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Evaluation of steroidogenic capacity after follicle stimulating hormone stimulation in bovine granulosa cells of Revalor 200~ implanted heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 280-285页

作者： ANDrea D Stapp craig A Gifford Dennis m Hallford Jennifer A Hernandez Gifford Department of Animal Science Oklahoma State University Department of Animal and Range Science New Mexico State University Department of Animal Science 114B Animal Science BuildingOklahoma State University

Background： Heifers not used as breeding stock are often implanted with steroids to increase growth efficiency thereby altering hormone profiles and potentially changing the environment in which ovarian follicles develop. Because bovine granulosa cell culture is a commonly used technique and often bovine ovaries are collected from abattoirs with no record of implant status, the objective of this study was to determine if the presence of an implant during bovine granulosa cell development impacts follicle stimulating hormone-regulated steroidogenic enzyme expression. Paired ovaries were collected from 16 feedlot heifers subjected to 1 of 3 treatments： non-implanted （n = 5）, Revalor 200 for 28 d （n = 5）, or Revalor 200 for 84 d （n = 6）. Small follicle （1 to 5 mm） granulosa cells were isolated from each pair and incubated with phosphate buffered saline （n = 16） or 100 ng/mL follicle stimulating hormone （n = 16） for 24 h. Results： Granulosa cells of implanted heifers treated with follicle stimulating hormone produced medium concentrations of progesterone similar （P = 0.22） to non-implanted heifers, while medium estradiol concentrations were increased （P 〈 0.10） at 28 and 84 d compared to non-implanted heifers indicating efficacy of treatment. Additionally, real-time PCR analysis in response to follicle stimulating hormone treatment demonstrated a decrease in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein （P = 0.05） mRNA expression in heifers implanted for 84 d and an increase in P450 side chain cleavage mRNA in granulosa cells of heifers implanted for 28 （P 〈 0.10） or 84 d （P 〈 0.05） compared to non-implanted females. However, no difference in expression of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （P= 0.57） and aromatase （P = 0.23） were demonstrated in implanted or non-implanted heifers. Conclusions： These results indicate follicles which develop in the presence of high concentrations of androgenic and estrogenic steroids via an implant tend to demonstrate an altered capacity to res

关键词： Bovine Follicle stimulating hormone Granulosa cells Implant Steroidogenesis

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Use of mycophenolate mofetil in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第13期15卷 1594-1599页

作者： Terrence Tan Ian craig Lawrance Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital Department of medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital

AIm:To assess the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(mmF)prospectively in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients intolerant or refractory to conventional medical ***:Crohn's disease(CD)or ulcerative colitis/ IBD unclassified(UC/IBDU)patients intolerant or refractory to conventional medical therapy received mmF(500-2000 mg bid).Clinical response was assessed by the Harvey Bradshaw index(HBI)or colitis activity index(CAI)after 2,6 and 12 mo of therapy,as were steroid usage and adverse ***:Fourteen patients(9 CD/5 UC/IBDU;8m/6F;mean age 50.4 years,range 28-67 years)were treated and prospectively assessed for their response to oral *** the 11 patients who were not in remission on commencing mmF,7/11(63.6%)achieved remission by 8 *** 3 patients in remission on commencing mmF maintained their *** patients were still on mmF at 6 mo with 9/14(64.3%)in remission,while of 12 patients followed for 12 mo,8 were in remission without dose escalation(66.7%).Three patients were withdrawn from the mmF due to drug *** were no serious adverse events attributed due to the ***:mmF demonstrated efficacy in the management of difficult *** appeared safe,well tolerated and efficacious for both short and long-term therapy,without the need for dose *** evaluation of mmF comparing it to conventional immunosuppressants is required.

关键词：炎症性肠病治疗方法 Crohn病溃疡性结肠炎

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Transient occult cardiotoxicity in children receiving continuous beta-agonist therapy

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期10卷 324-329页

作者： Christopher L Carroll melinda Coro Allison Cowl Kathleen A Sala craig m Schramm Department of Pediatrics Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCTUSA

Background:Continuous beta-agonist therapy,typically in the form of inhaled albuterol,is the first line therapy for the treatment of acute and severe bronchospasm in *** this treatment is commonly used,concerns about cardiotoxicity have been *** aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic effects of continuous beta-agonist therapy in ***:We conducted a retrospective review of children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)between may 2008 and April 2009,who were treated with continuous beta-agonist therapy(intravenous and nebulized).Results:Twenty of the 36 children treated with continuous albuterol had repeated serum troponin-T and lactate levels *** patients(55%)were also treated with continuous intravenous *** levels of troponin-T levels were found in 25%of children,and elevated lactate levels were found in 60%.However,all returned to normal levels within 48 hours of ICU admission,despite continued beta-agonist *** children experienced arrhythmias during *** was no association between intravenous terbutaline use and elevated troponin-T[odds ratio(OR),1.3;95%CI,0.2-10.3]or with elevated serum lactate(OR,0.6;95%CI,0.1-3.7).There was also no association between elevated troponin-T or lactate and ICU or hospital length of ***:In this small study,a significant proportion of children had elevated serum troponin-T and lactate levels while receiving inhaled continuous beta-agonist therapy,irrespective of intravenous ***,these abnormal values all returned to normal within 48 hours of ICU admission and were not associated with increased duration of hospitalization.

