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Study of the wall adhesive tensile contact of moist iron ore bulk solids

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Particuology 2020年第3期18卷 67-75页

作者： Tao Fang Wei Chen Jens Plinke craig Wheeler Alan Roberts School of Civil Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China School of Engineering The University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308Australia

The adhesive tensile stress between moist bulk iron ore solids and wall surfaces are critical to control and avoid blockage in large throughput material handling *** this study,an experimental system was designed to investigate the adhesive tensile contact between a range of iron ore materials and wall lining *** contact mechanism between the material specimen and the wall surface was initially *** experimental results indicated that the adhesive tensile stress is dependent on both the moisture content and the applied major consolidation stress,with the former exhibiting more significant contribution to increasing the magnitude of *** surface roughness of the wall showed a negligible effect in determining the adhesive tensile ***,the iron ore sample with a higher fines content was observed to be able to achieve a higher adhesive tensile stress compared to the coarse ***,the insights resulting from the study demonstrated practical applicability through measures such as blending and/or beneficiation,which reduce the adhesive tensile stress and minimise blockages.

关键词： Wet sticky material Adhesive tensile stress Wall linings Liquid bridge force Capillary stress Soil texture

Delivering on the promise of gene editing for cystic fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2019年第2期6卷 97-108页

作者： craig A.Hodges Ronald A.Conlon Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

In this review,we describe a path for translation of gene editing into therapy for cystic fibrosis(CF).Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the CFTR gene,with one allele predominant in patient *** simple,genetic etiology makes gene editing appealing for treatment of this *** already have been success in applying this approach to cystic fibrosis in cell and animal models,although these advances have been modest in comparison to advances for other *** than six years after its first demonstration in animals,CRISPR/Cas gene editing is in early clinical trials for several *** clinical trials,thus far,attempt to edit genes in cells of the blood *** advantage of the blood is that the stem cells are known,can be isolated,edited,selected,expanded,and returned to the *** likely next trials will be in the liver,which is accessible to many delivery *** cystic fibrosis,the biggest hurdle is to deliver editors to other,less accessible *** outline a path by which delivery can be *** translation of new therapies doesn’t occur in isolation,and the development of gene editors is occurring as advances in gene therapy and small molecule therapeutics are being *** advances made in gene therapy may help develop delivery vehicles for gene editing,although major improvements are ***,the approval of effective small molecule therapies for many patients with cystic fibrosis will raise the bar for translation of gene editing.

关键词： CFTR gene CRISPR/Cas9 Cystic fibrosis Gene editing Gene therapy

Epidemiology of isolated foot burns in children presenting to a Queensland paediatric burns centre—a two-year study in warmer climate

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第1期5卷 58-63页

作者： Florence Ngu Bhaveshkumar Patel craig McBride Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burns Centre Department of Paediatric SurgeryLady Cilento Children’s Hospital501 Stanley StreetSouth Brisbane QLD 4101Australia Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research Queensland Children’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia

Background: European studies of paediatric foot burns report scalds as the leading cause. Mechanisms of injury are different in warmer climates. We sought to characterize the mechanisms and outcomes of isolated foot burns in our population. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of all children aged 0–15 years presenting to a Queensland paediatric burns centre over a 26-month period. Non-parametric analyses such as the Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Chi-square were used. Results: There were 218 children with foot burns treated over a period of 2 years and 2 months of which 214 had complete records. There were significantly more boys than girls (n=134, 62.6% cf. n=80, 37.4%, p<0.0001). The leading mechanism of injury was a contact burn accounting for 63.1% (n=135) followed by scalds (23.8%, n=51). Friction, flame and chemical burns were a minority but were significantly deeper (p=0.03) and significantly more likely to require grafting (p=0.04) and scar management (p<0.0001) compared to contact and scald burns. Conclusions: In our population, contact burns are the most common mechanism of injury causing burns to the feet. The leading aetiology is campfire burns, which account for one-third of all burns to the feet. Prevention campaigns targeted at this population could significantly reduce the burden of morbidity from these burns. Friction, flame and chemical burns constitute a minority of patients but are deeper and more likely to require skin grafting and scar management.

关键词： Epidemiology Foot burns Paediatric Scald Australia Campfire

Deep Volatiles as the Key for Energy and Environments of the Four-Dimensional Earth System

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 393-394页

作者： Ho-Kwang Mao craig M. Schiffries Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 China Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC 20015 USA

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and their compounds are volatile components that dominate the thin and fragile atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere on Earth’s habitable surface. However, the vast majority of these volatiles are hidden in the deep interior, where the high pressure–temperature conditions drastically and categorically alter the physics and chemistry of the volatiles. Like the bloodstream of an organism, the circulations and interactions of volatiles in the deep Earth modulate climate, resources, energy, natural hazards, and other factors that define the Earth as a unique living and changing planet.

关键词： Four-Dimensional Earth System Deep Volatiles

Conversion of soy molasses,soy solubles,and dried soybean carbohydrates into ethanol

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 62-68页

作者： craig C.Long William R.Gibbons Biology and Microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD57007 USA

Soy molasses and soy solubles are byproducts of the conventional soy protein concentrate and soy protein isolate manufacturing processes,*** of the carbohydrates in these byproducts into ethanol was *** amounts of commercial cellulase enzymes(Novozyme cellulase,β-glucosidase,and pectinase)were added to soy molasses and soy solubles solutions prepared at various solid loading rates(33%,50%,60%,75%,and 80%)to hydrolyze oligosaccharides,followed by fermentation for 96 h using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2034 and Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL ***-extracted soybean meal(SBM)carbohydrates were also fermented for 96 h without *** and *** produced about 12.5-45.0 g/L and 6.0-28.0 g/L ethanol,respectively,on molasses and solubles across these solid loading *** *** produced about 6.5-17 g/L ethanol and *** produced about 6.5-22 g/L ethanol on ethanol-extracted carbohydrates.

