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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan j.Tilbrook shane K.Maloney j.ll N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy j.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have obj.ctive means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard j.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** maj.r leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of maj.r leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

Exploding lakes in Vanuatu ＂Surtseyan-style＂ eruptions witnessed on Ambae Island

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 87-92页

作者： Károly Németh shane j. cronin Douglas Charley Morris Harrison Esline Garae Volcanic Risk Solutions Institute of Natural Resources Massey University PO Box 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Geology Mines and Water Resources Private Bag Port Vila Vanuatu

After a long silence, Lake Vui on Ambae Island burst into spectacular life on November 28, 2005, disrupting the lives of the 10,000 inhabitants on this sleepy tropical island in the SW Pacific. ＂Surtseyan-style＂ explosions burst through the Island＇s summit lake waters, forming a new tuff-cone, and threatening to form deadly lahars or volcanic floods. Such eruptions are rarely well observed, and these fleeting opportunities provide a chance to match volcanic processes with rock-sequences common in the geologic record...

关键词：瓦努阿图爆发湖泊岛屿

The metabolite BH4 controls T cell proliferation in autoimmunity and cancer

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四川生理科学杂志 2023年第10期45卷 1825-1825页

作者： shane j.F cronin IMBA Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria. Department of Neurobiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. FM Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology AUVA Research Center Vienna Austria. Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada. Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany. Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases Immunology Rheumatology and Pneumology) Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria. Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Institute of Bioengineering National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford UK. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Roosevelt Drive University of Oxford Oxford UK. Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Center Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) Harvard University Boston MA USA. LABOX Departamento de Bioquímica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil. Research Institute of Molecular Pathology Vienna Biocenter Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1 Vienna Austria. Karolinska Institute Department of Medicine Solna Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Solna Stockholm Sweden. Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne Germany. Department of Neurosciences Centre de Recherche de CHU de Québec-Université Laval Québec Québec Canada. Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine Université Laval Québec Quebec Canada. Neurosurgery Departm

Genetic regulators and environmental stimuli modulate T cell activation in autoimmunity and *** enzyme co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4)is involved in the production of monoamine neurotransmitters,the generation of n... 详细信息

关键词： BH4 cancer. autoimmunity

Design and analysis of extended depth of focus metalenses for achromatic computational imaging

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Photonics Research 2020年第10期8卷 1613-1623页

作者： LUOCHENG HUANA j.MES WHITEHEAD shane COLBURN ARKA MAj.MDAR Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeatteWashington 98195USA

Metasurface optics have demonstrated vast potential for implementing traditional optical components in an ultracompact and lightweight form ***,however,suffer from severe chromatic aberrations,posing serious limitations on their practical *** approaches for circumventing this involving dispersion engineering are limited to small apertures and often entail multiple scatterers per unit cell with small feature ***,we prescnt an alternative technique to mitigatc chromatic aberration and demonstrate high-quality,full-color imaging using extended depth of focus(EDOF)metalenses and computational *** EDOF metalenses have relied on cubic phase masks,where the image quality suffers from asymmetric *** we demonstrate the use of rotationally symmetric masks,including logarithmic-aspherical,and shifted axicon masks,to mitigate this *** work will inspire further development in achromatic metalenses beyond dispersion engineering and hybrid optical-digital metasurface systems.

关键词： chromatic dispersion optics

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of an Installed Multiunit Seasonal Thermal Energy Store

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j.urnal of Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第7期11卷 439-445页

作者： shane Colelough Neil j. Hewitt Philip Griffiths Centre for Sustainable Technologies 26 B 16 Ulster University Newtownabbey BT37 OQB Northern Ireland UK

The financial viability of a solar STES （seasonal thermal energy store） installed in a mixed commercial and residential multiunit development of low-energy buildings located in Lysekil, Sweden, a maritime Scandinavian Climate has been investigated. Using recorded figures for the installation costs and performance, a financial life cycle analysis has been undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of the system. The time value of money is considered and an LCC （life cycle cost） analysis undertaken to identify the cost-effectiveness of the solution. It shows that while a direct heating and hot water system incorporating STES can be economically viable in a Swedish maritime climate in the long term, assistance such as that provided by government incentives is required to assist with the high capital cost of the initial investment.

