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Control of the Dust Vertical Distribution over Western Africa by Convection and Scavenging

Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2024年第1期7卷 19-39页

作者： H.Senghor R.pilon B.Diallo J.escribano F.Hourdin J.Y.Grandpeix O.Boucher M.Gueye A.T.Gaye e.Machu National Agency of Civil Aviation and Meteorology PO BOX 8184Senegal Laboratory for Atmospheric-Oceanic Physics-Simeon Fongang Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar10700Senegal Laboratory of Dynamic Meteorology(LMD) CNRS/IPSL/UMPCParis75231France Atmospheric Composition Group Barcelona Supercomputing Center(BSC)Barcelona08034Spain Spatial and Physical Oceanography Laboratory(LOPS) Brest UniversityCNRSIRDPlouzane29280France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NiassePO BOX 55KaolackSenegal

Saharan dust represents more than 50%of the total desert dust emitted around the globe and its radiative effect significantly affects the atmospheric circulation at a continental *** studies on dust vertical distribution and the Saharan Air Layer(SAL)showed some shortcomings that could be attributed to imperfect representation of the effects of deep convection and *** authors investigate here the role of deep convective transport and scavenging on the vertical distribution of mineral dust over Western *** multi-year(2006-2010)simulations performed with the variable-resolution(zoomed)version of the LMDZ climate *** are compared with aerosol amounts recorded by the Aerosol Robotic Network(AeRONeT)and with vertical profiles of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)*** allows a thorough examination of the respective roles of deep convective transport,convective and stratiform scavenging,boundary layer transport,and advection processes on the vertical mineral dust distribution over Western *** comparison of simulated dust Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)and distribution with measurements suggest that scavenging in deep convection and subsequent re-evaporation of dusty rainfall in the lower troposphere are critical processes for explaining the vertical distribution of desert *** processes play a key role in maintaining a well-defined dust layer with a sharp transition at the top of the SAL and in establishing the seasonal cycle of dust *** vertical distribution is further reshaped offshore in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)over the Atlantic Ocean by marine boundary layer turbulent and convective transport and wet deposition at the surface.

关键词： Dust Vertical distribution Sahara Sahel West Africa Climate model Convection Scavenging ITCZ

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Copper Delivery by the Copper Chaperone for Chloroplast and Cytosolic Copper/Zinc- Superoxide Dismutases： Regulation and Unexpected Phenotypes in an Arabidopsis Mutant

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1336-1350页

作者： Christopher M. Cohu Salah e. Abdel-Ghany Kathryn A. Gogolin Reynolds Alexander M. Onofrio Jared R. Bodecker Jeffrey A. Kimbrel Krishna K. Niyogi Marinus pilon Biology Department Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1878 USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA

Copper （Cu） is an important mineral nutrient found in chloroplasts as a cofactor associated with plastocyanin and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase （Cu/ZnSOD）. Superoxide dismutases are metallo-enzymes found in most oxygenic organisms with proposed roles in reducing oxidative stress. Several recent studies in Arabidopsis have shown that microRNAs and a SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 （SPL7） transcription factor function to down-regulate the expression of many Cu-proteins, including Cu/ZnSOD in both plastids and the cytosol, during growth on low Cu. Plants contain the Cu Chaperone for SOD （CCS） that delivers Cu to Cu/ZnSODs, and, in Arabidopsis, both cytosolic and plastidic CCS versions are encoded by one gene. In this study, we demonstrate that Arabiclopsis CCS transcript levels are regulated by Cu, mediated by microRNA 398 that was not previously predicted to target CCS. The microRNA target site is conserved in CCS of Oryza sativa. The data suggest that Cu-regulated microRNAs may have more mRNA targets than was previously predicted. A CCS null mutant has no measurable SOD activity in the chloroplast and cytosol, indicating an absolute requirement for CCS. When the CCS null mutant was grown on high Cu media, it lacked both Fe superoxide dismutase （FeSOD） and Cu/ZnSOD activity. However, this did not lead to a visual phenotype and no photosynthetic deficiencies were detected, even after high light stress. These results indicate that Cu/ZnSOD is not a pivotal component of the photosynthetic anti-oxidant system during growth in laboratory conditions.

