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Radical innovation breakthroughs of biodegradation of plastics by insects:history,present and future perspectives

Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第6期18卷 127-165页

作者： Shan-Shan Yang Wei-Min Wu Federica Bertocchini Mark eric Benbow Suja P.Devipriya Hyung Joon Cha Bo-Yu Peng Meng-Qi Ding Lei He Mei-Xi Li Chen-Hao Cui Shao-Nan Shi Han-Jun Sun Ji-Wei Pang Defu He Yalei Zhang Jun Yang Deyi Hou De-Feng Xing Nan-Qi Ren Jie Ding craig S.Criddle State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Civil and environmental engineering William&Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery CenterStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Plasticentropy rue Thiers 28Reims 51100France Department of entomology and Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and TechnologyKochi 682022India Department of Chemical engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea School of environmental Science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China energy Conservation and environmental Protection Group CECEP Talroad Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100096China School of ecological and environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Insects damaging and penetrating plastic packaged materials has been reported since the *** innovation breakthroughs of plastic biodegradation have been initiated since the discovery of biodegradation of plastics by Tenebrio molitor larvae in 2015 followed by Galleria mellonella in *** we review updated studies on the insect-mediated biodegradation of *** biodegradation by insect larvae,mainly by some species of darkling beetles(Tenebrionidae)and pyralid moths(Pyralidae)is currently a highly active and potentially transformative area of *** the past eight years,publications have increased explosively,including discoveries of the ability of different insect species to biodegrade plastics,biodegradation performance,and the contribution of host and microbiomes,impacts of polymer types and their physic-chemical properties,and responsible enzymes secreted by the host and gut *** date,almost all major plastics including polyethylene(Pe),polypropylene(PP),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyethylene terephthalate(PeT),polyurethane(PUR),and polystyrene(PS)can be biodegraded by *** and ten other insect species representing the Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae *** biodegradation processes are symbiotic reactions or performed by synergistic efforts of both host and gut-microbes to rapidly depolymerize and biodegrade plastics with hourly *** digestive ezymens and bioreagents screted by the insects play an essential role in plasatic biodegradation in certain species of Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae *** research on the insect itself,gut microbiomes,transcriptomes,proteomes and metabolomes has evaluated the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation in *** conclude this review by discussing future research perspectives on insect-mediated biodegradation of plastics.

关键词： Plastics Biodegradation Insects Gut microbiomes enzymes

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J england Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia east Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,euroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALReADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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Combined aqueous misdirection and persistent choroidal effusions following implantation of a Preserflo Micro Shunt

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2023年第4期16卷 652-655页

作者： Huzaifa Malick craig Wilde Richard e Stead University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester Royal InfirmaryInfirmary SquareLeicesterLE15WW***United Kingdom Queens Medical Centre Derby RoadNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom

AIM:To describe a case of aqueous misdirection complicated by subsequent persistent choroidal effusions following implantation of a Preserflo Micro Shunt(PMS)device to treat advanced closed angle ***:A 67-year-old caucasian female with advanced primar y angle-closure glaucoma on four medications with an intraocular pressure(IOP)of 26 mm Hg was listed for a PMS insertion with mitomycin C(MMC).ReSULTS:Past ocular history was significant for pseudophakia and previous yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)peripheral *** was uneventful but on the first postoperative day,she developed aqueous misdirection complicated by subsequent development of persistent uveal *** treatment strategies including atropine drops,YAG hyaloidotomy and choroidal effusion drainage proved ineffective.A combination of oral steroids and pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)along with an irido-zonulohyloidectomy(IZH)proved ***:To the best of the author’s knowledge,this is the first published case of aqueous misdirection complicated with the presence of significant,unresolving choroidal effusions,highlighting the possibility and sequelae of comorbid pathology in nanophthalmic eyes.

关键词： combined aqueous misdirections persistent choroidal effusions

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基于分子内“邻基参与”作用的烷基交换类动态共价交联网络

基于分子内“邻基参与”作用的烷基交换类动态共价交联网络

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2024第五届全国功能高分子材料学术研讨会

作者：耿志帅杨荣杰 craig Hawker

动态共价聚合物网络同时兼具热塑性高分子的可加工性与热固性高分子的稳定性,成为了高分子材料研究的热点。分子内"邻基参与"作用能大幅提升交联点间交换反应的速率,以满足在不添加外源催化剂的条件下对交联网络加工重塑的需求。但"邻... 详细信息

动态共价聚合物网络同时兼具热塑性高分子的可加工性与热固性高分子的稳定性,成为了高分子材料研究的热点。分子内"邻基参与"作用能大幅提升交联点间交换反应的速率,以满足在不添加外源催化剂的条件下对交联网络加工重塑的需求。但"邻基参与"作用强度对烷基交换类交联网络这种动态性较低的共价聚合物网络动态性能的调控机制尚未阐明[1]。本工作基于具有不同内亲核体(硫、硒等杂原子)的双环壬烷交联点结构制备动态共价交联网络,同时探究不同强度的"邻基参与"作用对烷基交换反应的影响,从而分析其对动态交联网络构筑、重排速率与重排温度依赖性的调控机制。实现烷基交换类动态共价交联网络在温和条件下的重排(缺乏"邻基参与"设计的体系在该温度下无法重塑/回收);在温度降低后可逆反应快速冻结,仍保持网络结构与材料性能的稳定性。杂双环壬烷类交联网络的弛豫时间有极强温度依赖性,网络粘流活化能高达180 kJ/mol。本研究将为烷基交换类动态共价交联网络的开发提供独特的新策略。

