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Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2. DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4. XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU cui3.1. institute of {2., chinese Academy of geological Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 2. Development and Research Center, China geological Survey, Beijing 10003., China 3. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. China 4. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.1}074. China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812. China 6. institute of {2., State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 10002., China 1. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China 2. Development and Research Center China Geological Survey 100037 Beijing China 3. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources 100812 Beijing China 6. institute of geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North China, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North China platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North China Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North China platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North China craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North China platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North China in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

Thrust Propagation in the Aqqikkol Lake Area, the East Kunlun Mountains, Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第4期77卷 468-478页

作者： cui junwen, CHEN Wen, LI Pengwu, ZHANG Xiaowei and LI Li {2. of {3., {4. Academy of {4. Sciences, Beijing 10003. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037

The western segment of the East Kunlun Mountains is one of the poorly studied regions in northwestern China. Through a structural analysis of the typical sections, we have the following views: (1) There is a very well developed fault system in the western segment of the East Kunlun Mountains and thrust propagation, normal slip and decoupling are the chief deformation events in this area. (2. Although the thrusting started in the Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, strong activity took place in the Miocene-Quaternary when the Kumkol basin was strongly downwarped. (3. The tectonic pattern of coexistence of N-directed thrust propagation and S-directed normal slip in this area is consistent with the general tectonic pattern of the northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau and also very similar to that of the Himalayan region on the southern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, but their directions between the thrust propagation are opposite and all the strong thrust propagations occurred from the Miocene-Pliocene to Quaternary, a period featuring strong collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate and abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. This oppositely directed thrust propagation and normal slip reveal such kinematic characteristics as symmetric propagations of deep-seated materials towards the north and south beneath the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and gravitational sliding of superficial materials towards the interior of the plateau. Therefore, the establishment of the fault system in the study area may provide an approach to the study of deep processes of the northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the construction of a unified geodynamic model for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

关键词： western segment of the East Kunlun Mountains thrust propagation normal slip plate collision dynamic model

PALEOMAGNETIC ESTIMATE OF THE MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC LATITUDINAL DISPLACEMENT OF TERRENES IN THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 325-326页

作者： Li Pengwu, cui junwen, Li Li({2. of {3., {4. Academy of {4. Sciences, Beijing 10003., China)

The Mesozoic—Cenozoic latitudinal displacement amounts of terranes (or blocks) in the Qinghai—Tibet plateau were calculated in paleomagnetism. These terranes (or blocks) include Tarim and Qaidam blocks, East Kunlun, Baryan Har, Qiangtang, Lhasa and Himalaya terranes. The calculated results are listed in table 1. These results show that:(1) There was the latitudinal displacement difference between central area and southwestern area in the Tarim southern margin since the lower Cretaceous. There was a southward latitudinal movement from the beginning of middle Jurassic or upper Jurassic (Zhou Qingjie, 1992.. The northward movement amounts of the Tarim northern margin since the Paleocene are greater than that of the Tarim southern margin. Tarim southern margin has moved northward about 1100km since the Paleocene, Tarim northern margin has done about 1700km. Qaidam has moved northward about 3.00km since lower\|middle Jurassic. The northward displacement amount of Qaidam since Paleocene is about 810km, near to that of the central area, Tarim southern margin.

关键词： Qinghai\|Tibetan plateau paleomagnetism latitudinal displacement

Himalayan Tectonic Evolution in the East Asian Peri-Pacific Region

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 233-246页

作者： cui Shengqin Li Jinrong institute of Geomechanics, {2. Academy of {3. Scinences, Beijing Fei Zhenbi institute of Geornechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Scinences Beijing

This paper summarizes the Late Palaeozoic. Indosinian and Yanshanian palaeotectonic settings in theperi-Pacific region of East Asia. On that basis, the Himalayan crustal movement in the region is divided intothe early and late tectonic stages and two principal tectonic phases. From the ocean to the continent, 5 giganticHimalayan formation-deformation belts are distinguished; they are the Northwest Pacific trench-island arcbelt. the Northwest Pacific marginal sea basin bell. the East China Sea-northern South China Seacontinental-shelf down-faulted belt. the East Asian epicontinental rift belt. and the East Asian intracontinentalrift belt. The Early and Late Himalayan tectonic evolution is dealt with. Finally the state of the Himalayan re-gional stress field and its evoution in the region are discussed. It is considered that the mechanism of their for-mation is closely related to the continent-ocean and surface-deep earth interaction.

