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Barriers to Insurance as a Flood Risk Management Tool:Evidence from a Survey of Property Owners

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 263-273页

作者： Jason Thistlethwaite Daniel Henstra craig brown Daniel Scott School of Environment Enterprise and DevelopmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Political Science University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Climate Change and Health Adaptation Planning Vancouver Coastal HealthVancouverBC V5Z 4C2Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(FRM)*** Government of Canada has worked with insurers to introduce flood insurance for the first time as a part of a broader shift towards FRM to limit the growing costs of *** viability of flood insurance in Canada,however,has been questioned by research that disputes the utility of purchasing coverage by property *** study tested this assumption by drawing on public opinion survey data to assess factors that influence decisions about the utility of *** findings reveal that Canadians have limited knowledge of flood insurance coverage,exhibit a low willingness-to-pay for both insurance and property-level flood protection measures,and expect governments to shoulder much of the financial burden of flood recovery through disaster assistance.

关键词： Flood insurance Flood risk management Risk-sharing Willingness-to-pay

Improving diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy with a medical food containing L-methylfolate: a preliminary report

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 164-174页

作者： Jianhua Wang craig brown Ce Shi Justin Townsend Giovana Rosa Gameiro Peng Wang Hong Jiang Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of MiamiMiller School of Medicine1638 NW 10th AvenueMcKnight Building-Room 202AMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesFayettevilleARUSA School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Background:Homocysteine and vitamin D may play a role in the development of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)and *** food with L-methylfolate and vitamin D theoretically may improve diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy,however,the outcome of these nutritional approaches has not been fully examined.A retrospective case review was done of cases of retinopathy reversal in patients on Ocufolin^(TM) and a similar nonprescription multivitamin,Eyefolate^(TM).In this study,they were administered L-methylfolate(2.7 mg and 3.0 mg,respectively)and vitamin D3(4500 IU each).These dosages are significantly above the RDA but well below levels associated with *** presentation:Seven patients had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and some of them had *** patient had only hypertensive *** patients were instructed to take Ocufolin^(TM)medical food as a food *** genetic testing for MTHFR polymorphisms was *** photography was used to document the fundus condition of the enrolled eyes in 8 NPDR patients at the initial and follow-up ***(MA)and exudates were observed to be improved in some trial *** subjects had one or more MTHFR *** had diabetic retinopathy,hypertensive retinopathy,or *** were resolved,and exudates were decreased in 8/8 cases after taking the medical *** edema was found in 2/8 cases and improved or resolved in both cases after taking the medical food or the *** best corrected visual activity was stable or improved in 8/8 ***:We report a series of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy cases with MTHFR polymorphisms and the improvement of retinal microvasculature(mainly MAs)in serial fundus photography after taking a medical food or supplement containing L-methylfolate and vitamin *** appears that the use of nutritional supplements and medical foods containin

关键词： Diabetes Homocysteine L-methylfolate Microaneurysms MTHFR C677T Retinopathy Vitamin D

Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy

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Eye and Vision 2020年第6期7卷 312-327页

作者： Ce Shi Peng Wang Shriya Airen craig brown Zhiping Liu Justin H.Townsend Jianhua Wang Hong Jiang Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine1638 NW 10th AvenueMcKnight Building-Room 202AMiamiFL 33136USA School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina College of Arts and Sciences University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicinethe University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesFayettevilleARUSA Ophthalmic Center the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a form of *** oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the *** approaches are needed,which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic ***(Hcy)elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in *** genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR),increase Hcy and DR risk and *** with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins,minerals,and related compounds,which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative *** the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the *** approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve *** vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth ***,this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional ***,there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment *** have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and *** combinations of vitamins B1,B2,B6,L-methylfolate,methylcobalamin(B12),C,D,natural vitamin E complex,lutein,zeaxanthin,alpha-lipoic acid,and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and *** medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for *** based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for *** from both type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy Homocysteine Lutein N-acetyl cysteine Vitamins L-methylfolate

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Risk factors affecting the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-neoplasia sequence

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第5期7卷 438-445页

作者： craig S brown Michael B Ujiki Pritzker School of Medicine Biological Sciences Division University of Chicago Department of Surgery North Shore University Health Systems

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has the fastest growing incidence rate of any cancer in the United States, and currently carries a very poor prognosis with 5 years relative survival rates of less than 15%. Current curative treatment options are limited to esophagectomy, a procedure that suffers from high complication rates and high mortality rates. Metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium, a condition known as Barrett's esophagus(BE), is widely accepted as the precursor lesion for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Recently, radiofrequency ablation has been shown to be an effective method to treat BE, although there is disagreement as to whether radio-frequency ablation should be used to treat all patients with BE or whether treatment should be reserved for those at high risk for progressing to esophageal adenocarcinoma while continuing to endoscopically survey those with low risk. Recent research has been targeted towards identifying those at greater risk for progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma so that radio-frequency ablation therapy can be used in a more targeted manner, decreasing the total health care cost as well as improving patient outcomes. This review discusses the current state of the literature regarding risk factors for progression from BE through dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma, as well as the current need for an integrated scoring tool or risk stratification system capable of differentiating those patients at highest risk of progression in order to target these endoluminal therapies.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Esophageal adenocarcinoma Endoscopy Risk factors Radiofrequencyablation Antireflux surgery

PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE BUIL DINGS IN COLDER CLIMATES

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第4期11卷 131-153页

作者： Mark Gorgolewski craig brown Anne-Mareike Chu Adrian Turcato Karen Bartlett Ghazal Ebrahimi Murray Hodgson Shauna Mallory-Hill Mohamed Ouf Leila Scannell Ryerson University University of British Columbia University of Manitoba

Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment *** aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction *** objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this *** these buildings performed well compared to ***,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water *** energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational *** with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled *** may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and *** use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water ***,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing *** is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.

关键词： building performance evaluation post occupancy evaluation indoor environment building energy use

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Recoflo矮床层离子交换回收酸和金属

湿法冶金 1988年第4期 12-18页

作者： craig.J.brown ,夏德长

尽管离子交换技术具有巨大的潜在的实用性,但它在湿法冶金中的应用是有限的。在很大程度上这是由于传统方法设计上的局限性所造成的。目前一种新颖的离子交换法——交替流动离子交换法或Recoflo法,已广泛应用于金属精加工、金属回收和... 详细信息

尽管离子交换技术具有巨大的潜在的实用性,但它在湿法冶金中的应用是有限的。在很大程度上这是由于传统方法设计上的局限性所造成的。目前一种新颖的离子交换法——交替流动离子交换法或Recoflo法,已广泛应用于金属精加工、金属回收和溶液处理工艺达数年之久,并显示出它比传统的离子交换技术具有一系列独特而明显的优点。 Recoflo系统的特点如下: (1)树脂床层矮——传统的离子交换柱一般高2—4m,而Recoflo柱高仅5—60cm,并在多方面应用中取得较好的效果。图1示出Recoflo去离子水装置,树

关键词：离子交换回收铜交换反应离子交换树脂整理剂 Recoflo 树脂床床层金属金属材料

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尺素忆事：塞林格与海明威

英语学习 2015年第6期 32-36页

作者： craig brown 蓝屿毅白

塞林格的女儿玛格丽特·塞林格在2009年出版的回忆录中写道，父亲没有能力或是不情愿跟任何人保持密切的私人关系。“他的文学探索越来越使他与别人的联系处于两个维度，一个是跟虚构的格拉斯一家，另一个是跟活人——通过信件相识的‘... 详细信息

塞林格的女儿玛格丽特·塞林格在2009年出版的回忆录中写道，父亲没有能力或是不情愿跟任何人保持密切的私人关系。“他的文学探索越来越使他与别人的联系处于两个维度，一个是跟虚构的格拉斯一家，另一个是跟活人——通过信件相识的‘笔友’；一旦对方变成有血有肉的真人出现时……只要一见面，就无一例外地播下了令他们关系终结的种子。”不知是幸运还是遗憾，塞林格与海明威也仅有短短的一面之缘。随后，尺素飞鸿，海明威成为了塞林格的精神导师，更是将他列为自己最喜欢的三位同时代作家之一。然而，塞林格对海明威的感情与看法却更为复杂……

关键词：塞林格海明威 2009年玛格丽特私人关系两个维度精神导师回忆录

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多波束回声测深仪水体数据的海洋应用综述

海洋地质 2018年第3期34卷 41-62页

作者： Keir Colbo Tetjana Ross craig brown 马金凤(译) 不详广州海洋地质调查局

多波束回声测深系统(MBES)长期提供具有高时序性和空间分辨率的测深数据。在过去几十年中,MBES观测到的水体数据在海洋学研究中越来越多地使用。在这里我们综述了使用多波束水体数据以解决渔业、海洋哺乳动物和浮游动物中的问题研究,以... 详细信息

多波束回声测深系统(MBES)长期提供具有高时序性和空间分辨率的测深数据。在过去几十年中,MBES观测到的水体数据在海洋学研究中越来越多地使用。在这里我们综述了使用多波束水体数据以解决渔业、海洋哺乳动物和浮游动物中的问题研究,以及渗流和热液喷口的研究。我们还总结了一些新的水体MBES在海洋学的应用,如海岸带生态系统、近地表气泡、悬浮泥沙、混合和内波,以及合理推测沉船在海底的范围。我们强调了使用水体MBES的许多优点并讨论了面临的挑战。

关键词：回声测深仪体数据多波束海洋学水体综述应用海洋哺乳动物

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