关键词：动态共价键分子内催化动态共价聚合物聚合物网络重排

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efficient fastest-path computations for road maps

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第2期7卷 267-281页

作者： Renjie Chen craig Gotsman University of Science and Technology of China HefeiChina New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJUSA

In the age of real-time online traffic information and GPS-enabled devices,fastest-path computations between two points in a road network modeled as a directed graph,where each directed edge is weighted by a“travel time”value,are becoming a standard feature of many navigation-related *** support this,very efficient computation of these paths in very large road networks is *** paths may be computed as minimal-cost paths in a weighted directed graph,but traditional minimal-cost path algorithms based on variants of the classical Dijkstra algorithm do not scale well,as in the worst case they may traverse the entire graph.A common improvement,which can dramatically reduce the number of graph vertices traversed,is the A*algorithm,which requires a good heuristic lower bound on the minimal *** introduce a simple,but very effective,heuristic function based on a small number of values assigned to each graph *** values are based on graph separators and are computed efficiently in a preprocessing *** present experimental results demonstrating that our heuristic provides estimates of the minimal cost superior to those of other *** experiments show that when used in the A*algorithm,this heuristic can reduce the number of vertices traversed by an order of magnitude compared to other heuristics.

关键词： shortest-path road map heuristic GPS navigation A^(*)search

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法律制度与经济:近代早期英国与中国之比较

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国际社会科学杂志（中文版） 2024年第3期41卷 40-51,5,10页

作者：克雷格·马尔德格鲁英国剑桥大学历史系

导言在过去20年左右的时间里,由彭慕兰(Kenneth Pomeranz)发起的“大分流”争论极大地拓宽了经济史的研究范围。简要来说,他认为,19世纪初之前,中国长江下游地区民众的生活水平完全可以与西欧经济更为发达地区的相提并论。同时,英国有... 详细信息

导言在过去20年左右的时间里,由彭慕兰(Kenneth Pomeranz)发起的“大分流”争论极大地拓宽了经济史的研究范围。简要来说,他认为,19世纪初之前,中国长江下游地区民众的生活水平完全可以与西欧经济更为发达地区的相提并论。同时,英国有更利于工业化的条件,因为其地表煤层和他命名的“隐地”(ghostacres,海外殖民领地上现成的资源生产地)使得本土土地得以用于工业用途。这一论点促使许多其他历史学家试图在全球而不是民族国家层面上,衡量国家之间的工资和物价,以及其他经济指标,如职业结构。

关键词：西欧经济工业用途长江下游地区制度与经济经济史经济指标工业化 19世纪初

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New Identities for Weak KAM Theory(For Haim Brezis,in continuing admiration)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 379-392页

作者： Lawrence craig eVANS Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA.

This paper records for the Hamiltonian H =1/2|p|~2+ W(x) some old and new identities relevant for the PDe/variational approach to weak KAM theory.

关键词： Weak KAM theory, effective Hamiltonian, Hamiltonian dynamics

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Regarding the Distribution of Glue in the Pion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第8期38卷 17-22页

作者： Lei Chang craig D.Roberts School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Understanding why the scale of emergent hadron mass is obvious in the proton but hidden in the pion may rest on mapping the distribution functions(DFs)of all partons within the pion and comparing them with those in the proton;and since glue provides binding in quantum chromodynamics,the glue DF could play a special *** reliable predictions for the proton’s DFs is difficult because the proton is a three-valence-body bound-state *** sketched herein,the situation for the pion,a two-valence-body problem,is much better,with continuum and lattice predictions for the valence-quark and glue DFs in *** beginning of theory alignment is timely because experimental facilities now either in operation or planning promise to realize the longstanding goal of providing pion targets,thereby enabling precision experimental tests of rigorous theory predictions concerning Nature’s most fundamental Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

关键词： valence thereby rigorous

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Resolving the Bethe–Salpeter Kernel

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第7期38卷 17-22页

作者： Si-Xue Qin craig D.Roberts Department of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A novel method for constructing a kernel for the meson bound-state problem is *** produces a closed form that is symmetry-consistent(discrete and continuous)with the gap equation defined by any admissible gluon-quark vertex,Γ.Applicable even when the diagrammatic content ofΓis unknown,the scheme can foster new synergies between continuum and lattice approaches to strong *** framework is illustrated by showing that the presence of a dressed-quark anomalous magnetic moment inΓ,an emergent feature of strong interactions,can remedy many defects of widely used meson bound-state kernels,including the mass splittings between vector and axial-vector mesons and the level ordering of pseudoscalar and vector meson radial excitations.

关键词： meson quark admissible

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Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第4期23卷 367-373页

作者： Libao An craig Friedrich College of Mechanical engineering Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsHebei United University Department of Mechanical engineering-engineering Mechanics Multi-Scale Technologies InstituteMichigan Technological University

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for *** requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic *** this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by *** effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally ***–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are *** experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly *** uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Assembly Dielectrophoresis Process parameter Stability

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