关键词： Chloroplast photosynthesis copper homeostasis superoxide dismutase microRNA.

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Safety and immunogenicity of a third dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine among cancer patients

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Cancer Communications 2023年第7期43卷 749-764页

作者： Anna Giuliano Barbara Kuter Shari pilon-Thomas Junmin Whiting Qianxing Mo Brett Leav Bradley Sirak Christopher Cubitt Christopher Dukes Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano Kayoko Kennedy Somedeb Ball Ning Dong Akriti Jain Patrick Hwu Jeffrey Lancet Department of Cancer epidemiology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA Moderna CambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Immunology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA Immune Monitoring Core Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA Non-Therapeutic Research Office(NTRO) Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA Department of Malignant Hematology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA

Background:Compared to the general population,cancer patients are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 *** immune response to a two-dose regimen ofmRNA vaccines in cancer patients is generally lower than in immunocompetent *** doses may meaningfully augment immune response in this *** conducted an observational study with the primary objective of determining the immunogenicity of vaccine dose three(100μg)of mRNA-1273 among cancer patients and a secondary objective of evaluating safety at 14 and 28 ***:The mRNA-1273 vaccine was administered~7 to 9 months after administering two vaccine doses(i.e.,the primary series).Immune responses(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[eLISA])were assessed 28 days post-dose *** events were collected at days 14(±5)and 28(+5)post-dose *** exact or X^(2)tests were used to compare SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rates,and paired t-tests were used to compare SARS-CoV-2 antibody geometric mean titers(GMTs)across different time ***:Among 284 adults diagnosed with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies,dose three of mRNA-1273 increased the percentage of patients seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibody from 81.7%pre-dose three to 94.4%28 days post-dose *** increased 19.0-fold(15.8-22.8).Patients with lymphoid cancers or solid tumors had the lowest and highest antibody titers post-dose three,*** responses after dose three were reduced among those who received anti-CD20 antibody treatment,had lower total lymphocyte counts and received anticancer therapy within 3 *** patients seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 antibody pre-dose three,69.2%seroconverted after dose three.A majority(70.4%)experienced mostly mild,transient adverse reactions within 14 days of dose three,whereas severe treatment-emergent events within 28 days were very rare(e three of the mRNA-1273 vaccine was well-tolerated and augmented SAR

关键词： Cancer Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunogenicity Observational study Vaccination

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Interaction of Seedling Germination, Planting Date, and Flumioxazin on Peanut Physiology under Irrigated Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 2012-2030页

作者： Nicholas L. Hurdle Timothy L. Grey cristia.e pilon W. Scott Monfort Donn G. Shilling Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA

Diclosulam and flumioxazin applied preemergent (PRe) results in direct peanut exposure to these herbicides prior to seedling emergence. Flumioxazin has been reported to induce injury in adverse weather (i.e. cool-wet soil conditions) at crop emergence. Research at Ty Ty and Plains, Georgia evaluated the physiological effects of PRE herbicides to emerging peanut in 2018 and 2019. Peanut seed with variable germination and different planting dates were evaluated as additional factors. Peanut plant physiological measurements included electron transport (ETR), net assimilation rate (Anet), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and stomatal conductance to water vapor (GSW). Data were obtained from V3 to R1 peanut growth stages using a LiCOR 6800, along with stand counts and plant width measures. In 2018, diclosulam reduced peanut ETR when measured across multiple growing degree days (GDD) after planting, compared to the nontreated control (NTC). Flumioxazin reduced peanut ETR compared to the NTC, at several sample timings for each planting date. In 2018 and 2019 at both locations, flumioxazin impacted Anet less than ETR, but was consistently similar to/or greater than the NTC. Peanut ΦPSII responded similarly as Anet at each location and yr. GSW was variable in both years<

关键词： Diclosulam Flumioxazin Peanut Arachis hypogaea L. Photosynthesis electron Transport

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