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Neurogenesis in the adult olfactory bulb

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第8期6卷 575-600页

作者： Angela Pignatelli cristina Gambardella Ottorino Belluzzi Dipartimento di Biologia ed evoluzione Università degli Studi di FerraraItaly Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze Sezione di FerraraItaly

Neurogenesis is the process by which cells divide, migrate, and subsequently differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Significant rates of neurogenesis persist into adulthood in two brain regions, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Cells of the subventricular zone divide and migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into granule and pefiglomerular cells. With the discovery of large-sca^e neurogenesis in the adult brain, there have been significant efforts to identify the mechanisms that control this process as well as the role of these cells in neuronal functioning. Although many questions remain unanswered, new insights appear daily about adult neurogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and the fates of the progeny. In this review we highlight the main studies investigating factors that regulate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, neuronal migration to the olfactory bulb, neuronal integration into the existing bulbar network and shortly discuss the functional meaning of this process.

关键词： stem cells adult neurogenesis olfactory bulb rostral migratory stream subventricular zone

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis in children: A challenge for pediatric hepatologists

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作者： Jack e. davis.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第33期18卷 4470-4473页

作者： Priscila Menezes Ferri Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira Débora Marques Miranda Ana cristina Sim■es e Silva Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Pediatrics School Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais 30130-100 Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais 30130-100 Brazil

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disorder that is rare in children and adolescents. AIH has a broad clinical spectrum and a quick response to treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication. The available diagnosis criteria have limitations and should be evaluated in pediatric populations. Recently, some studies reported that the 2008 simplified diagnostic criteria for AIH could be used in children with high sensibility and specificity. In addition, the authors reported that globulin and immunoglobulin G levels can be used interchangeably for diagnostic purposes. They also demonstrated that the 2008 simplified criteria fail in identifying patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Here, we discuss the limitations of the use of these criteria in pediatric patients and the requirement of more studies to improve the diagnosis of AIH in children.

关键词： Child Autoimmune hepatitis Liver diseases Diagnosis Autoimmunity

Boll weevils in dry bolls:is there a performance disadvantage?

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第3期7卷 243-252页

作者： COeLHO Beatriz S. LeITe Suzany A. SANTOS Mateus P.dos MATeS eloito C.de MORAeS Beatriz M.L.de BASTOS cristina S. GUeDeS Raul N.C. MOReIRA Aldenise A. CASTeLLANI Maria A. Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da BahiaVitória da ConquistaBA 45031‑900Brazil Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária Universidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDF 70910‑900Brazil Departamento de entomologia Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG 36570‑900Brazil Pós‑GraduaCão em Agronomia(Fitotecnia) Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da BahiaVitória da ConquistaBA 45031‑900Brazil

Background Anthonomus grandis grandis is the main cotton pest in the Americas,with the potential to become a pest in other *** insect uses the plant's reproductive organs for feeding,oviposition,and survival strategies in the off-season,sheltering in dry *** study aimed to know the reproductive potential,feeding,longevity,and morphometric characteristics of boll weevils from dry bolls,squares,and *** were obtained from infested squares,dry bolls,and traps installed in cotton fields and the Caatinga *** weevil pairs were maintained in the laboratory to assess the oviposition,feeding holes,longevity,and morphometric measurements of the parental and F_(1) *** In the parental generation,boll weevils from traps(the Caatinga area and cotton cultivation)showed greater reproductive *** weevils from squares and the Caatinga area showed greater feeding activity compared with those from cotton *** rostrum length,thorax+abdomen length,and abdomen width were observed in boll weevils from cotton cultivation and dry *** origin of boll weevils parental generation did not affect progeny emergence *** F_(1) generation of boll weevils showed significant differences in average longevity depending on the origin of different ***,differences in rostrum lengths were observed,with the boll weevils coming from traps installed in cotton cultivation,the Caatinga area,and dry bolls being the *** thorax+abdomen length and abdomen width,the highest values were observed in those from the Caatinga area and cotton *** It was proven that dry bolls did not affect the reproductive,feeding,and longevity performance of boll weevils,enabling better insect fitness(reproduction and size)in relation to those coming from *** use of dry bolls as off-season shelter is an important survival strategy for the boll weevil.

