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A multicast r.uting algor.thm with multip.e tr.es

Jour.al of Systems Engineer.ng and Electr.nics 2005年第2期16卷 426-432页

作者： cui xunxue 1,2 , gao wei3.& fang hongyu41. new star.r.sear.h institute of ap.lied technology, hefei 23.03., p. r. china 2. Jiangsu Key Labor.tor. of Comp.ter.Infor.ation p.ocessing technology,Soochow Univer.ity, Suzhou 215006, p. r. china 3. Dep.r.ment of Electr.nic Engineer.ng and Infor.ation Science,Univer.ity of Science and technology of china, hefei 230027, p. r. china 4. School of Electr.nic Science and technology, Anhui Univer.ity, hefei 23.03., p. r. china new star.r.sear.h institute of ap.lied technology Hefei 230031 P. R. China 2. Jiangsu Key Labor.tor. of Comp.ter.Infor.ation p.ocessing technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China Dep.r.ment of Electr.nic Engineer.ng and Infor.ation Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 P. R. China School of Electr.nic Science and technology Anhui University Hefei 230039 P. R. China

Quality of ser.ice (QoS) multicast r.uting has continued to be a ver. imp.r.ant r.search top.c in the Inter.et. A method of multicast r.uting is p.op.sed to simultaneously op.imize sever.l p.r.meter. based on multiobjective genetic algor.thm, after.the r.lated wor. is r.viewed. The contr.bution lies on that the selection p.ocess of such r.uting is tr.ated with multiobjective op.imization. Differ.nt quality cr.ter.ons in Ip.networ. ar. taken into account for.multicast communications. A set of r.uting tr.es is gener.ted to app.oximate the p.r.to fr.nt of multicast p.oblem. Multip.e tr.es can be selected fr.m the final set of nondominated solutions, and ap.lied to obtain a good over.ll link cost and balance tr.ffic distr.bution accor.ing to some simulation r.sults.

关键词： multicast r.uting quality of ser.ice multiobjective op.imization genetic algor.thms.

