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美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组：阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义

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中华神经科杂志 2012年第5期45卷 336-344页

作者： sperling RA Aisen Ps Beckett LA Bennett DA craft s Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC siemers E stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平（译）郭起浩（译）黄丽（译）陆璐（译）张逸驰（译）邢怡（译）不详首都医科大学宣武医院神经科北京100053 复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科

阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会，但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生... 详细信息

阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会，但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议，以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据，我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准，以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的，目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识，以推进临床前AD的研究，最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展，使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病诊断指南临床前研究所协会老化美国轻度认知功能障碍

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认知策略教学对聋人学习者的影响

心理科学 2004年第1期27卷 193-197页

作者：张宁生黄丽娇 David s.Martin Anna craft 顾林辽宁师范大学大连116029 Gallaudet University The Open University 大连盲聋学校大连116021

为了向聋人学习者教授更高水平的认知策略 ,对英国和中国的两所聋校部分教师进行了特别的培训。让两国教师在课堂教学中运用这些策略 ,为时 6个月 ,每周至少两次。对学生进行的测量包括 :瑞文非文字推理测验 (1 959)、认知行为系统观察... 详细信息

为了向聋人学习者教授更高水平的认知策略 ,对英国和中国的两所聋校部分教师进行了特别的培训。让两国教师在课堂教学中运用这些策略 ,为时 6个月 ,每周至少两次。对学生进行的测量包括 :瑞文非文字推理测验 (1 959)、认知行为系统观察检核表 (Martin&craft,1 998)、及学生对批判性和创造性问题情境所做出的回答。把研究结果与美国以前一项类似研究(Martin&Jones,1 985)进行比较。在中、英、美这三个国家的比较中 ,得到的结果几乎一样 :三个国家的学生都在推理能力上得到提高 ;在包含批判性思维 (不包含创造性思维 )的真实情境下 ,解决问题的能力得到发展 ;在课堂上使用认知词汇的能力也提高了 ,并且表述他人观点的能力上有所提高。经过认知策略教学的实施 ,教师身上也发生了变化 :中国教师在认知策略教学中更多的运用恒常的次序 ;三个国家的教师在认知术语的运用 ,问题解决策略。

关键词：认知策略教学聋人学习者比较研究推理能力批判性思维创造性思维认知行为系统

Does low volume high-intensity interval training elicit superior benefits to continuous low to moderate-intensity training in cancer survivors?

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第1期9卷 1-12页

作者： Kellie Toohey Kate Pumpa Andrew McKune Julie Cooke Katrina D DuBose Desmond Yip Paul craft stuart semple Discipline of sport and Exercise science Faculty of Health University of Canberra Research Institute for sport and Exercise University of Canberra Health Research Institute University of Canberra Discipline of Biokinetics Exercise and Leisure Sciences School of Health Sciences University of Kwa ZuluNatal the College of Health and Hunan Performance East Carolina University ANU Medical school the Australian National University Health Research Institute University of Canberra

AIM To determine the impact ofm low volume high-intensity interval training(LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate-intensity exercise training(CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer *** sedentary cancer survivors(n=75,aged 51±12year)within 24 months of diagnosis,were randomised into three groups for 12 wk of LVHIIT(n=25),CLMIT(n=25)or control group(n=25).The exercise intervention involved 36 sessions(three sessions per week).The LVHIIT group performed 7 x 30 s intervals(≥85%predicted maximal heart rate)with a 60 s rest between intervals,and the CLMIT group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min(≤55%predicted maximal heart rate)on a stationary *** variables were measured at baseline and at12 weeks and analysed using a 3 x 2(group x time)repeated measures ANCOVA to evaluate main and interaction *** significant improvements(time)were observed for seven of the 22 variables(Es 0.35-0.97,P≤0.05).There was an interaction effect(Psix-minute walk test(Psit to stand test(Pst circumference reduction(P=0.01;d=-0.48;95%CI:-1.10,0.10;medium).An interaction effect(Ps also observed for quality of life in both the LVHIIT(d=1.11;95CI:0.50,1.72;large)and CLMIT(d=0.57;95%CI:-0.00,1.20;moderate)compared with the control group(d=-0.15;95%CI:-0.95,0.65;trivial).CONCLUsION Low-volume high-intensity training shows promise as an effective exercise prescription within the cancer population,showing greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness,lower body strength and waist circumference compared with traditional CLMIT and control *** LVHIIT and CLMIT improved quality of life.A proposed benefit of LVHIIT is the short duration(3 min)of exercise required,which may entice more cancer survivors to participate in exercise,improving health outcomes and lowing the risk of CVD.

关键词： High-intensity exercise Health Oncology Exercise prescription

Carbonic Anhydrase III s-Glutathionylation Is Necessary for Anti-Oxidant Activity

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Yangtze Medicine 2018年第4期2卷 244-254页

作者： P. Roy M. Ireland s. Roy J. craft C. Bartholomew Department of Biological & Biomedical sciences School of Health & Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University City Campus Glasgow UK

Carbonic anhydrase isozyme CA3 protects cells against oxidative stress. Ectopic expression of murine Ca3, but not Ca2, protects proto-oncogene Evi1 expressing Rat1 fibroblast cells (ca3low) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced stress. Ca3 is s-glutathionylated via glutathione adducts with cysteines 181 and 186. substitution of both Ca3 cysteines with serine fails to protect cells from oxidative stress. Insertion of cysteine at 181 and 186 in Ca2 is insufficient for conferring efficient anti-oxidant activity. This shows for the first time that s-glutathionylation of cys181 and cys186 residues is required for Ca3 anti-oxidant activity but that additional factors are also required.