关键词： Anthonomus grandis grandis Gossypium hirsutum Off-season Survival

Development of a multiprimer metabarcoding approach to understanding trophic interactions in agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1195-1210页

作者： Ivan Batuecas Oscar Alomar cristina Castañe Josep Piñol Stéphane Boyer Lorena Gallardo-Montoya Nuria Agustí IRTA Sustainable Plant ProtectionCabrilsBarcelonaSpain Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain CReAF Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte(IRBI) Tours UniversityToursFrance

To understand trophic interactions and the precise ecological role of each predatory species,it is important to know which arthropod and plant resources are used by generalist predators in *** approaches,such as the use of high-throughput sequencing(HTS),play a key role in identifying these *** study develops a multiprimer metabarcoding approach for screening the most common trophic interactions of two predatory arthropods with contrasting morphologies,Rhagonycha fulva(Coleoptera:Cantharidae)and Anthocoris nemoralis(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)collected from a peach *** reduce the time and cost of this metabarcoding approach,we first evaluated the effect of using two different predator-pools of different size(10 and 23 individuals of the same species).We also used our system to analyze the performance of one and two primer pairs in the same *** results show that the analysis of 23 individuals together with the use of two primer pairs in the same library optimize the HTS *** these best-performing conditions,we then analyzed the entire bodies of field-collected predators as well as the washing solutions used to clean the insect *** were able to identify both gut content(i.e.,diet)and external pollen load(i.e.,on the insects’bodies).This study also demonstrates the importance of washing predatory insects’bodies prior to HTS analysis when the target species have a considerable size(>10 mm)and hairy *** metabarcoding approach has significant potential for the study of trophic links in agriculture,revealing expected and unexpected trophic relationships.

关键词： high-throug hput sequencing metabarcoding molecular diet analysis multiprimer approach predatory arthropods trophic interactions

Mapping forest vegetation patterns in an Atlantic-Mediterranean transitional area by integration of ordination and geostatistical techniques

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Journal of Plant ecology 2018年第1期11卷 114-122页

作者： Adriana e.Olthoff cristina Gómez Josu G.Alday Carolina Martínez-Ruiz ecology Area Agroforestry Sciences DepartmentE.T.S.II.AA.University of ValladolidAvda.Madrid 5034071 PalenciaSpain Department of Geography and environment School of GeoscienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UEUK Department of Forest Systems and Resources CIFOR-INIACtra.de La Coruña km 7.528040 MadridSpain Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTeCNIO Center University of Lleida25198 LleidaSpain Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid-INIAE.T.S.II.AA.Avda.Madrid 5034071 PalenciaSpain

Aims Forest vegetation variability may be explained by the complex inter-play among several spatial structuring factors,including climate and *** modelled the spatial variability of forest vegetation assemblages and significant environmental variables along a com-plex environmental gradient or coenocline to produce a detailed cartographic database portraying the distribution of forests along *** We combined an analysis of ordination coenoclines with kriging over 772 field data plots from the third Spanish National Forest Inventory in an Atlantic-Mediterranean transitional area(northern Spain).Important Findings The best fitted empirical semivariogram revealed a strong spatial structure of forest species composition along the complex envi-ronmental gradient considered(the climatic-topographic gradient from north to south).The steady and gradual increase of semivari-ance with a marked lag distance indicates a gradual turnover of forest assemblages according to the climatic-topographic vari-ations(regional or local).Two changes in the slope of the semi-variogram suggest the existence of two different scales of spatial *** interpolation map by Kriging of forest vegetation assemblages along the main coenocline shows a clear spatial dis-tribution pattern of trees and shrubs in accordance with the spa-tial variation of significant environmental *** concluded that the multivariate geostatistical approach is a suitable technique for spatial analysis of forest systems employing data from national forest inventories based on a regular network of field *** development of an assortment of maps describing changes in veg-etation assemblages and variation in environmental variables is expected to be a suitable tool for an integrated forest management and planning.