关键词： STES passive house fmancial analysis nZEB passivhaus seasonal thermal energy storage storage LCC analysis

Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： shane F.O'Riordan Rod McGregor Shona L.Halson David j.Bishop j.mes R.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood ***,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures *** study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at ***:Resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,j.nior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CON),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHORTS),and compression socks(SOCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral *** blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared ***:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON(p<0.01)and SHORTS(p<0.01),with SOCKS values higher compared with CON(p<0.05).Common femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON(p<0.05),with TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS(p<0.05).Gastrocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.000),SOCKS(p=0.012),and SHORTS(p=0.000),with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS(p=0.046).Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.028)and SOCKS(p=0.019),with SHORTS also higher compared to CON(p=0.012)and SOCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.003),SOCKS(p=0.033),and SHORTS(p=0.003),with SOCKS higher compared to CON(p=0.044)and SHORTS(p=0.032).Va

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow

MEMS-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 334-344页

作者： Zheyi Han shane Colburn Arka Maj.mdar Karl F.Bohringer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195USA

Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical *** several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often face challenges with respect to power consumption,tuning speed,fabrication cost,or production *** this work,we have adapted the mechanism of an Alvarez lens–a varifocal composite lens in which lateral shifts of two optical elements with cubic phase surfaces give rise to a change in the optical power–to construct a miniature,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-actuated metasurface Alvarez *** based on an electrostatic MEMS generates fast and controllable actuation with low power *** utilization of metasurfaces–ultrathin and subwavelength-patterned diffractive optics–as optical elements greatly reduces the device volume compared to systems using conventional freeform *** entire MEMS Alvarez metalens is fully compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technologies,granting it the potential to be mass-produced at a low unit *** the reported prototype operating at 1550 nm wavelength,a total uniaxial displacement of 6.3µm was achieved in the Alvarez metalens with a direct-current(DC)voltage application up to 20V,which modulated the focal position within a total tuning range of 68µm,producing more than an order of magnitude change in the focal length and a 1460-diopter change in the optical *** MEMS Alvarez metalens has a robust design that can potentially generate a much larger tuning range without substantially increasing the device volume or energy consumption,making it desirable for a wide range of imaging and display applications.

关键词： electrostatic optics adapted

Optimal Partitioning of Distribution Networks for Micro-Grid Operation

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j.urnal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第9期5卷 104-120页

作者： shane j. Kimble Divya T. Vedullapalli Elham B. Makram Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

A great concern for the modern distribution grid is how well it can withstand and respond to adverse conditions. One way that utilities are addressing this issue is by adding redundancy to their systems. Likewise, distributed generation (DG) is becoming an increasingly popular asset at the distribution level and the idea of microgrids operating as standalone systems apart from the bulk electric grid is quickly becoming a reality. This allows for greater flexibility as systems can now take on exponentially more configurations than the radial, one-way distribution systems of the past. These added capabilities, however, make the system reconfiguration with a much more complex problem causing utilities to question if they are operating their distribution systems optimally. In addition, tools like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distribution Automation (DA) allow for systems to be reconfigured faster than humans can make decisions on how to reconfigure them. As a result, this paper seeks to develop an automated partitioning scheme for distribution systems that can respond to varying system conditions while ensuring a variety of operational constraints on the final configuration. It uses linear programming and graph theory. Power flow is calculated externally to the LP and a feedback loop is used to recalculate the solution if a violation is found. Application to test systems shows that it can reconfigure systems containing any number of loops resulting in a radial configuration. It can connect multiple sources to a single microgrid if more capacity is needed to supply the microgrid’s load.

关键词： Distributed Generation (DG) Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Distribution Automation (DA) Fault Location Isolation and Restoration (FLISR) Self-Healing Network Micro-Grid Smart Grid