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The Role of PIN Auxin Efflux Carriers in Polar Auxin Transport and Accumulation and Their Effect on Shaping Maize Development

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 787-798页

作者： cristian forestan serena varotto Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Science--University of Padova Viale dell'Universita 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy

In plants, proper seed development and the continuing post-embryonic organogenesis both require that dif- ferent cell types are correctly differentiated in response to internal and external stimuli. Among internal stimuli, plant hormones and particularly auxin and its polar transport （PAT） have been shown to regulate a multitude of plant phys- iological processes during vegetative and reproductive development. Although our current auxin knowledge is almost based on the results from researches on the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana, during the last few years, many studies tried to transfer this knowledge from model to crop species, maize in particular. Applications of auxin transport inhibitors, mutant characterization, and molecular and cell biology approaches, facilitated by the sequencing of the maize genome, allowed the identification of genes involved in auxin metabolism, signaling, and particularly in polar auxin transport. PIN auxin efflux carriers have been shown to play an essential role in regulating PAT during both seed and post-embryonic development in maize. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent findings on PIN-mediated polar auxin transport during maize development. Similarities and differences between maize and Arabidopsis are analyzed and discussed, also considering that their different plant architecture depends on the differentiation of structures whose development is con- trolled by auxins.

关键词： auxin PIN-formed auxin efflux carrier PAT Polar Auxin Transport kernel development meristem organ-ogenesis Zea mays.

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Effectiveness of very low-volume preparation for colonoscopy:A prospective, multicenter observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第16期26卷 1950-1961页

作者： Marcello Maida Emanuele Sinagra Gaetano cristian Morreale Sandro Sferrazza Giuseppe Scalisi Dario Schillaci Marco Ventimiglia Fabio Salvatore Macaluso Giovanni Vettori Giuseppe Conoscenti Concetta Di Bartolo serena Garufi Domenico Catarella Michele Manganaro Clara Maria Virgilio Salvatore Camilleri Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit S.Elia-Raimondi HospitalCaltanissetta 93100Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Istituto San Raffaele GiglioCefalu 90015Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Santa Chiara HospitalTrento 38014Italy Gastroenterology Unit ARNAS GaribaldiCatania 95100Italy Gastroenterology Unit Basarocco HospitalNiscemi 93015CaltanissettaItaly Department of Internal Medicine Villa Sofia-Cervello HospitalPalermo 90100Italy

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of colonoscopy strictly depends on adequate bowel ***,a 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate(PEG-ASC)solution(Plenvu;Norgine,Harefield,United Kingdom)has been introduced on the evidence of three phase-3 randomized controlled trials,but it had never been tested in the *** To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of the 1 L preparation compared to 4 L and 2 L-PEG solutions in a real-life *** All patients undergoing a screening or diagnostic colonoscopy after a 4,2 or 1 L PEG preparation,were consecutively enrolled in 5 Italian centers from September 2018 to February *** primary endpoints of the study were the assessment of bowel cleansing success and high-quality cleansing of the right *** secondary endpoints were the evaluation of tolerability,adherence and safety of the different bowel *** cleansing was assessed through the Boston Bowel Preparation *** was defined as consumption of at least 75%of each dose,while tolerability was evaluated through a semiquantitative *** was systematically monitored through adverse events *** Overall,1289 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the *** these,490 patients performed a 4 L-PEG preparation(Selgesse^■),566 a 2 L-PEG cleansing(Moviprep^■or Clensia^■)and 233 a 1 L-PEG preparation(Plenvu^■).Bowel cleansing by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was 6.5±1.5 overall and 6.3±1.5,6.2±1.5,7.3±1.5(P<0.001)in the subgroups of 4 L,2 L and 1 L-PEG preparation,*** success was achieved in 72.4%,74.1%and 90.1%(P<0.001),while a high-quality cleansing of the right colon in 15.9%,12.0%and 41.4%(P<0.001)for 4 L,2 L and 1 L-PEG preparation groups,*** 1 L preparation was the most tolerated compared to the 2 and 4 L-PEG solutions in the absence of serious adverse events within any of the three *** regression models confirmed 1 L PEG-ASC preparation as an independ

关键词： Colonoscopy Bowel preparation Polyethylene glycol Polyethylene glycolplus ascorbate Effectiveness Tolerability

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Benefits of a root fungal endophyte on physiological processes and growth of the vulnerable legume tree Prosopis chilensis(Fabaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 264-271页

作者： Marcia González-Teuber Alejandro Urzúa Andrea Morales cristian Ibáñez Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy Max Planck Partner Group Departamento de Ciencias del AmbienteUniversidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile Laboratorio de Química Ecológica Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv.Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363SantiagoChile Departamento de Biología Universidad de La SerenaAv.Raúl Bitrán 1305La SerenaChile Departamento de Botánica Universidad de ConcepciónBarrio Universitario s/nConcepciónChile

Aims Desertification is a major concern in arid and semi-arid regions *** interactions between vulnerable plant spe-cies and associated microbial symbionts may have important appli-cations for conservation and restoration strategies in affected *** In this study,we evaluated the root-associated fungal endophyte community in Prosopis chilensis,a vulnerable and threatened arid-adapted tree of northern *** benefits in terms of physiologi-cal performance and plant growth were also *** fungi were isolated from asymptomatic roots by the culture method for molecular identification of the 18S rRNA *** dominant fungal endophyte(Penicillium sp.)in the community was later used in inoculation experiments to assess its effect on maximum quan-tum efficiency of photosystem II(_(PSII)),(Fv/Fm)actual _(PSII) efficiency(Φ_(PSII)),and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ).Total sugars,starch content,malonaldehyde(MDA),nitrogen content(%)and growth traits were also *** Findings WhereasΦ_(PSII) increased significantly in endophyte-inoculated plants,NPQ was found to *** effect of endophyte inocula-tion on sugars and MDA was detected,but starch content,leaf nitro-gen content,number of leaves and shoot biomass were found to *** revealed that inoculation of endophytic Penicillium fungal isolate can provide significant physiological benefits to the host plant *** presence resulted in greater _(PSII) efficiency and higher leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate content,enhancing host plant *** findings highlight the importance of consider-ing the fungal endophyte community of this vulnerable species as an important tool to the design of further revegetation and conserva-tion programs.

关键词： root endophytic fungi PSII efficiency nitrogen content plant growth promotion starch accumulation arid habitats

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