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Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 468-479页

作者： Chang Ma Yajng liu Shaoshuai liu crystal l.lévesque Fengqi Zhao Jindong Yin Bing Dong State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Biological SciencesSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

Background:Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)are important substrates for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland,and are tightly related to lipid *** study has been performed examining the role of BCAAs with high fat diets on milk fat *** study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary BCAAs on growth performance of piglets,progeny body weight,and milk fat composition in sows fed a high fat *** diets(CON=control diet;HF=high fat diet with 8%soybean oil;HF-MB=HF plus 0.39%BCAAs;HF-HB=HF plus 0.78%BCAAs)were fed to sows from late gestation to ***:Compared to HF,BCAAs(HF-MB and HF-HB)increased the litter weight(Pll.litter weight gain(Plostrum fat content by 27.3–35.8%(Ples between the two doses of BCAAs were *** with HF,HF-MB tended to decrease the percentage of C18:3n3(P=0.063)and increased the percentage of C18:1n9c(P=0.03).In addition,BCAAs in HF-MB increased the concentration of total fatty acid by 22.1%in colostrum(P=0.03)but decreased that in serum at parturition by 53.2%(P=0.027).The fatty acids in colostrum that increased with BCAAs were C15:0,C17:0,C20:3n6,C20:4n6,C20:5n3 and C22:6n3(P=0.00~0.04).Colostrum fatty acids of C20:0,C21:0,C22:0,C16:1,C20:1,C18:1n9c also tended to be increased(0.05le due to BCAAs was different from that in ***:BCAAs in high fat diet of sows altered the fatty acid composition in colostrum and enhanced litter *** study indicated that BCAAs supplementation can enhance mammary fatty acid uptake and mammary fat synthesis and that supplemental BCAAs and fat in late gestation and lactation diets for sows can improve reproductive performance.

关键词： Dietary lipids Fatty acid composition Milk Odd chain fatty acid Pig Poly unsaturated fatty acid Sow

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatology and Other Disordered Eating

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 287-299页

作者： Dilan H. Arreguin Kendria S. Shields-Rhodes Melissa l. Harel crystal D. Oberle Department of Psychology Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors concerning healthy eating, which negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and ethnic background, 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed that the racial and ethnic groups did not differ on the ONI subscales assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on the EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores that were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower than the other racial and ethnic groups on the subscale assessing dieting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and the subscale assessing binge-eating and purging behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored significantly lower than White participants on the latter subscale. These findings suggest that while orthorexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and ethnicity, a Black race and Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perhaps related either to cultural norms concerning body image or to the resiliency and social support among the Black and Hispanic communities.

关键词： Race Ethnicity Orthorexia Disordered Eating

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Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial.light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar Sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial.light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial.light modulators

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Electrode particulate materials for advanced rechargeable batteries:A review

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 160-181页

作者： Mingyang Ma Miao Du Yan liu Hongyan lü Jialin Yang Zelin Hao Jinzhi Guo Xinglong Wu MOE Key laboratory for UV light-Emitting Materials and Technology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunJilin130024China

The demand for large-scale energy storage is increasing due to the decreasing non-renewable resources and deteriorating environmental *** rechargeable batteries with high energy density and long cycle performance is an ideal choice to meet the demand of energy storage *** development of excellent electrode particles is of great significance in the commercialization of nextgeneration *** ideal electrode particles should balance raw material reserves,electrochemical performance,price and environmental *** them,the development of electrode particulate materials with excellent electrochemical properties is the top priority at *** this review,the typical researches of electrode materials are summarized in terms of crystal structure,morphology,pore structure,surface and interface ***,the structural characteristics and improvement methods of transition metal oxides,polyanionic compounds,Prussian blue and their analogues are ***,the different effects of particulate morphology,pore,surface and interface structure on the performance of electrode materials are *** designing high-performance electrode materials,preparation route should be set according to the particle properties of the materials and the synergistic effect of various optimization methods should be *** the same time,in addition to the electrode materials,other components of the rechargeable batteries,such as current collector,separator and electrolytes,should be optimized to improve the overall performance of the *** review would provide important guiding principle for designing high-performance electrode particulate materials.

关键词： Particulate properties Electrode materials Rechargeable batteries

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Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng Adrian l.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven l.Johnson SwissFEl Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland Photonics Institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria Institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland Institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

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Debris Fan Produced by Failure of Canyon-Blocking Pyroclastic Flows

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第5期16卷 328-360页

作者： Michael.l. Cummings Department of Geology Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

Ash-rich pyroclastic flows from the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama (~7700 yr. B. P.), Cascade volcanic arc, Oregon, entered and blocked the narrow, bedrock-lined canyon of the Williamson River approximately 35 to 44 km from the source volcano. The blockage impounded a body of water which then released producing four stratigraphic units in the downstream debris fan. The four stratigraphic units are a boulder core comprised of locally sourced bedrock boulders and three sand-rich units including a fine-grained sand unit, a sandy pumice gravel (±basalt/hydrovolcanic tuff) unit, and a pumice pebble-bearing, crystal-rich sand unit. Hand-drilled auger holes up to ~1.6 m deep were used to obtain samples of the sand-rich units. Units were delimited using surface and down-hole observations, composition and texture, estimated density, statistical parameters of grain size, and vertical and lateral distribution of properties. Overtopping followed by rapid incision into the ash-rich pyroclastic flows progressively cleared the canyon, but a bedrock knickpoint near the head of the canyon limited the volume of debris available for transport to about 0.04 km3 to 0.08 km3. Co-deposition of bedrock boulders and lithic-rich sand was followed by rapid deposition with minimal reworking of remobilized pyroclastics. Continued draining of the impounded lake sent hyperconcentrated flows onto the debris fan depositing pumice-rich gravels that graded upward to crystal-rich sands.

