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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第10期16卷 23-37页

作者： Sung-Geun Woo Holly L.Sewell craig S.Criddle Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA NSF Engineering Research Center Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure(ReNUWIt)Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Nitric oxide reductases(NORs)have a central role in denitrification,detoxification of nitric oxide(NO)in host-pathogen interactions,and NO-mediated cell-cell *** this study,we focus on the phylogeny and detection of qNOR and cNOR genes because of their nucleotide sequence similarity and evolutionary relatedness to cytochrome oxidases,their key role in denitrification,and their abundance in natural,agricultural,and wastewater *** also include nitric oxide dismutase(NOD)due to its similarity to *** 548 nor sequences from publicly accessible databases and sequenced isolates from N2O-producng bioreactors,we constructed phylogenetic trees for 289 qnor/nod genes and 259 cnorB *** trees contain evidence of horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication,with 13.4%of the sequenced strains containing two or more nor *** aligning amino acid sequences for qnor+cnor,qnor,and cnor,we identified four highly conserved regions for NOR and NOD,including two highly conserved histidine residues at the active site for qNOR and *** this approach,we identified conserved sequences for:1)all nor(nor-universal);2)all qnor(qnor-universal)and all cnor(cnor-universal);3)qnor of Comamonadaceae;4)Clade-specific sequences;and 5)nod of Candidates Methylomirabilis *** of primer performance were confirmed experimentally.

关键词： N_(2)O Greenhouse gas NO reductase NO dismutase Primer Crystal structure

Delivering on the promise of gene editing for cystic fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2019年第2期6卷 97-108页

作者： craig A.Hodges Ronald A.Conlon Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

In this review,we describe a path for translation of gene editing into therapy for cystic fibrosis(CF).Cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the CFTR gene,with one allele predominant in patient *** simple,genetic etiology makes gene editing appealing for treatment of this *** already have been success in applying this approach to cystic fibrosis in cell and animal models,although these advances have been modest in comparison to advances for other *** than six years after its first demonstration in animals,CRISPR/Cas gene editing is in early clinical trials for several *** clinical trials,thus far,attempt to edit genes in cells of the blood *** advantage of the blood is that the stem cells are known,can be isolated,edited,selected,expanded,and returned to the *** likely next trials will be in the liver,which is accessible to many delivery *** cystic fibrosis,the biggest hurdle is to deliver editors to other,less accessible *** outline a path by which delivery can be *** translation of new therapies doesn’t occur in isolation,and the development of gene editors is occurring as advances in gene therapy and small molecule therapeutics are being *** advances made in gene therapy may help develop delivery vehicles for gene editing,although major improvements are ***,the approval of effective small molecule therapies for many patients with cystic fibrosis will raise the bar for translation of gene editing.

关键词： CFTR gene CRISPR/Cas9 Cystic fibrosis Gene editing Gene therapy

Epidemiology of isolated foot burns in children presenting to a Queensland paediatric burns centre—a two-year study in warmer climate

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第1期5卷 58-63页

作者： Florence Ngu Bhaveshkumar Patel craig McBride Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burns Centre Department of Paediatric SurgeryLady Cilento Children’s Hospital501 Stanley StreetSouth Brisbane QLD 4101Australia Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research Queensland Children’s Medical Research InstituteUniversity of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia

Background: European studies of paediatric foot burns report scalds as the leading cause. Mechanisms of injury are different in warmer climates. We sought to characterize the mechanisms and outcomes of isolated foot burns in our population. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of all children aged 0–15 years presenting to a Queensland paediatric burns centre over a 26-month period. Non-parametric analyses such as the Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Chi-square were used. Results: There were 218 children with foot burns treated over a period of 2 years and 2 months of which 214 had complete records. There were significantly more boys than girls (n=134, 62.6% cf. n=80, 37.4%, p<0.0001). The leading mechanism of injury was a contact burn accounting for 63.1% (n=135) followed by scalds (23.8%, n=51). Friction, flame and chemical burns were a minority but were significantly deeper (p=0.03) and significantly more likely to require grafting (p=0.04) and scar management (p<0.0001) compared to contact and scald burns. Conclusions: In our population, contact burns are the most common mechanism of injury causing burns to the feet. The leading aetiology is campfire burns, which account for one-third of all burns to the feet. Prevention campaigns targeted at this population could significantly reduce the burden of morbidity from these burns. Friction, flame and chemical burns constitute a minority of patients but are deeper and more likely to require skin grafting and scar management.

