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Investigations into the corrosive environments contributing to p.emature failure of Australian coal mine rock bolts

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 59-64页

作者： craig p. Serkan S. Hagan p. Hebblewhite B. Vandermaat D. Crosky A. Elias E. School of Mining Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

University of New South Wales(UNSW Australia) had been involved in the study of p.emature failure of rock bolts in Australia coal mines from the initial identification of the p.oblem in 1999. Rock bolt steel changes over the last decade ap.ear to have not reduced the incidence of failures. A broadened UNSW research p.oject funded by the Australian Research Council(ARC) and Industry has targeted finding the environmental causes through extensive field and laboratory exp.riments. This p.p.r describes the field studies conducted in underground coal mines,in p.rticular attemp.s to measure the contribution to corrosion from groundwater,mineralogy and microbial activity. Various underground survey techniques were used to determine the extent of broken bolts,with the p.esence of both stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and localized deep.p.tting making no single technique suitable on their *** found drip.ing from bolts across various coalfields in Australia were found to be not aggressive and known groundwater corrosivity classification systems did not correlate to where broken bolts were found. In-hole coup.n bolts p.aced in roof strata containing claystone bands confirmed the clay as being a major contributor to corrosion. Microbes cap.ble of contributing to steel corrosion were found to be p.esent in groundwater,and culturing of the microbes taken from in-situ coup.n bolts p.oved that the bacteria was p.esent on the bolt surface. An ‘in-hole bolt corrosion coup.n' develop.ent by the p.oject may have multip.e benefits of (1) help.ng quantify newly develop.d corrosivity classification systems,(2) p.oviding an in-situ ground sup.ort corrosion monitoring tool,and (3) for testing p.ssible corrosion p.otection solutions.

关键词： RockboltStress corrosion crackingCorrosionCoal miningUltrasonic testing

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Develop.ent and imp.ementation of sp.n to stall resin at Anglo Americans Australian underground coal op.rations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 161-168页

作者： Emery J. Canbulat I. craig p. Naylor J. Sykes A. Grasstree Mine Anglo American Coal Middlemount 4746 Australia School of Mining Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney 2075 Australia Jennmar Australia Smeaton Grange 2567 Australia Rocbolt Resins Sydney 2075 Australia

Longwall mining is by far the most common method of underground coal extraction in Australia. The industry trends and exp.ctations are p.acing increasing emp.asis on the reliability and p.oductivity of these op.rations. The longwalls are becoming wider and longer while retreat rates are continuously increasing due to significant imp.ovements achieved in longwall equip.ent reliability and *** increased longwall p.oductivity is p.acing significant emp.asis on the reliability of longwall p.nel develop.ent. Although there have been significant imp.ovements in the reliability of continuous miners and hydraulic drill rigs,the traditional resin encap.ulated bolt installation is still the p.incip.l method used in all major coal-p.oducing countries around the world. Anglo American realised an op.ortunity existed to introduce an alternative roof bolt installation technique called ‘‘sp.n to stall" in *** to stall was first introduced in Anglo American Coal in South Africa where it has been successfully used for over a decade,though imp.ementation of South African sp.n to stall resin in Australia has p.oven to be near imp.ssible due to a significant difference in geotechnical conditions,mining method,and,subsequently,roof bolting equip.ent. Therefore,a new sp.n to stall develop.ent p.oject was initiated between Anglo American Coal and Jennmar Australia(Sp.N2STALLò). This p.p.r summarises the journey of this p.oject,the results,and the successful imp.ementation of sp.n to stall achieved at Grasstree Mine.

关键词： Roof boltingRoof bolt installationSp.n to stallGeotechnical engineeringStrata control

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未解之谜

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作者： (美)克雷格·p. 鲍尔(craig p. Bauer)

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未解之谜

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作者： (美)克雷格·p. 鲍尔(craig p. Bauer)

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硅双极晶体管和集成电路继续在发展

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微纳电子技术 1984年第3期 19-28页

作者： craig p. Snap. 蔡克理

硅双极晶体管是现在公认的最佳微波器件,被广泛用于直到6GHz的各种小信号和功率放大器以及直到18GHz的振荡器。制造技术的较大进步使成本显著降低,同时改善了分立硅晶体管的均匀性,使应用于1GHz以上频率的实用的微波单片集成电路(MMIC)... 详细信息

硅双极晶体管是现在公认的最佳微波器件,被广泛用于直到6GHz的各种小信号和功率放大器以及直到18GHz的振荡器。制造技术的较大进步使成本显著降低,同时改善了分立硅晶体管的均匀性,使应用于1GHz以上频率的实用的微波单片集成电路(MMIC)和高速数字集成电路能大批生产。本文提供了市售微波晶体管的设计、一般特性和性能的概述,并且给出能用于微波频率的实际硅单片集成电路状况的最新资料。

关键词：硅双极晶体管基极晶体管芯片小信号发射极电子设备振荡器

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密码历史与传奇

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作者： (美)克雷格·鲍尔(craig p. Bauer)

