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Impact on soil Organic C and Total.s.il N from Cool- and Warm-season legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping system

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Agricultural.s.iences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. cristine l.s. morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney Gerald R. smith Department of soil and Crop science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA Chief scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of soil and Crop science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern Us. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool.s.ason annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (sOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (Wsl) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (secale cereale l.) was planted following the incorporation of Wsl treatments. Eight cool.s.ason forage legumes (Csl) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of Csl treatments. sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and september, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion anal.s.s. Nylon mesh bags containing plant sampl.s.were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM hasup>-1sup>) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙hasup>-1sup>) and total C (3043 kg∙hasup>-1sup>) of the Wsl tested. Decomposition rate of Wsl biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum l. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesicul.s.m savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum l.) were the most productive Csl in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual legumes soil N soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping systems

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legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass sorghum Production

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Agricultural.s.iences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. cristine l. s. morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney Gerald R. smith Department of soil and Crop science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of soil and Crop science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) production systems on a lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum l.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (sOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (ClGM) and winter fallow (FAll) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPsR), and sorghum monocrop (sORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The ClGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPsR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to sORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in sOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass sorghum legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover soil Organic Carbon soil Nitrogen

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legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass sorghum Production

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Agricultural.s.iences（农业科学） 2024年第6期 605页

作者： Clark B.Neely Francis M.Rouquette Jr. cristine l.s.morgan Frank M.Hons William l.Rooney Gerald R.smith

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Impact on soil Organic C and Total.s.il N from Cool- and Warm-season legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping system

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Agricultural.s.iences（农业科学） 2024年第3期 333页

作者： Clark B.Neely Francis M.Rouquette Jr. cristine l.s.morgan Frank M.Hons William l.Rooney Gerald R.smith

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soil health: model programs in the UsA

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Frontiers of Agricultural.s.ience and Engineering 2020年第3期7卷 356-361页

作者： C.wayne honeycut cristine l.s.morgan pipa elias michael doane john mesko rob myers lakisha odom bianca moebius-clune ron nichols soil health institute morrisvillenc 27560usa the nature conservancy arlingtonva 22203usa soil health partnership chesterfieldmo 63005usa sustainable agriculture research and education columbiamo 65211usa foundation for food and agriculture research washingtondc 20004usa united states department of agriculture natural resources conservation servicewashingtondc 20250usa holly springs lane greensboronc 27455usa

Population growth, increasing drought, and natural resources degradation are significant global ***, management practices to improve soil health can address many of these issues in ways that are both good forthe farmer and the environment. In 2012, the United states Department of Agriculture (UsDA) Natural ResourcesConservation service initiated its“Unlock the secrets in the soil” campaign to assist farmers and ranchers with adoptingsoil health systems. Other notable efforts at the federal level include research and education projects by UsDAAgricultural Research service, National Instituite of Food and Agriculture, and sustainable Agriculture Research andEducation program. The importance of improving soil health is also recognized far beyond federal government *** soil Health Institute, a nonprofit charity, was establ.s.ed to safeguard and enhance the vitality and productivity of soilthrough scientific research and adoption. Crop commodity organizations are promoting soil health, such as the soil HealthPartnership. The Nature Conservancy is helping companies and private landowners incorporate soil health into theirsustainability efforts. such efforts are supported by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, as well as by someof the leading global food companies such as General Mil.s. These are just a few of the many efforts to improve soil healthin the UsA. The significance of the expanding global population, natural resource challenges, and responsibilities tocurrent and future generations truly make enhancing soil health a global imperative.

关键词： carbon sequestration climate change environmental quality farmer programs water quality

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Integrating small mammal community variabl.s.into aircraft–wildlife coll.s.on management plans at Namibian airports

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 515-530页

作者： morgan l.HAUPTFlEIsCH Nico l.AVENANT Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources sciences Polytechnic of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia Department of Mammalogy National Museumand Centre for Environmental ManagementUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa

Understanding ecosystems within and around airports can help to determine the causes and possible mitigation measures for coll.s.ons between aircraft and *** mammal communities are an important component of the semi-arid savanna ecosystems of Namibia,its productivity and its ecosystem *** are also a major direct attractant for raptors at *** present study compared the abundance and diversity of small mammals between Namibia’s 2 main airport properties(Hosea Kutako International Airport and Eros Airport),and among areas of land used for various purposes surrounding the airports.A total of 2150 small mammals(3 orders,11 species)were captured over 4 trapping *** mammal abundance was significantly higher at the end of the growing season than during the non-growing *** grass mowing regimen in current management plans at the airports resulted in a significant reduction of small mammal abundance at Hosea Kutako during the non-growing season only,thus indicating that annual mowing is effective but insufficient to reduce the overall abundance of mammal prey species for *** mammal numbers were significantly higher at Hosea Kutako Airport compared to the cattle and game farming land surrounding the airport,while no differences in small mammal densities or diversity were found for areas with different land uses at and surrounding *** study suggests that the fence around Hosea Kutako provides a refuge for small mammals,resulting in higher *** also indicates that different surrounding land use practices result in altered ecosystem function and productivity,an important consideration when identifying wildlife attractants at airports.

