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Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第32期19卷 5381-5384页

作者： cristian cerda Miguel Bruguera Albert Parés Liver Unit Institute of Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesHospital Clínic Department of Medicine University of Barcelona

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are molecules involved in the formation of articular cartilage and are frequently used for symptom relief in patients with *** molecules are well tolerated with scarce secondary *** few cases of possible hepatotoxicity due to these substances have been *** aim of this paper is to report the frequency of presumed glucosamine hepatotoxicity in patients with liver disease.A questionnaire was given to 151 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease of different etiology(mean age 59 years,56.9%women)attended in an outpatient clinic with the aim of evaluating the frequency of consumption of these drugs and determine whether their use coincided with a worsening in liver function test ***-three patients(15.2%)recognized having taken products containing glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate previously or at the time of the *** of the clinical records and liver function tests identified 2 patients presenting an elevation in aminotransferase values temporarily associated with glucosamine treatment;one of the cases simultaneously presented a skin rash attributed to the *** of these two patients and the cases described in the literature suggest toxicity of glucosamine and chondroitin *** clinical spectrum is variable,and the mechanism of toxicity is not clear but may involve reactions of *** consumption of products containing glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate is frequent among patients with chronic liver diseases and should be taken into account on the appearance of alterations in liver function tests not explained by the underlying disease.

关键词： Toxic hepatitis Hepatotoxicity Glucosamine Chondroitin sulphate Osteoarthritis

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Positive interactions by cushion plants in high mountains:fact or artifact?

引用

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 117-123页

作者： Marco A.Molina-Montenegro Rómulo Oses Ian S.Acuña-Rodríguez cristian Fardella Ernesto I.Badano Patricio Torres-Morales Jorge Gallardo-cerda cristian Torres-Díaz Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de TalcaAvda.Lircay s/nTalcaChile Centro de Estudios Avanzados en ZonasÁridas(CEAZA) Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del NorteCoquimboChile División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaCamino a la Presa San José2055Colonia Lomas ta Sección CP 78216San Luis PotosíSLPMéxico 4 Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile Departamento Científico Instituto Antártico Chileno(INACH)Punta ArenasChile Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad(LGB) Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del Bío-BíoChillánChile

Positive interactions are defined as non-trophic interactions where at least one of the interacting species is benefited in terms of fitness and the other remains ***,the bidirectional feedbacks between species may be positive,neutral or ***,if facilitated species induce negative effects on their‘nurses’,the assumed definition of positive interactions could be *** We assessed if ecological interactions between cushions of Azorella madreporica and their facilitated species are ***,we tested if cover of facilitated species has any costs for cushion plants from an ecophysiological perspective,and if these costs increase with the amount of cover of facilitated *** addition,through pathway analysis and correlations,we assessed if cover and richness of facilitated species have a direct and/or indirect effect on the fitness of cushion *** Findings We found that facilitated plant species induced a significant cost for their nurses(cushion plants),and this cost increases with cover of the facilitated ***,the facilitated species exert a strong direct negative effect on the cushion’s fitness and a moderate indirect negative cost evident through the nutrient status and physiological performance of cushion *** thus contribute evidence that positive interactions between high mountain cushion plants of central Chile and their‘facilitated’species may be an artifact more than a fact,especially when bidirectional effects are considered;contrasting with the majority of studies that document only one side of the interaction.

关键词： cushion plants facilitation nurse effect positive interactions stress gradient hypothesis

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