关键词： ethanol production soy molasses soy solubles oligosaccharides

Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 1094-1102页

作者： Ting-Hsuan Chen Romain Fardel craig B Arnold Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of MaterialsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

High-throughput laser micro-machining demands precise control of the laser beam position to achieve optimal efficiency,but existing methods can be both time-consuming and *** this paper,we demonstrate a new high-throughput micromachining technique based on rapidly scanning the laser focal point along the optical axis using an acoustically driven variable focal length *** results show that this scanning method enables higher machining rates over a range of defocus distances and that the effect becomes more significant as the laser energy is *** a specific example of silicon,we achieve a nearly threefold increase in the machining rate,while maintaining sharp side walls and a small spot *** method has great potential for improving the micro-machining efficiency of conventional systems and also opens the door to applying laser machining to workpieces with uneven topography that have been traditionally difficult to process.

关键词： high-efficiency micro-machining laser material processing TAG lens ultrafast z-scanning

Constraining Design:Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 30-41页

作者： craig K.Allison Neville A.Stanton Solent University East Park TerraceSouthampton SO140YNUK Transportation Research Group University of SouthamptonBoldrewood Innovation CampusSouthampton SO167QFUK

The design with intent(DwI)toolkit assists designers in creating novel designs and ***,however,is not constrained to any degree,making it impossible to know whether the produced designs adequately account for users’*** contrast,cognitive work analysis(CWA)is a human factors research tool that seeks to map a system and account for users’needs,yet does not provide clear guidelines for progressing such analysis into workable designs with which users can *** paper seeks to present a proof-of-concept investigation to demonstrate that DwI can be suitably constrained and validated by insights gained from ***,in turn,benefits by having a suitable toolkit for progressing *** teams of individuals without design backgrounds were able to develop mock-up in-vehicle interfaces aimed at reducing fuel *** teams were able to use DwI toolkit to articulate the genesis of their ideas,which in turn could be directly linked to system needs identified within CWA.

关键词： Design with intent Cognitive work analysis Interface design Eco-driving

Unified methodology for site-characterization and sampling of highway runoff

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 47-58页

作者： Jy S.WU craig J.ALLAN Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA 2 Department of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

Hydrology,roadway traffic conditions,and atmospheric deposition are three essential data categories for the planning and implementation of highway-runoff monitoring and characterization *** variables pertaining to each data category could be site specific but have been shown to correlate with runoff pollutant *** data categories were combined to derive statistical relationships for characterization and prioritization of the respective pollutant loads at highway runoff *** runoff data of total suspended solids(TSS),total dissolved solid(TDS),chemical oxygen demand(COD),total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)and total phosphorus(TP)collected from three highway sites in Charlotte,North Carolina,USA,were used to illustrate the development of site-specific highway-runoff pollutant loading *** unified methodology provides a basis for initial assessment of the pollutant-constituent loads from highway runoff using hydrologic component *** reliability is achievable when additional traffic and/or atmospheric component variables are incorporated into the basic hydrologic regression *** addition,operational guidance is suggested for implementing highway-runoff monitoring programs that are subject to sampling and resources constraints.

关键词： highway runoff pollutant loads regression models non-point source pollution storm water permit

Groundwater Recharge and Mixing in Arid and Semiarid Regions:Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 971-987页

作者： CAO Guoliang ZHENG Chunmiao craig T.SIMMONS Institute of Water Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of the Environment&National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training Adelaide SA 5001Australia School of Environmental Science and Engineering South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518055China Department of Geological Sciences University ofAlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA

A sound understanding of groundwater recharged from various sources occurring at different time scales is crucial for water management in arid and semi-arid river basins. Groundwater recharge sources and their geochemical evolution are investigated for the Heihe River Basin （HRB） in northwest China on the basis of a comprehensive compilation of geochemical and isotopic data. Geochemical mass- balance modeling indicates that mountain-block recharge accounts for a small fraction （generally less than 5%） of the shallow and deep groundwater sustaining the oasis, whereas infiltration of rivers and irrigation water contribute most of the groundwater recharge. Dedolomitization is the primary process responsible for the changes in groundwater chemical and carbon isotope compositions from the piedmont to the groundwater discharge zone, where the dedolomitization is very likely enhanced by modern agricultural activities affecting the shallow groundwater quality. Analysis of radioactive isotopes suggests that these primary recharge sources occur at two different time scales. Radiocarbon-derived groundwater age profiles indicate a recharge rate of approximately 12 mm/year, which probably occurred during 2000-7000 years B.P., corresponding to the mid-Holocene humid period. The recharge of young groundwater on the tritium-dated time scale is much higher, about 360 mm/year in the oasis region. Infiltration from irrigation canals and irrigation return flow are the primary contributors to the increased young groundwater recharge. This study suggests that groundwater chemistry in the HRB has been influenced by the complex interaction between natural and human-induced geochemical processes and that anthropogenic effects have played a more significant role in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality.

关键词： Heihe River Basin groundwater recharge groundwater mixing isotope hydrology