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What makes residents participate in the rural toilet revolution?

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 23-25页

作者： Yong Li Shikun Cheng Xingyu Chen Mingjun Gao Cong Chen Elisabeth-Maria Huba Zifu Li John crittenden Tianxin Li School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial PollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingXueyuan Road No.30Haidian DistrictBeijing100083PR China School of Economics and Management University of Science and Technology BeijingXueyuan Road No.30Haidian DistrictBeijing100083PR China German Toilet Organization Paulsenstr.2312163BerlinGermany Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332GAUnited States

Recent data reveals a staggering reality:as of 2020,approximately 3.6 billion individuals across the globe remain devoid of proper sanitation services[1].Worldwide governmental and nongovernmental organisations are dedicatedly engaged in the arduous task of ameliorating living standards by providing secure sanitation ***,a recurring challenge persists,with these initiatives frequently encountering setbacks,especially in rural areas.

关键词： services governmental rural

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会计师如何帮助企业建立循环型商业模式

新理财（公司理财） 2024年第6期 74-76页

作者： Jasmine crittenden 不详

线性经济的“获取、制造、处理”方式威胁着地球的未来。也许在更短的时间内,线性经济模式造成的气候风险将影响到那些哄抬商品需求的企业,以及那些从事索取和制造的企业。

关键词：商品需求线性经济会计师气候风险商业模式循环型

FESE’s Best Papers of 2023

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 167-167页

作者： Jiuhui Qu John C.crittenden 不详

Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering is pleased to announce the best paper awards for *** 2023,we published 140 research and review papers in Volume 17 of *** order to acknowledge the past contributions and encourage more submissions,the FESE editorial board selected three distinguished research papers for their profound insights into current serious environmental issues and contributions to practical treatment *** hope these papers will inspire and promote innovation in the environmental science and engineering research field.

关键词： field. insight contributions

An electrochemical process that uses an Fe^0/TiO2 cathode to degrade typical dyes and antibiotics and a bio-anode that produces electricity

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 25-32页

作者： Chaojie Jiang Lifen Liu John C. crittenden Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

In this study a new water treatment system that couples （photo-） electrochemical catalysis （PEC or EC） in a microbial fuel cell （MFC） was configured using a stainless-steel （SS） cathode coated w th Fe / TiO2. We examined the destruction of methylene blue （MB） and tetracycline. Fe^0/TiO2 was prepared using a chemical reduction-deposition method and coated onto an SS wire mesh （500 mesh） using a sol technique. The anode generates electricity using microbes （bio-anode）. Connected via wire and ohmic resistance, the system requires a short reaction time and operates at a low cost by effectively remowng 94% MB （initial concentration 20 mg·L^-1） and 83% TOC/TOCo under visible light illumination （50 W; 1.99 mW·cm^-2 for 120 rain, MFC-PEC）. The removal was similar even without light irradiation （MFC-EC）. The EEo of the MFC-PEC system was approximately 0.675 kWh·m^-3. order-l whereas that of the MFC-EC system was zero. The system was able to remove 70% COD in tetracycline solution （initial tetracycline concentration 100 mg·L^-1） after 120 min of visible light illumination; without light, the removal was 15% lower. The destruction of MB and tetracycline in both traditional photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis systems was notably low. The electron spinresonance spectroscopy （ESR） study demonstrated that. OH was formed under visible light, and. 02 was formed without light. The bio-electricity-activated O2 and ROS （reactive oxidizing species） generation by Fe^0/TiO2 effectively degraded the pollutants. This cathodic degradation improved the electricity generation by accepting and consuming more electrons from the bio-anode.

关键词： Bio-anodePhotocatalytic cathode Fe^0/TiO2 ESRDye and antibioticsAdvanced oxidation

Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li John C. crittenden School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China crittenden and Associates Beijing 100102 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proceedings contained 28 abstracts that discussed the start-of-the art applications of sustainable chemical engineering [1]. We summarized topics that were discussed in the 28 abstracts using the non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topics＂ were synthesized without reading the abstracts. Here we will not discuss the algorithm of NMF in detail because of the space limitation and please refer to references for the description of NMF [2,3]. Topic modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstracts increases.

