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Constraining Design:Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 30-41页

作者： craig k.allison Neville A.Stanton Solent University East Park TerraceSouthampton SO140YNUK Transportation Research Group University of SouthamptonBoldrewood Innovation CampusSouthampton SO167QFUK

The design with intent(DwI)toolkit assists designers in creating novel designs and ***,however,is not constrained to any degree,making it impossible to know whether the produced designs adequately account for users’*** contrast,cognitive work analysis(CWA)is a human factors research tool that seeks to map a system and account for users’needs,yet does not provide clear guidelines for progressing such analysis into workable designs with which users can *** paper seeks to present a proof-of-concept investigation to demonstrate that DwI can be suitably constrained and validated by insights gained from ***,in turn,benefits by having a suitable toolkit for progressing *** teams of individuals without design backgrounds were able to develop mock-up in-vehicle interfaces aimed at reducing fuel *** teams were able to use DwI toolkit to articulate the genesis of their ideas,which in turn could be directly linked to system needs identified within CWA.

关键词： Design with intent Cognitive work analysis Interface design Eco-driving

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Transient occult cardiotoxicity in children receiving continuous beta-agonist therapy

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期10卷 324-329页

作者： Christopher L Carroll Melinda Coro allison Cowl kathleen A Sala craig M Schramm Department of Pediatrics Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCTUSA

Background:Continuous beta-agonist therapy,typically in the form of inhaled albuterol,is the first line therapy for the treatment of acute and severe bronchospasm in *** this treatment is commonly used,concerns about cardiotoxicity have been *** aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic effects of continuous beta-agonist therapy in ***:We conducted a retrospective review of children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)between May 2008 and April 2009,who were treated with continuous beta-agonist therapy(intravenous and nebulized).Results:Twenty of the 36 children treated with continuous albuterol had repeated serum troponin-T and lactate levels *** patients(55%)were also treated with continuous intravenous *** levels of troponin-T levels were found in 25%of children,and elevated lactate levels were found in 60%.However,all returned to normal levels within 48 hours of ICU admission,despite continued beta-agonist *** children experienced arrhythmias during *** was no association between intravenous terbutaline use and elevated troponin-T[odds ratio(OR),1.3;95%CI,0.2-10.3]or with elevated serum lactate(OR,0.6;95%CI,0.1-3.7).There was also no association between elevated troponin-T or lactate and ICU or hospital length of ***:In this small study,a significant proportion of children had elevated serum troponin-T and lactate levels while receiving inhaled continuous beta-agonist therapy,irrespective of intravenous ***,these abnormal values all returned to normal within 48 hours of ICU admission and were not associated with increased duration of hospitalization.

关键词： asthma beta-agonist pediatric

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