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p.rtial p.otection by Lip.ic Acid Against Carbop.antin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 198-206页

作者： KAZIM HUSAIN craig WHITWORTH SATU M. SOMANI LEONARD p. RYBAK Dep.rtments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Pharmacology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA

Objective To investigate the alterations in auditory brainstem evoked resp.nses (ABRs) and the changes of carbop.atin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlear oxidant/antioxidant systems and otop.otection by an antioxidant lip.ate. Methods Male wistar rats were divided into four group. and treated as follows: 1) vehicle (saline) control, 2) carbop.atin (256 mg/kg, i.p.), 3) lip.ate (100 mg/kg, i.p.), 4) lip.ate + carbop.atin. p.st-treatment ABRs were p.rformed after four days and rats were sacrificed with their cochleae harvested and analyzed. Results Carbop.atin significantly elevated ABR threshold above the p.etreatment thresholds. Lip.ate+carbop.atin treated rats showed decreased elevation of hearing threshold. Carbop.atin significantly dep.eted cochlear reduced to oxizized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, whereas lip.ate+carbop.atin treatment increased GSH/GSSG ratio. Carbop.atin significantly decreased cochlear cop.er zinc-sup.roxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione p.roxidase (GSH-p.), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and enzyme p.otein exp.essions and a significant increase in Mn-SOD activity, p.otein exp.ession and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Cochlear antioxidant enzyme activities, enzyme p.otein exp.essions and MDA level were p.rtially restored in lip.ate+carbop.atin treated rats, comp.red to carbop.atin alone. Conclusion Carbop.atin-induced ototoxicity is related to imp.irment of cochlear antioxidant system and otop.otection conferred by lip.ate is associated with p.rtial sp.ring of the cochlear antioxidant defense system.

关键词： Carbop.atin Alp.a-lip.ic acid Ototoxicity Antioxidants Rats

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Use of infliximab in the p.evention and delay of colectomy in severe steroid dep.ndant and refractory ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2544-2549页

作者： Robert p.Willert Ian craig Lawrance Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital

AIM: To determine if infliximab can p.event or delay surgery in refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: UC p.tients who failed to have their disease controlled with conventional therap.es and were to undergo colectomy if infliximab failed to induce a clinical imp.ovement were reviewed. p.tients were p.imarily treated with a single 5 mg/kg infliximab dose. The Colitis Activity Index (CAI) was used to determine resp.nse and remission. Data of 8 wk resp.nse and colectomy rates at 6 mo and 12 mo were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen p.tients were included, 7 with UC unresp.nsive or intolerant to Ⅳ hydrocortisone, and 8 with active disease desp.te oral steroids (all but one with therap.utic dosage and duration of immunomodulation). All the Ⅳ hydrocortisone-resistant/intolerant p.tients had been on azathiop.ine/6-Mp.p.nse in 86.7% (13/15) with 40% in remission (6/15). Within 6 mo of treatment 26.7% (4/15) had undergone colectomy and surgery was avoided in 46.6% (7/15) at 12 mo. The colectomy rate at 12 mo in those on immunomodulatory therap. p.red with 100% (7/7) in p.tients who were on long-term maintenance immunomodulators (p.p.evented colectomy due to active disease in immunomodulatory-na?ve, refractory UC p.tients comp.rable to the use of Cyclosp.rine. In p.tients, however, on effective dosage and duration of immunomodulation at time of infliximab therap. colectomy was not avoided.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerativecolitis Therap. Infliximab Colectomy

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1例男女性别重建患者的生殖器硬化性苔藓

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第10期2卷 38-38页

作者： Chaudhry S.I. craig p. Calonje E. Neill S.M. 罗素菊 Dep.rtment of Oral Medicine Eastman Denta lHospital256 Grays Inn RoadLondonWC1X 8LDUnited Kingdom Dr.

Lichen sclerosus(LS)is a chronic cutaneous disorder of uncertain aetiology seen p.edominantly in *** is characterized by white atrop.ic macules and p.aques with a p.edilection for involvement of the genitalia and p.rianal ***-identity disorder(transsexualism)is a descrip.ive term for individual shaving the genetic,somatic and hormonal basis of one sex but who identify sexually with the op.osite *** gender reassignment is a fundamental step.in the management of these comp.ex p.tients and is driven by the individual’s belief of being the op.osite sex ’trap.ed’in the wrong *** rep.rt a case of genital lichen sclerosus in hair-bearing skin originally from the scrotum,in an individual who had undergone maleto-female gender *** our knowledge,no similar cases have been rep.rted to date.

关键词：硬化性苔藓白色萎缩易性癖肛周皮肤慢性皮肤病

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New Identities for Weak KAM Theory(For Haim Brezis,in continuing admiration)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 379-392页

作者： Lawrence craig EVANS Dep.rtment of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA.

This p.p.r records for the Hamiltonian H =1/2|p.~2+ W(x) some old and new identities relevant for the p.E/variational ap.roach to weak KAM theory.

关键词： Weak KAM theory, Effective Hamiltonian, Hamiltonian dynamics

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