关键词： Asia

Spatial distribution of shallow landslides caused by Typhoon Lekima in 2.19 in Zhejiang Province, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1564-1580页

作者： cui Yulong YANG Liu XU Chong ZHENG Jun School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China National institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

In recent years, the coastal region of Southeast China has witnessed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events associated with landfalling typhoons. The hilly and mountainous terrain of this area, combined with rapid rainfall accumulation, has led to a surge in flash floods and severe geological hazards. On August 10, 2.19, Typhoon Lekima made landfall in Zhejiang Province, China, and its torrential rainfall triggered extensive landslides, resulting in substantial damage and economic losses. Utilizing high-resolution satellite images, we compiled a landslide inventory of the affected area, which comprises a total of 2.774.rainfallinduced landslides over an area of 2.65 km2. The majority of these landslides were small to mediumsized and exhibited elongated, clustered patterns. Some landslides displayed characteristics of high-level initiation, obstructing or partially blocking rivers, leading to the formation of debris dams. We used the inventory to analyze the distribution pattern of the landslides and their relationship with topographical, geological, and hydrological factors. The results showed that landslide abundance was closely related to elevation, slope angle, faults, and road density. The landslides were predominantly located in hilly and low mountainous areas, with elevations ranging from 150 to 3.0 m, slopes of 2. to 3. degrees, and a NE-SE aspect. Notably, we observed the highest Landslide Number Density(LND) and Landslide Area Percentage(LAP) in the rhyolite region. Landslides were concentrated within approximately 4.km on either side of fault zones, with their size and frequency negatively correlated with distances to faults, roads, and river systems. Furthermore, under the influence of typhoons, regions with denser vegetation cover exhibited higher landslide density, reaching maximum values in shrubland areas. In areas experiencing significantly increased concentrated rainfall, landslide density also showed a corr

关键词： Typhoon rainfall Landslide characteristics Spatial distribution Southeast coastal region

The Tethyan-Himalayan Orogenic Complex

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Continental Dynamics 1996年第1期 20-29页

作者： cui junwen and Xu Zhiqin({2. of {3. {4. Academy of {4. Sciences, Beijing 10003.,China)

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关键词： Himalayan

THE NUMERICAL SIMULATE OF THE UPLIFT PROCESS OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 359-361页

作者： cui junwen 1, Shi Jinsong 2.Li Pengwu 1,Li Li 1[WT5,5”BX](1 {2. of {4., chinese Academy of {4. Sciences, Beijing 1003.2.China 2.Hoha University, Nanjing 2.0098,China)

The quantitative analysis of uplift process of the Qinghai—Tibet plateau is a key to deepen the study of uplift mechanism and dynamic model, for this, numerical simulate was done to the whole process of uplift of the Qinghai—Tibet plateau.1 geological model According to the tectonic evolution and lithospheric structure, continental crust in the Qinghai—Tibet plateau in profile is divided into sedimentary cover, crystalline rock formation and lower crust and composed of Kunlun, Bayan Har, Qiangtang, Gangdise and Himalaya blocks on the plane. Layer or block is bounded the detachment layer or large fault. On the basis of the uplift characteristics, the calculated time limit is in the Cenozoic since 65Ma, roughly four stages, i.e., 65 to 4.Ma, 4. to 2.Ma, 2. to 3.a and 3.a to now. Mesh profile used Yadong—Golmud Geoscience transect.

关键词： Uplift dynamic process numerical simulate shortening thickening stress strain rate of increasing temperature(RIT)

Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Lithospheric Structure and Structural Geomorphology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Continental Dynamics 2001年第2期6卷 29-37页

作者： cui junwen, LI Pengwu and LI Li {2. of {3., {4. Acacemy of {4. Sciences, Beijing 10003. China institute of geology Chinese Acacemy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Through a review of the history of the study of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and an analysis of various dynamic models of the uplift and on the basis of the strong inhomogeneity of the lithospheric structure of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and "tripartite" and "symmetric" structural geomorphologic pattern, the authors propose that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the result of integrated action of bidirectional differential subduction of the Indian block and the Tarim-Alxa block and the deep-seated thermal-uplift spreading beneath the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Subduction is an important mechanism of the uplift and thermal-uplift spreading is the direct cause.

关键词： geomorphotogic pattern deep-seated thermal-uplift subduction Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Monitoring Surface Water Change in Northeast China in 1999–2.2.:Evidence from Satellite Observation and Refined Classification

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chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 106-117页

作者： LIU Kai ZHANG Dapeng CHEN Tan cui Peipei FAN Chenyu SONG Chunqiao Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing(UCASNJ)Nanjing211135China Geographic Information and Tourism College Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou239000China

As a typical region with high water demand for agricultural production,understanding the spatiotemporal surface water changes in Northeast China is critical for water resources management and sustainable ***,the long-term variation characteristics of surface water of different water body types in Northeast China remain rarely *** study investigated how surface water bodies of different types(e.g.,lake,reservoir,river,coastal aquaculture,marsh wetland,ephemeral water) changed during1999–2.2. in Northeast China based on various remote sensing-based *** results showed that surface water in Northeast China grew dramatically in the past two decades,with an equivalent area increasing from 2. 3.4.km^(2. in 1999 to 3. 595 km^(2. in *** surge of ephemeral water is the primary driver of surface water expansion,which could ascribe to shifted precipitation *** wetlands,rivers,and reservoirs experienced a similar trend,with an approximate 2.% increase at the interdecadal *** contrast,coastal aquacultures and natural lakes remain relatively *** study is expected to provide a more comprehensive investigation of the surface water variability in Northeast China and has important practical significance for the scientific management of different types of surface water.

关键词： surface water spatiotemporal variation water body classification remote sensing Northeast China