关键词： Outburst Flood Mount Mazama Debris Fan Canyon Blockage Pyroclastic Flows

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Enhancing crystal integrity and structural rigidity of CsPbBr_(3) nanoplatelets to achieve a narrow colorsaturated blue emission

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 985-997页

作者： Qianqian Huang Wenxu Yin Bo Gao Qingsen Zeng Dong Yao Hao Zhang Yinghe Zhao Weijia Zheng Jiaqi Zhang Xuyong Yang Xiaoyu Zhang Andrey l.Rogach Key laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE School of Materials Science&Engineeringand Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy MaterialsJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina. Department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada. Key laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics(CFP)City University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.RChina

Quantum-confined CsPbBr_(3) perovskites are promising blue emitters for ultra-high-definition displays,but their soft lattice caused by highly ionic nature has a limited ***,we endow CsPbBr_(3) nanoplatelets(NPls)with atomic crystal-like structural rigidity through proper surface engineering,by using strongly bound N-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid(DBSA).A stable,rigid crystal structure,as well as uniform,orderly-arranged surface of these NPls is achieved by optimizing intermediate reaction stage,by switching from molecular clusters to mono-octahedra,while interaction with DBSA resulted in formation of a Cs_(x)O monolayer shell capping the NPl *** a result,both structural and optical stability of the CsPbBr3 NPls is enhanced by strong covalent bonding of DBSA,which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potentially caused by ligand ***,rather small amount of DBSA ligands at the NPl surface results in a short inter-NPl spacing in their closely-packed films,which facilitates efficient charge injection and *** photoluminescence of the produced CsPbBr_(3) NPls is bright(nearly unity emission quantum yield)and peaks at 457 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K,while the bandwidth of the electroluminescence(peaked at 460 nm)also reaches a record-narrow value of 15 nm at room *** value corresponds to the CIE coordinates of(0.141,0.062),which meets Rec.2020 standards for ultra-high-definition displays.

关键词： temperature stability narrow

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Evaluating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： Jonathon D. crystal Allison l. FOOTE Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been divided into information monitoring and control processes. Monitoring involves knowing that you know or do not know some information without taking corrective action. Control involves taking corrective action based on the knowledge that you know or do not know some information. In comparative metacognition, considerable attention has been paid toward critically assessing putative evidence for information monitoring in non-human animals. However, less attention has been paid toward critically evaluating evidence for control processes in animals. We briefly review a critique of information-monitoring in animals. Next, we apply these concepts to a number of studies that focus on information seeking in animals. The main type of evidence for control processes in animals come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited but is sometimes prevented from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects look more if baiting was not seen and are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evidence for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simple alternative hypotheses that are sufficient to explain putative evidence for information seeking in animals without positing metacognition. The alternative explanation focuses on two relatively simple principles： First, an animal has a default ＂look before you go＂ response which supersedes random searches in space. Second, spatially guided behavior follows a default rule of ＂go where something good is.＂ These principles can explain the results of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

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Auxiliary ligand-induced assembly of atomically precise silver clusters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Yeqin Feng Xuemeng Jing Fangyu Fu Mengyun Zhao Manzhou Chi Hongjin lü Guoyu Yang MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Establishing the correlation between inter-cluster assembly and auxiliary ligands at the atomic level is crucial for the development of metal cluster *** this work,we report the successful preparation and characterization of three Ag clusters,discrete 0-D Ag51S6Cl3（iPrS）21（TsO）15CH3CN(0-D Ag51,iPrS-=isopropanethiolate,TsO-=toluenesulfonate),1-D {Ag38S4（iPrS）18（PhCOO）12}_n(1-D Ag38,PHCOO-=benzoate),and 2-D {Ag20（SO4）Cl2（iPrS）10（NO3）6}_n(2-D Ag20),using a delicate auxiliary-ligand-induced *** analyses reveal that the types of auxiliary ligands can readily affect the structure and dimensionality of resulting Ag *** addition of different surface auxiliary ligands from TsO-to PhCOO-and then to NO3-leads to the formation of 0-D Ag51to 1-D Ag38and then to 2-D Ag20clusters under otherwise identical reaction conditions,*** resulting Ag clusters exhibited structure-related optical.luminescence properties and distinct bathochromic shifts as revealed by the temperature-dependent luminescence and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

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Dynamic Control of Multiple Optical Patterns of Cholesteric liquid crystal Microdroplets by light-Driven Molecular Motors

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 427-438页

作者： Jiaqin li Shuting Xie Jiahui Meng Yuying liu Qi Zhan Yang Zhang lingling Shui Guofu Zhou Ben l.Feringa Jiawen Chen SCNU-UG International Joint laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006 Joint laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and DevicesSchool of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006 Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen9747AG Groningen

The key to high-level encryption and anti-counterfeiting techniques is the storage of multiple levels of distinct information that can be individually and precisely addressed by certain *** continues to be a formidable challenge as the concealed images or codes must be read with fast response and high resolution without cross-talk to the first layer of ***,we report a non-fluorescencebased strategy to establish responsive encryption labels taking advantage of sol.ly tuning multiple optical patterns of cholesteric liquid crystal(ClC)microdroplets doped with light-driven molecular *** photo-triggered unidirectional rotation of the motor induced not only changes in the helical twist power value but the opposite helical orientation of the superstructure in ClCs as well,resulting in changes in both the structural color and the selective reflection of circularly polar *** designed labels,which featured highly selective addressability of dual.level distinct information,good reversibility,and viewing angle-independence,were applied to build devices for daily practical use,demonstrating great potential in anti-counterfeiting technology and provide a versatile platform for enhanced data protection and encryption of authentic information.

关键词： molecular motor chirality amplification cholesteric liquid crystal anti-counterfeiting label data encryption

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