关键词： Epidemiology Foot burns Paediatric Scald Australia Campfire

Deep Volatiles as the Key for Energy and Environments of the Four-Dimensional Earth System

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 393-394页

作者： Ho-Kwang Mao craig M. Schiffries Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 China Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC 20015 USA

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and their compounds are volatile components that dominate the thin and fragile atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere on Earth’s habitable surface. However, the vast majority of these volatiles are hidden in the deep interior, where the high pressure–temperature conditions drastically and categorically alter the physics and chemistry of the volatiles. Like the bloodstream of an organism, the circulations and interactions of volatiles in the deep Earth modulate climate, resources, energy, natural hazards, and other factors that define the Earth as a unique living and changing planet.

关键词： Four-Dimensional Earth System Deep Volatiles

Constraining Design:Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 30-41页

作者： craig K.Allison Neville A.Stanton Solent University East Park TerraceSouthampton SO140YNUK Transportation Research Group University of SouthamptonBoldrewood Innovation CampusSouthampton SO167QFUK

The design with intent(DwI)toolkit assists designers in creating novel designs and ***,however,is not constrained to any degree,making it impossible to know whether the produced designs adequately account for users’*** contrast,cognitive work analysis(CWA)is a human factors research tool that seeks to map a system and account for users’needs,yet does not provide clear guidelines for progressing such analysis into workable designs with which users can *** paper seeks to present a proof-of-concept investigation to demonstrate that DwI can be suitably constrained and validated by insights gained from ***,in turn,benefits by having a suitable toolkit for progressing *** teams of individuals without design backgrounds were able to develop mock-up in-vehicle interfaces aimed at reducing fuel *** teams were able to use DwI toolkit to articulate the genesis of their ideas,which in turn could be directly linked to system needs identified within CWA.

关键词： Design with intent Cognitive work analysis Interface design Eco-driving

Fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized clinical trials of surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第9期13卷 825-836页

作者： Stephen craig Morris Anirudh K Gowd Avinesh Agarwalla Wesley P Phipatanakul Nirav H Amin Joseph N Liu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCA 92354United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterWinston-SalemNC 27157United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Westchester Medical CenterValhallaNY 10595United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Premier Orthopaedic and Trauma SpecialistsPomonaCA 91767United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery USC Epstein Family Center for Sports MedicineLos AngelesCA 90089United States

BACKGROUND Despite recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials(RCTs),there remains no consensus regarding the preferred surgical treatment for humeral shaft *** fragility index(FI)is an emerging tool used to evaluate the robustness of RCTs by quantifying the number of participants in a study group that would need to switch outcomes in order to reverse the study *** To investigate the fragility index of randomized control trials assessing outcomes of operative fixation in proximal humerus *** We completed a systematic review of RCTs evaluating the surgical treatment of humeral shaft *** criteria included:articles published in English;patients randomized and allotted in 1:1 ratio to 2 parallel arms;and dichotomous outcome *** FI was calculated for total complications,each complication individually,and secondary surgeries using the Fisher exact test,as previously *** Fifteen RCTs were included in the analysis comparing open reduction plate osteosynthesis with dynamic compression plate or locking compression plate,intramedullary nail,and minimally invasive plate *** median FI was 0 for all parameters *** individual outcomes,the FI was 0 for 81/91(89%)of *** FI exceeded the number lost to follow up in only 2/91(2%)*** The FI shows that data from RCTs regarding operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures are fragile and does not demonstrate superiority of any particular surgical technique.

