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不同污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理各种药物的影响

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中国给水排水 2012年第13期28卷 99-102,108页

作者：杨程郭劲松 Belinda S.M.Sturm Rachael F.Lane craig d.adams Ray E.Carter 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院重庆400045 美国堪萨斯大学土木建筑与环境工程学院

运行4个实验室规模(3 L)的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),其污泥龄(SRT)分别为2、8、14、20 d。批次摇瓶试验通过设置3个工况(正常运行、加入生物抑制剂、无微生物)来讨论5种污泥(4个SBR和当地污水处理厂)对浓度为5μg/L的10种药物的处理效... 详细信息

运行4个实验室规模(3 L)的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),其污泥龄(SRT)分别为2、8、14、20 d。批次摇瓶试验通过设置3个工况(正常运行、加入生物抑制剂、无微生物)来讨论5种污泥(4个SBR和当地污水处理厂)对浓度为5μg/L的10种药物的处理效果,以及在一个运行周期(8 h)中吸附作用、生物降解作用和挥发损失的去除贡献。试验结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因基本能被去除,去除率在60%以上,立痛定、磺胺甲恶唑能被部分去除,去除率为30%～55%;降固醇酸、林肯霉素、甲氧苄啶的处理效果不好,去除率<15%。在相同污泥浓度下进行的摇瓶试验结果表明,对4种磺胺类药物的去除率为20%～60%,磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶主要依靠吸附作用去除,磺胺嘧啶则是依靠生物降解作用去除。从单因素方差分析可知,对磺胺类药物的去除效果与污泥龄有着显著的关系(p<0.02)。

关键词：活性污泥系统磺胺类抗生素污泥龄药物

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5d,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(Sd),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWd)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWd 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREAdY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Hadron and light nucleus radii from electron scattering

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第12期46卷 1-15页

作者：崔钫 daniele Binosi craig d.Roberts Sebastian M.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa Tambosi Strada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University Ⅲ.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Conceptually,radii are amongst the simplest Poincaré-invariant properties that can be associated with hadrons and light *** values of these quantities are necessary so that one may judge the character of putative solutions to the strong interaction problem within the Standard ***,limiting their ability to serve in this role,recent measurements and new analyses of older data have revealed uncertainties and imprecisions in the radii of the proton,pion,kaon,and *** the context of radius measurement using electron+hadron elastic scattering,the past decade has shown that reliable extraction requires minimisation of bias associated with practitioner-dependent choices of data fitting *** answers to that challenge have been offered;and this perspective describes the statistical Schlessinger point method(SPM),in unifying applications to proton,pion,kaon,and deuteron *** in analytic function theory,independent of assumptions about underlying dynamics,free from practitioner-induced bias,and applicable in the same form to diverse systems and observables,the SPM returns an objective expression of the information contained in any data under *** robust nature and versatility make it suitable for use in many branches of experiment and theory.

关键词： elastic electromagnetic form factors lepton scattering from hadrons and light nuclei emergence of mass muonic atoms proton Nambu-Goldstone modes-pion and kaon deuteron strong interactions in the standard model of particle physics

dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： debbie JEWITT craig d.MORRIS Tim G.O’CONNOR Michelle J.TEddER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

Core needle biopsy and embolization of fat-poor renal tumors in children with tuberous sclerosis complex

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期19卷 614-618页

作者： derek J.Roebuck Samantha Chippington Bligh d.Berry craig Gibson department of Medical Imaging Perth Children's Hospital15 Hospital AvenueNedlands 6009Australia division of Paediatrics Medical SchoolUniversity ofWestern AustraliaCrawley 6009Australia department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondon WCIN 3JHUK PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA Murdoch 6150Australia

Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is an autosomal dominant disease caused by inactivating germline mutations in TSC1 or *** genes code for hamartin and tuberin,proteins that normally form a complex that down-regulates the mechanistic(or mammalian)target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway,which is crucial to cell growth,proliferation and survival.