关键词： airport ecosystems bird strike risk Namibia small mammal indicators

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Understanding bark thickness variations for Araucaria angustifolia in southern Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1077-1087页

作者： Emanuel Arnoni Costa Veraldo liesenberg César Augusto Guimaraes Finger AndréFelipe Hess cristine Tagliapietra schons Graduate Program in Forest Engineering Santa Catarina State University(UDESC)LagesSC 88520-000Brazil Department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Uberlandia(UFU)Monte CarmeloMG 38500-000Brazil Graduate Program in Forest Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria(UFSM)Santa MariaRS 97105-900Brazil Graduate Program in Agroecosystems Federal Technological University of Parana(UFTPR)Dois VizinhosPR 85660-000Brazil

This study aimed to understand bark thickness variations of Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze trees growing in natural forest remnants in southern Brazil,and their relationship with quantitative and qualitative *** thickness must be accurately estimated in order to determine timber volume *** is an important variable for the sustainable management and conservation of araucaria *** spite of its importance and visibility,bark thickness variations have not been evaluated for this key species in southern Brazil.A total of 104 trees were selected,and their qualitative and quantitative attributes such as diameter at breast height(D_(BH)),height(H),crown base height(C_(BH)),crown length(C_(l)),social position(s_(P)),stoniness(s_(T)),position on the relief(P_(R)),vitality(V_T)and branch arrangement(B_(A))were *** trees were categorized into two groups:red bark or gray *** anal.s.s and artificial neural networks(ANN)were used for modelling bark *** resul.s.indicate that:(1)bark thickness showed good correlation to D_(BH),with 0.76 as coefficient of determination(Rs_P),0.540 as Mean Absolute Error(M_(AE))and 22.4 root-meansquare error in percentage(R_(MsE%));(2)the trend changed according to bark colour,with significant differences for the intersection(_0–Pr>F:p=0.0124)and slope(β_(1)–Pr>F:p=0.0126)of bark thickness curves between groups;(3)the highest correlation of bark thickness was found with:D_(BH)(ρ=0.88),H(ρ=0.58),C_(BH)(ρ=0.46),s_(P)(ρ=-0.52),and B_(A)(ρ=-0.32);(4)modelling with ANN confirmed high adjustment(R^(2)=0.99)and accuracy(R_(MsE%)=3.0)of the *** is an efficient and robust technique for the modelling of various qualitative and quantitative attributes commonly used in forest *** effective use of ANN to estimate araucaria bark in natural forests reinforces its potential,besides the possibility of application for other forest species.

关键词： Dendrometry attributes Crown characteristics Prediction models Bark factor Parana-pine

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Chaperone proteins as ameliorators of α-synuclein-induced synaptic pathologies: insights into Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1198-1199页

作者： susan M.l.Banks Audrey T.Medeiros Rui sousa Eileen M.lafer Jennifer R.morgan Department of Biology Florida Southern CollegeLakelandFLUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Biochemistry and structural Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology&Tissue Engineering Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA

α-synuclein accumulation causes synaptic vesicle trafficking defects and may underlie neurodegenerative disorders:Neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and other synucleinopathies,impact the lives of millions of patients and their *** include PD,dementia with lewy Bodies(DlB),multiple system atrophy,and several Alzheimer’s Disease *** are clinically characterized by intracellular incl.s.ons called lewy Bodies,which are rich in atypical aggregates of the protein α-*** dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are particularly susceptible toα-synuclein-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration,glutamatergic neurons in other brain regions(***)are also frequently affected in PD and other synucleinopathies(schulz-schaeffer 2010).

关键词： cortex Alzheimer insight

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Acrylamide fragment inhibitors that induce unprecedented conformational distortions in enterovirus 713C and sARs-CoV-2 main protease

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2022年第10期12卷 3924-3933页

作者： Bo Qin Gregory B.Craven Pengjiao Hou Julian Chesti Xinran lu Emma s.Child Rhodri M.l.morgan Wenchao Niu lina Zhao Alan Armstrong David J.Mann sheng Cui NHC Key laboratory of systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100076China Department of life sciences Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondon W120BZUK CAs Key laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

RNA viruses are critically dependent upon virally encoded proteases to cleave the viral polyproteins into functional *** of these proteases exhibit a similar fold and contain an essential catalytic cysteine,offering the opportunity to inhibit these enzymes with electrophilic small *** we describe the successful application of quantitative irreversible tethering(qIT)to identify acrylamide fragments that target the active site cysteine of the 3C protease(3Cpro)of Enterovirus 71,the causative agent of hand,foot and mouth disease in humans,altering the substrate binding ***,we re-purpose these hits towards the main protease(Mpro)of sARs-CoV-2 which shares the 3C-like fold and a similar active *** hit fragments covalently link to the catalytic cysteine of Mpro to inhibit its *** demonstrate that targeting the active site cysteine of Mpro can have profound all.s.eric effects,distorting secondary structures to disrupt the active dimeric unit.

关键词： sARs-CoV-2 Protease inhibitors Covalent fragments All.s.eric inhibition EV71

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Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture

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Chinese science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1636-1642页

作者： ZHANG DongJu CHEN FaHu BETTINGER R l BARTON l JI DuXue morgan C WANG Hui CHENG XiaoZhong DONG GuangHui GUIlDERsON T P ZHAO Hui Key laboratory of West China's Environmental.s.stem (MOE) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of sociology Social Work and Anthropology Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA Gansu Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Lanzhou 730000 China Preservation Institute ofDadiwan Qin'an 741600 China Center for Accelerator Mass spectrometry Lawrence Liverrnore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA Key laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper reports the recent excavation of Unit Dadiwan06 at the Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu.A 65 ka chronological framework is establ.s.ed for Dadiwan06 on the basis of absolute dating (AMs 14C and Osl), stratigraphy, climate change events and *** distributions reveal patterns of human behavioral variation and adaptation over the past 60 ka, from primitive hunting and gathering to advanced hunting and gathering, to primitive Neolithic agriculture, and finally to advanced Neolithic agriculture.

关键词：原始农业考古学大地新石器时代起源小米年代框架气候变化

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