关键词：

The preparation and performance of lignin-based activated carbon fiber adsorbents for treating gaseous streams

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 328-337页

作者： Min Song Wei Zhang Yongsheng Chen Jinming Luo John C. crittenden Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control (Ministry of Education) School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable System School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA

Two types of lignin-based carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The first was activated with Fe304 （LCF-Fe）, and the second was not activated with Fe3O4 （LCF）. Gas phase adsorption isotherms for toluene on LCF-Fe and LCF were studied. The gas phase adsorption isotherm for 0% RH showed LCF-Fe have about 439 mg/g adsorption capacity which was close to that of commercially available activated carbon （500 rag/g）. The Dubinin-Radushkevich equation described the isotherm data very well. Competitive adsorption isotherms between water vapor and toluene were measured for their RH from 0 to 80%. The effect of humidity on toluene gas-phase adsorption was predicted by using the Okazaki et al. model. In addition, a constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model （CPHSDM） was used to predict the toluene breakthrough curve of continuous flow-packed columns containing LCF-Fe, and its capacity was 412 mg/g. Our study, which included material characterization, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, the impact of humidity and fixed bed performance modeling, demonstrated the suitability of lignin-based carbon fiber for volatile organic compound removal from gas streams .

关键词： lignin carbon fiber electrospinning toluene humidity

PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized under different reaction times

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 29-40页

作者： Shuai Wang Tong Li Chen Chen Baicang Liu John C. crittenden College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology Sichuan University Chengdu 610207 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Litree Purifying Technology Co. Ltd Haikou 571126 China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate （PVDF-g- PEGMA） was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） at different reaction times （9 h, 19 h, and 29 h）. The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixtnre containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF- g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping rnore PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L. m 2.h I 1068 L- m 2.h land 1179 L.m 2.h I respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltvation mem-braneAmphiphilic copolymerBlended modificationHigh fluxAtomic transfer radical polymerization

Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water systems for the City of Atlanta, Georgia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 3-15页

作者： Hyunju Jeong Osvaldo A. Broesicke Bob Drew Duo Li John C. crittenden Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 USA Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 828 West Peachtree Street Suite 320 Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA ECOVIE Rainwater Collection Systems 4287 Club Drive N.E. Atlanta GA 30319 USA crittenden and Associates C-305 Building E Wangjing High-tech Park LizezhongEr Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100102 China

Low-impact development （LID） technologies, such as bioretention areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting, a_nd xeris_caping can co_ntrol stormwater runoff, supply non-potable water, and landscape open *** study examines a hybrid system （HS） that combines LID technologies with a centralized water system to lessen the burden on a conventional system （CS）. CS is defined as the stormwater collection and water supply infrastructure, and the conventional landscaping choices in the City of Atlanta. The study scope is limited to five single-family residential zones （SFZs）, classified R-1 through R-5, and four multi-family residential zones （MFZs）, classified RG-2 through RG-5. Population density increases from 0.4 （R-1） to 62.2 （RG-5） persons per 1,000 m2. We performed a life cycle assessment （LCA） comparison of CS and HS using TRACI 2.1 to simulate impacts on the ecosystem, human health, and natural resources. We quantified the impact of freshwater consumption using the freshwater ecosystem impact （FEI） indicator. Test results indicate that HS has a higher LCA single score than CS in zones with a low population density; however, the difference becomes negligible as population density increases. Incorporating LID in SFZs and MFZs can reduce potable water use by an average of 50%. and 25%,respectively.; however, water savings are negligible in zones with high population density （i.e., RG-5） due to the diminished surface area per capitaavailable for LID technoogies. The results demonstrate that LID technologies effectively reduce outdoor water demand and therefore would be a good choice to decrease the water consumption impact in the City of Atlanta.

关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA) Low impact development (LID) Bioretention area Rainwater harvesting Xeriscaping

Photocatalytic water splitting of ternary graphene-like photocatalyst for the photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 159-171页

作者： Yan Zhang Yuyan Zhang Xue Li Xiaohan Zhao Cosmos Anning John crittenden Xianjun Lyu School of Chemical an d Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266000China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332-0595USA

In recent times,there has been an increasing demand for energy which has resulted in an increased consumption of fossil fuels thereby posing a number of challenges to the *** the course finding possible solutions to this environmental canker,solar photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen gas has been identified as one of the most promising methods for generating renewable *** retard the recombination of photogenerated carriers and improve the efficiency of photocatalysis,the present paper reports a facile method called the hydrothermal method,which wa s used to prepare ternary graphene-like photocatalyst.A“Design Expert”was used to investigate the influence of the loading weight of Mo and GO as well as the temperature of hydrothermal reaction and their interactions on the evolution of hydrogen(H 2)in 4 *** experimental results showed that the ternary graphene-like photocatalyst has a strong photocatalytic hydrogen production activity compared to that of pure *** particular,the catalyst added 2.5 wt%of GO weight yielded the highest quantum of 21.69%at 400-700 nm of *** optimal evolution H2 in 4 h conditions was obtained as follows:The loading weight of Mo was 8.19 wt%,the loading weight of GO was 2.02 wt%,the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction was 200.93℃.Under the optimum conditions,the evolution of H2 in 4h could reach 4.2030 mL.

关键词： Water splitting Visible light Graphene-like photocatalyst Response surface methodology