关键词： needle sclerosis biopsy

Formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlor(am)ination of aquarium seawater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 116-124页

作者： Haiting Zhang Huiyu dong craig adams Zhimin Qiang Gang Luan Lei Wang Key Laboratory of drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Utah State University Water Quality Analysis and Control Center Department of Life Support Equipments for Aquatic AnimalsBeijing Aquarium

The chemistry associated with the disinfection of aquarium seawater is more complicated than that of freshwater, therefore limited information is available on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts（dBPs） in marine aquaria. In this study, the effects of organic precursors, bromide（Br-） and pre-ozonation on the formation and speciation of several typical classes of dBPs, including trihalomethanes（THM4）, haloacetic acids（HAAs）,iodinated trihalomethanes（I-THMs）, and haloacetamides（HAc Ams）, were investigated during the chlorination/chloramination of aquarium seawater. Results indicate that with an increase in dissolved organic carbon concentration from 4.5 to 9.4 mg/L, the concentrations of THM4 and HAAs increased by 3.2-7.8 times under chlorination and by 1.1-2.3 times under chloramination. An increase in Br-concentration from 3 to 68 mg/L generally enhanced the formation of THM4, I-THMs and HAc Ams and increased the bromine substitution factors of all studied dBPs as well, whereas it impacted insignificantly on the yield of HAAs. Pre-ozonation with 1 mg/L O3 dose substantially reduced the formation of all studied dBPs in the subsequent chlorination and I-THMs in the subsequent chloramination. Because chloramination produces much lower amounts of dBPs than chlorination, it tends to be more suitable for disinfection of aquarium seawater.

关键词： disinfection byproducts Chlorination Chloramination Pre-ozonation Bromine substitution factorAquarium seawater

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丈量宇宙最强力

环球科学 2024年第11期 24-31页

作者：斯坦利·J.布罗德斯基亚历山大·德尔克雷格·d.罗伯茨李新鹏(翻译) 崔钫(审校) 美国斯坦福大学SLAC国家加速器实验室美国弗吉尼亚州纽波特纽斯市托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)国家加速器设施南京大学物理学院

宇宙中最强之力,也恰巧被称作强力。我们从来没有亲眼见证过它强大的力量,因为这种力仅作用在亚原子尺度。在这一尺度下,强力会将质子和中子中的夸克束缚在一起,然后将这些核子结合成原子核。宇宙中迄今为止已知的四种基本力是引力、电... 详细信息

宇宙中最强之力,也恰巧被称作强力。我们从来没有亲眼见证过它强大的力量,因为这种力仅作用在亚原子尺度。在这一尺度下,强力会将质子和中子中的夸克束缚在一起,然后将这些核子结合成原子核。宇宙中迄今为止已知的四种基本力是引力、电磁力、弱力和强力,其中强力是最强的——它是引力的100万亿万亿万亿(1038)倍。但与此同时,它也是我们现在所知最少的基本力。

关键词：亚原子引力夸克电磁力弱力原子核强力宇宙

Resolving the Bethe–Salpeter Kernel

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第7期38卷 17-22页

作者：秦思学 craig d.Roberts department of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A novel method for constructing a kernel for the meson bound-state problem is *** produces a closed form that is symmetry-consistent(discrete and continuous)with the gap equation defined by any admissible gluon-quark vertex,Γ.Applicable even when the diagrammatic content ofΓis unknown,the scheme can foster new synergies between continuum and lattice approaches to strong *** framework is illustrated by showing that the presence of a dressed-quark anomalous magnetic moment inΓ,an emergent feature of strong interactions,can remedy many defects of widely used meson bound-state kernels,including the mass splittings between vector and axial-vector mesons and the level ordering of pseudoscalar and vector meson radial excitations.

关键词： meson quark admissible

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 82-91页

作者： Runmiao Xue Ariel donovan Haiting Zhang Yinfa Ma craig adams John Yang Bin Hua Enos Inniss Todd Eichholz Honglan Shi department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center Missouri University of Science and Technology RoIIa MO 65409 USA Center for Single Nanoparticle Single Cell and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS3M) Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO 6S409 USA department of Civil Engineering Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Lincoln University of Missouri Jefferson City MO 65101 USA department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA Missouri department of Natural Resources Jefferson City MO 65102 USA

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products（dBPs） may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine（NdMA）, may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these dBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment *** test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon（PAC） sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. during alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite（except 3-（dimethylaminomethyl）indole（dMAI） and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine（dMAP））. PAC effectively removed dMAI and dMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors（dimethylamine（dMA）, ethylmethylamine（EMA）, diethylamine（dEA）, dipropylamine（dPA）, trimethylamine（TMA）, dMAP, and dMAI） during the alum coagulation process.

关键词： disinfection by-products drinking water treatment Ammonia removal by zeolite N-nitrosodimethylamine(NdMA) N-nitrosamines N-nitrosamine precursor removal by zeolite and powdered activated carbon