关键词： Humerus fracture Open reduction internal fixation Intramedullary nail Fragility index Complications Fragility index

Conversion of soy molasses,soy solubles,and dried soybean carbohydrates into ethanol

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 62-68页

作者： craig C.Long William R.Gibbons Biology and Microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD57007 USA

Soy molasses and soy solubles are byproducts of the conventional soy protein concentrate and soy protein isolate manufacturing processes,*** of the carbohydrates in these byproducts into ethanol was *** amounts of commercial cellulase enzymes(Novozyme cellulase,β-glucosidase,and pectinase)were added to soy molasses and soy solubles solutions prepared at various solid loading rates(33%,50%,60%,75%,and 80%)to hydrolyze oligosaccharides,followed by fermentation for 96 h using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2034 and Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL ***-extracted soybean meal(SBM)carbohydrates were also fermented for 96 h without *** and *** produced about 12.5-45.0 g/L and 6.0-28.0 g/L ethanol,respectively,on molasses and solubles across these solid loading *** *** produced about 6.5-17 g/L ethanol and *** produced about 6.5-22 g/L ethanol on ethanol-extracted carbohydrates.

关键词： ethanol production soy molasses soy solubles oligosaccharides

Long-term effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist or antiandrogen monotherapy in elderly men with localizect prostate cancer （T1-2）： a retrospective study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第2期9卷 253-258页

作者： Rupesh Raina Geetu Pahalajani Ashok Agarwal craig Zippe Department of Medicine and Pediatrics Metrohealth Medical Center （Case School of Medicine） Cleveland Ohio 44109 USA Glickman Urological Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation at Mary Mount Cleveland Clinic Foundation Ohio 44125 USA

Aim： To evaluate the long-term effectiveness, side effects and compliance rates of two types of drugs （luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and antiandrogen） that were used individually to treat patients with localized prostate cancer （T1-2） at our institution. Methods： Ninety-seven patients who were diagnosed in the period from April 1997 to January 2000 as having clinically localized prostate cancer （T1-2） received either LHRH agonist （leuprolide acetate 7.5 mg/month） monotherapy （group 1, n = 62） or antiandrogen monotherapy （group 2, n = 35; 18 received bicalutamide 50 mg q.d., 13 received nilutamide 150 mg t.i.d, and 4 received flutamide 250 mg t.i.d.）. The mean age in both groups was 76 years. Results： The mean follow-up time was （50.8 ±8.5） months in group 1 and （43.1 ± 2.2） months in group 2. Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels rose in only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1, and in 20 of the 35 patients （57.1%） in group 2. In group 2, 10 of the 20 patients （50 %） with increasing PSA levels were treated with LHRH salvage therapy, and eight （80%） responded. Hot flashes （54.8%） and lethargy （41.9%） were the most common side effects in group 1. In contrast, nipple-tenderness （40%） and light-dark adaptation （17.1%） were more often seen in group 2. Only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1 switched to another medication because of adverse side effects; whereas 8 of the 35 patients （22.9%） in group 2 did so. Conclusion： Unlike antiandrogen monotherapy, LHRH agonist monotherapy provided long-term durable control of localized prostate cancer （T1-2）. It can also be an effective treatment option for patients whose disease failed to respond to antiandrogen monotherapy. The limitations of our study are the lack of health outcomes analysis and a small sample size.

关键词： localized prostate cancer antiandrogen prostate-specific antigen luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist androgen ablation monotherapy

Unified methodology for site-characterization and sampling of highway runoff

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 47-58页

作者： Jy S.WU craig J.ALLAN Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA 2 Department of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

Hydrology,roadway traffic conditions,and atmospheric deposition are three essential data categories for the planning and implementation of highway-runoff monitoring and characterization *** variables pertaining to each data category could be site specific but have been shown to correlate with runoff pollutant *** data categories were combined to derive statistical relationships for characterization and prioritization of the respective pollutant loads at highway runoff *** runoff data of total suspended solids(TSS),total dissolved solid(TDS),chemical oxygen demand(COD),total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)and total phosphorus(TP)collected from three highway sites in Charlotte,North Carolina,USA,were used to illustrate the development of site-specific highway-runoff pollutant loading *** unified methodology provides a basis for initial assessment of the pollutant-constituent loads from highway runoff using hydrologic component *** reliability is achievable when additional traffic and/or atmospheric component variables are incorporated into the basic hydrologic regression *** addition,operational guidance is suggested for implementing highway-runoff monitoring programs that are subject to sampling and resources constraints.

关键词： highway runoff pollutant loads regression models non-point source pollution storm water permit