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Evidence for.p.r.icle acceler.tion app.oaching p.V ener.ies in the W51 comp.ex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LhAASO Collabor.tion Zhen Cao F.Ahar.nian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastier. X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen h.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.h.Chen S.Chen S.h.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng M.Y.cui S.W.cui X.h.cui Y.D.cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.fang J.h.fang K.fang C.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.gao C.D.gao Q.gao W.gao W.K.gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han M.hasan h.h.he h.N.he J.Y.he Y.he Y.K.hor.B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.C.hu D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.Y.huang Y.huang X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Kar.12}kov D.Kuleshov K.Kur.nov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.r.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.Y.Liu r.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.r.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsir. h.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Ner.nov L.J.Ou p.p.ttar.kijwanich Z.Y.p.i J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.r.za D.r.ffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Step.nov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata p.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang r.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.p.Wang L.Y.Wang p.h.Wang r.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.wei J.J.wei Y.J.wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.r.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.r.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu r.F.Xu r.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang r.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu Q.Yuan h.Yue h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang h.Zhang 不详 Key Labor.tor. of p.r.icle Astr.p.ysics&Exp.r.mental p.ysics Division&Comp.ting Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Univer.ity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic r.y r.search Center ChengduChina Dublin institute for.Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-p.anck-Institut for.Nuclear.p.ysics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of p.ysical Science and technology&School of Infor.ation Science and technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astr.nomy and Sp.ce Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center.for.Astr.p.ysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee institute&School of p.ysics and Astr.nomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China institute for.Nuclear.r.search of r.ssian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia hebei Nor.al Univer.ity Shijiazhuang 050024China Univer.ity of Science and technology of china Hefei 230026China State Key Labor.tor. of p.r.icle Detection and Electr.nics China Key Labor.tor. of Dar. Matter.and Sp.ce Astr.nomy&Key Labor.tor. of r.dio Astr.nomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China r.search Center.for.Astr.nomical Comp.ting Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Labor.tor. for.r.search in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of p.ysics and Astr.nomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Labor.tor. of Cosmic r.ys(Tibet Univer.ity) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astr.nomical Obser.ator.es Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of p.ysics and Astr.nomy(Zhuhai)&School of p.ysics(Guangzhou)&Sino-Fr.nch institute of Nuclear.Engineer.ng and technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina institute of Fr.ntier.and Inter.iscip.inar. Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China apC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-r.y emission fr.m the W51 comp.ex is widely acknowledged to be attr.buted to the inter.ction between the cosmic r.ys(Cr.)acceler.ted by the shock of sup.r.ova r.mnant(SNr.W51C and the dense molecular.clouds in the adjacent star-for.ing r.gion,***,the maximum acceler.tion capability of W51C for.Cr. r.mains *** on obser.ations conducted with the Lar.e high Altitude Air.Shower.Obser.ator.(LhAASO),we r.p.r. a significant detection ofγr.ys emanating fr.m the W51 comp.ex,with ener.ies fr.m 2 to 200 *** LhAASO measur.ments,for.the fir.t time,extend theγ-r.y emission fr.m the W51 comp.ex beyond 100 TeV and r.veal a significant sp.ctr.m bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump.featur.d data fr.m Fer.i-LAT,the br.adbandγ-r.y sp.ctr.m of the W51 r.gion can be well-char.cter.zed by a simp.e p.-collision *** obser.ed sp.ctr.l bending featur. suggests an exp.nential cutoff at~400 TeV or.a p.wer.law br.ak at~200 TeV in the Cr.p.oton sp.ctr.m,most likely p.oviding the fir.t evidence of SNr. ser.ing as Cr.acceler.tor. app.oaching the p.V ***,two young star cluster. within W51B could also be theor.tically viable to p.oduce the most ener.eticγr.ys obser.ed by *** findings str.ngly sup.or. the p.esence of extr.me Cr.acceler.tor. within the W51 comp.ex and p.ovide new insights into the or.gin of Galactic Cr..

关键词： UhE c-r.y Cosmic r.ys SNr.W51C star cluster.

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LhAASO Collabor.tion Zhen Cao Chuandong gao Cong Li r.o-Yu Liu r.izhi Yang 不详 Key Labor.tor. of p.r.icle Astr.p.yics&Exp.r.mental p.ysics Division&Comp.ting Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Univer.ity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic r.y r.search Center ChengduChina institute of Fr.ntier.and Inter.iscip.inar. Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astr.nomy and Sp.ce Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Univer.ity of Science and technology of china Hefei 230026China

We r.p.r. the detection of aγ-r.y bubble sp.nning at least 100deg2 in ultr.-high ener.y(UhE)up.to a few p.V in the dir.ction of the star-for.ing r.gion Cygnus X,imp.ying the p.esence sup.r.p.Vatr.n(s)acceler.ting p.otons to at least 10 p.V.A log-p.r.bola for. with the p.oton indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-r.y ener.y sp.ctr.m of the bubble *** sour.es,“hot sp.ts”cor.elated with ver. massive molecular.clouds,and a quasi-sp.er.cal amor.0}ousγ-r.y emitter.with a shar.0}centr.l br.ghtening ar. obser.ed in the *** the cor. of~0.5°,sp.tially associating with a r.gion containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a micr.quasar.Cygnus X-3),as well as p.eviously r.p.r.ed multi-TeV sour.es,an enhanced concentr.tion of UhEγ-r.ys is obser.ed with 2 p.otons at ener.ies above 1 *** gener.l featur. of the bubble,the mor.0}ology,and the ener.y sp.ctr.m,ar. r.asonably r.p.oduced by the assump.ion of a p.r.icle acceler.tor.in the cor.,continuously injecting p.otons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic r.ys γ-r.ys Inter.tellar.medium star cluster

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