关键词： asthma beta-agonist pediatric

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Listening to music / 4th ed.

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2004年

作者： Wright craig m.

ISBN: (纸本)0534603726

This chronological text, which covers all the major periods in music history, offers instructors and students particular help in developing listening skills in three ways: First, a free "Introduction to Listening" CD comes packaged with each student copy of the text. This CD plays all of the music discussed in the music fundamentals chapters of the text and provides an audio guide called "Instrume

关键词： music appreciation

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A journey towards shared governance: status and prospects for collaborative management in the protected areas of Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 599-605,602-605页

作者： A. Z. m. manzoor Rashid Donna craig Sharif Ahmed mukul Niaz Ahmed Khan Environmental Law School of Law University of Western SydneyAustralia Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet Bangladesh School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia Department of Development Studies University of DhakaBangladesh

Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions：（1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CmC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.

关键词： protected area co-management Nishorgo IPAC govern-ance

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Accurate determination of DNA yield from individual mosquitoes for population genomic applications

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Insect Science 2009年第4期16卷 361-363页

作者： craig S. Wilding D. Weetman K. Steen m.J. Donnelly Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place Liverpool L3 5QA UK

Accurate estimates of DNA quantity are likely to become increasingly important for successful genomic screening of insect populations via recently developed, highly multiplexed genotyping assays and high-throughput sequencing methods. Here we show that genomic DNA extractions from single Anopheles gambiae Giles using a standard commercial kit-based methodology yield extracts with concentrations below the linear range of spectrophotometric absorbance at 260 nm. Concentrations determined by spectropho- tometry were not reproducible, and are therefore neither accurate nor reliable. However, DNA quantification using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain （PicoGreen） gave highly reproducible concentration estimates, and indicated that, on average, single mosquitoes yielded approximately 300 ng of DNA. Such a total yield is currently insufficient for many highthroughput genome screening applications, necessitating whole genome amplification of all or most individuals in a population prior to genotyping.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae DNA quantification mosquito picogreen spectrophotometry

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Partial Protection by Lipoic Acid Against Carboplantin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 198-206页

作者： KAZIm HUSAIN craig WHITWORTH SATU m. SOmANI LEONARD P. RYBAK Departments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Pharmacology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA

Objective To investigate the alterations in auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) and the changes of carboplatin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlear oxidant/antioxidant systems and otoprotection by an antioxidant lipoate. methods male wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows: 1) vehicle (saline) control, 2) carboplatin (256 mg/kg, i.p.), 3) lipoate (100 mg/kg, i.p.), 4) lipoate + carboplatin. Post-treatment ABRs were performed after four days and rats were sacrificed with their cochleae harvested and analyzed. Results Carboplatin significantly elevated ABR threshold above the pretreatment thresholds. Lipoate+carboplatin treated rats showed decreased elevation of hearing threshold. Carboplatin significantly depleted cochlear reduced to oxizized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, whereas lipoate+carboplatin treatment increased GSH/GSSG ratio. Carboplatin significantly decreased cochlear copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and enzyme protein expressions and a significant increase in mn-SOD activity, protein expression and malondialdehyde (mDA) level. Cochlear antioxidant enzyme activities, enzyme protein expressions and mDA level were partially restored in lipoate+carboplatin treated rats, compared to carboplatin alone. Conclusion Carboplatin-induced ototoxicity is related to impairment of cochlear antioxidant system and otoprotection conferred by lipoate is associated with partial sparing of the cochlear antioxidant defense system.

关键词： Carboplatin Alpha-lipoic acid Ototoxicity Antioxidants Rats

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Introduction_to_the_Practice_of_Statistics_6 6th ed

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2009年

作者： craig BLEYER

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The heritage of world civilizations / Combined ed.; 6th ed.

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2003年

作者： Albert m. craig ... [et al.].

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The Deep Carbon Observatory: A Ten-Year Quest to Study Carbon in Earth

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 372-378页

作者： craig m. Schiffries Andrea Johnson mangum Jennifer L. mays michelle Hoon-Starr Robert m. Hazen Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC 20015 USA

1. Overview The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a ten-year research program to investigate the quantities, movements, forms, and origins of carbon in Earth. more than 90% of Earth’s carbon may reside in the planet’s deep interior, and DCO’s overarching mission is to understand Earth’s entire carbon cycle—beyond the atmosphere, oceans, and shallow crustal environments, which have drawn most previous research attention—to include the deep carbon cycle [1,2]. A decade of focused research has led to major discoveries by DCO scientists on the physical, chemical, and biological roles of carbon in Earth.

关键词： Deep Carbon Earth

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