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Shaping Small Bioactive Molecules to Untangle Their Biological Function： A Focus on Fluorescent Plant Hormones

Molecular Plant 2016年第8期9卷 1099-1118页

作者： Beatrice Lace cristina prandi Department of Chemistry University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy

Modern biology overlaps with chemistry in explaining the structure and function of all cellular processes at the molecular level. Plant hormone research is perfectly located at the interface between these two disciplines, taking advantage of synthetic and computational chemistry as a tool to decipher the complex biological mechanisms regulating the action of plant hormones. These small signaling molecules regulate a wide range of developmental processes, adapting plant growth to ever changing environmental conditions. The synthesis of small bioactive molecules mimicking the activity of endogenous hormones allows us to unveil many molec- ular features of their functioning, giving rise to a new field, plant chemical biology. In this framework, fluores- cence labeling of plant hormones is emerging as a successful strategy to track the fate of these challenging molecules inside living organisms. Thanks to the increasing availability of new fluorescent probes as well as advanced and innovative imaging technologies, we are now in a position to investigate many of the dynamic mechanisms through which plant hormones exert their action. Such a deep and detailed comprehension is mandatory for the development of new green technologies for practical applications. In this review, we sum- marize the results obtained so far concerning the fluorescent labeling of plant hormones, highlighting the basic steps leading to the design and synthesis of these compelling molecular tools and their applications.

关键词： plant hormones fluorescent labeling fluorescent strigolactone analogs labeled bioactive com-pounds fluorescence imaging

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Strigolactone Analogs as Molecular Probes in Chasing the （SLs） Receptor/s： Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Labeled Molecules

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 113-127页

作者： cristina prandi Helena Rosso Beatrice Lace Ernesto G. Occhiatot Alberto Oppedisano Silvia Tabasso Gabriele Alberto Marco Blangetti Dipartimento di Chimica-Universita di Torino via R Giuria 7 10127 Torino Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Viale Mattioli 25 10125 Torino Italy Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff' Universita di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland

Originally identified as allelochemicals involved in plant-parasite interactions, more recently, Strigolactones （SLs） have been shown to play multiple key roles in the rhizosphere communication between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Even more recent is the hormonal role ascribed to SLs which broadens the biological impact of these relatively simple molecules. In spite of the crucial and multifaceted biological role of SLs, there are no data on the receptor（s） which bind（s） such active molecules, neither in the producing plants nor in parasitic weeds or AM fungi. Information about the putative receptor of SLs can be gathered by means of structural, molecular, and genetic approaches. Our contribution on this topic is the design and synthesis of fluorescent labeled SL analogs to be used as probes for the detection in vivo of the receptor（s）. Knowledge of the putative receptor structure will boost the research on analogs of the natural substrates as required for agricultural applications.

关键词： strigolactones parasitic weeds mycorrhizal fungi receptor fluorescence.

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Structure-Function Relations of Strigolactone Analogs： Activity as Plant Hormones and Plant Interactions

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 141-152页

作者： Maja Cohen cristina prandi Ernesto G. Occhiato Silvia Tabasso Smadar Wininger Nathalie Resnick Yosef Steinberger Hinanit Koltai Yoram Kapulnik Institute of Plant Sciences ARO Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel Dipartirnento di Chimica Universita di l:orino via R Giuria 7 10125 TorinoItaly Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff' Universita degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 13 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy

Strigolactones （SLs） have several functions as signaling molecules in their interactions with symbiotic arbus- cular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. SLs are also a new class of plant hormone regulating plant development. In all three organisms, a specific and sensitive receptor-mediated perception system is suggested. By comparing the activity of synthetic SL analogs on Arabidopsis root-hair elongation, Orobanche aegypti- aca seed germination, and hyphal branching of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices, we found that each of the tested organisms differs in its response to the various examined synthetic SL analogs. Structure-function relations of the SL analogs suggest substitutions on the A-ring as the cause of this variation. Moreover, the description of competitive antagonistic analogs suggests that the A-ring of SL can affect not only affinity to the receptor, but also the molecule＇s ability to activate it. The results support the conclusion that Arabidopsis, Orobanche, and AM fungi possess variations in receptor sensitivity to SL analogs, probably due to variation in SL receptors among the different species.

关键词： strigolactone Arabidopsis Orobanche AM fungus Glomus intraradices root hair seed germination hyphalbranching.

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