关键词： coenocline Kriging National Forest Inventory ordination variogram

Biomechanical modeling of metal screw loadings on the human vertebra

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第2期37卷 307-320页

作者： Leonardo Molinari cristina Falcinelli Alessio Gizzi Alberto Di Martino Department of engineering Campus Bio-Medico University of RomeVia A.del Portillo 21Rome 00128Italy Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science DIBINeM University of BolognaBolognaItaly 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly

During spinal fusion surgery,angled screw insertion can provide a more favorable stress distribution reducing failure events(screw breakage and loosening).Finite element(Fe)analysis can be employed for identifying the optimal insertion path,preventing stress concentrations,and ensuring a lower failure *** this work,a patient-specific Fe model of L4 vertebra,virtually implanted with two pedicle screws,was obtained from diagnostic images and numerically *** elastic,inhomogeneous,and isotropic material properties were assigned to bone based on density distributions reconstructed from the medical *** mechanical response of the screws-vertebra system was analyzed through a progressive damage procedure,considering a stress-based *** screws insertion angles were simulated,as well as physiological loading *** each loading case,screw orientation influences the fracture mechanism(i.e.,brittle or ductile one),as well as the fracture pattern and ***,stresses in trabecular bone and pedicle screws are significantly affected by the screw *** caudomedial trajectory indicates the most safe case,significantly reducing the stress concentrations in both trabecular bone and *** findings aim to furnish a useful indication to surgeons regarding the screws insertion angle,further reducing the failure risk and improving the clinical outcome of the fixation procedure.

关键词： Fracture mechanics Patient-specific Fe modeling Vertebra mechanics Screw orientation Stress analysis

Renin angiotensin system in liver diseases: Friend or foe?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3396-3406页

作者： Ana cristina Simoes e Silva Aline S Miranda Natália P Rocha Antonio L Teixeira Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation Faculty of MedicineUFMG Laboratory of Neurobiology Department of MorphologyInstitute of Biological SciencesUFMG Neuropsychiatry Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

In the last three decades,the understanding of the renin angiotensin system(RAS)has been changed by the discoveries of functional local systems,novel biologically active peptides,additional specific receptors,alternative pathways of angiotensin(Ang)?Ⅱ?generation,and new roles for enzymes and precursor components other than those in Ang?Ⅱ?*** this regard,the discovery that Ang-(1-7)opposes the pressor,proliferative,pro-fibrotic,and pro-inflammatory effects mediated by Ang?Ⅱ?has contributed to the realization that the RAS is composed of two *** first axis consists of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACe),with Ang?Ⅱ?as the end product,and the angiotensin type 1(AT1)receptor as the main effector mediating the biological actions of Ang?Ⅱ.The second axis results from ACe2-mediated hydrolysis of Ang?Ⅱ,leading to the production of Ang-(1-7),with the Mas receptor as the main effector conveying the vasodilatory,antiproliferative,anti-fibrotic,and anti-inflammatory effects of Ang-(1-7).experimental and clinical studies have shown that both axes of the RAS may take part in the pathogenesis of liver *** this manuscript,we summarize the current evidence regarding the role of RAS in hepatic cirrhosis and its complications,including hemodynamic changes and hepatorenal *** therapeutic potential of the modulation of RAS molecules in liver diseases is also discussed.

关键词： Renin angiotensin system Angiotensin Ⅱ Angiotensin-(1-7) Hepatic cirrhosis Liver fibrosis Hepatorenal syndrome

Towards global coverage of gridded parameterization for CLImate GeNerator(CLIGeN)

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Big earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 142-165页

作者： Andrew T.Fullhart Guillermo e.Ponce-Campos Menberu B.Meles Ryan P.McGehee Haiyan Wei Gerardo Armendariz Shea Burns David C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and Biosystems engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

Stochastic weather generators create time series that reproduce key weather dynamics present in long-term *** dataset detailed herein is a large-scale gridded parameterization for CLImate GeNerator(CLIGeN)that fills spatial gaps in the coverage of existing regional CLIGeN parameterizations,thereby obtaining near-global availability of combined *** dataset primarily covers countries north of 40°latitude with 0.25°spatial *** CLIGeN parameters were estimated based on 20-year records from four popular global climate *** parameters were statistically downscaled to estimate point-scale values,while point-scale temperature and solar radiation parameters were approximated by direct calculation from high-resolution *** parameter values were used in some cases,such as with wind ***-validation was done to assess the downscaling approach for six precipitation parameters using known point-scale values from ground-based CLIGeN *** parameter values were derived from daily accumulation records at 7,281 stations and high temporal resolution records at 609 *** sensitive parameters,monthly average storm accumulation and maximum 30-minute intensity,were shown have RMSe values of 1.48 mm and 4.67 mm hr^(−1),*** precipitation and the annual number of days with precipitation occurrence were both within 5%of ground-based parameterizations,effectively improving climate data availability.

关键词： Agriculture climate hydrology soil erosion stochastic weather generator