关键词： CA3 CAIII Carbonic Anhydrase III s-Glutathionylation Apoptosis Anti-Oxidant

Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： Miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.shaff David J.schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric J.craft Tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael M.shaw Ithipong Assaranurak susan R.Mc Couch Craig sturrock Malcolm Bennett Leon V.Kochian UsDA-ARs Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RsA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RsA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RsA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RsA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

A Numerical study on the Asymmetric Water Entry of A Wedge section

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海洋工程：英文版 2004年第4期18卷 595-604页

作者： M. s. seif s. M. Mousaviraad s. H. saddathosseini Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

The effect of the asymmetric water entry over a submerged part of a ship on the hydrodynamic impact is investigated numerically. A wedge body is considered and the problem is assumed to be two-dimensional. The results of symmetric and asymmetric impacts are compared. The effect is found significant in the numerical simulation. The maximum hydrodynamic pressure at a heel angle of 10 degrees becomes about 95% more than that of the symmetric entry. The result of the present work proves the importance of asymmetrical hydrodynamic impact loading for structural design of a ship. Besides, the numerical procedure is not limited to a wedge type cross section and it is possible to apply it for any real geometry of ships and high-speed craft.

关键词： asymmetric water entry hydrodynamic impact

Effect of silicon carbide and wire-mesh reinforcements in dissimilar grade aluminium explosive clad composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第6期16卷 1160-1166页

作者： s.saravanan K.Raghukandan Department of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnaduIndia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnaduIndia

Aluminium composites are inevitable in the manufacture of aircraft structural elements owing to less weight,superior corrosion resistance and higher specific *** composites reduce the weight of the aircraft,improve the fuel efficiency and enhance the maintenance *** study proposes the development of dissimilar grade aluminium(aluminium 1100-aluminium 5052)composites with different reinforcement’s viz.,stainless steel wire-mesh,silicon carbide(siC)powders and siC powder interspersed wire-mesh,by explosive cladding ***-mesh enhances the friction and restricts the movement of flyer plate to craft a defect free clad,while siC particles form a band on the *** strength is obtained when siC powder interspersed wire mesh is employed as *** dissimilar aluminium explosive clad with siC particle reinforcement results in lower strength,which is higher than that of the weaker parent alloy and that of the conventional dissimilar aluminium explosive clads without any reinforcement.

关键词： Explosive cladding Aluminium Wire mesh silicon carbide Microstructure strength

Analysis of the Antimicrobial Properties of Thanaka, a Burmese Powder Used to Treat Acne

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第7期5卷 1-6页

作者： Elizabeth V. seiverling Jordan P. Trubiano Jacqueline C. Williams Hadjh T. Ahrns David W. craft Matthew R. England Departments of Dermatology Family and Community Medicine and Pathology Pennsylvania State University - Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA

Thanaka, powder from Hesperethusa crenulata tree bark, has been used in Burmese culture for acne treatment and prevention for over 2000 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of thanaka against staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion revealed no zones of inhibition for thanaka against the tested microorganisms. Disk diffusion may not be the best modality for definitive analysis of the antimicrobial activity of thanaka. Furthermore, the utility of thanaka in acne treatment may be related to anti-inflammatory, rather than antimicrobial properties.

关键词： Thanaka Myanmar Disk Diffusion Propionibacterium acnes

Mechanical Behavior of Panels Reinforced with Orthogonal Plant Fabrics: Experimental and Numerical Assessment

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第10期12卷 1791-1810页

作者： Martha L.sánchez G.Capote Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Programa de Ingeniería CivilBogotá110111Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de FísicaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá111321Colombia

The construction sector is one of the main sources of pollution,due to high energy consumption and the toxic substances generated during the processing and use of traditional *** production of cement,steel,and other conventional materials impacts both ecosystems and human health,increasing the demand for ecological and biodegradable *** this paper,we analyze the properties of panels made from a combination of plant fibers and castor oil resin,analyzing the viability of their use as construction *** the research,orthogonal fabrics made with waste plant fibers supplied by a company that deals with the manufacture of furniture and craft products were *** fabrics were made with strips of plant fibers of the Calamus rotang,Bambusa vulgaris,Heteropsis flexuosa,and salix viminalis *** improve their compatibility with the castor oil resin,a cold argon plasma treatment was *** effect of the treatment on the properties of the fibers and the panels was *** density,water absorption capacity,and swelling percentage were ***,compression,static bending,and linear buckling tests were carried *** study found that panels made with treated fiber fabrics exhibited a reduction of approximately 10%in absorption capacity and up to 35%in swelling percentage *** made with Bambusa vulgaris fabrics exhibited the highest strength and stiffness *** models were constructed using commercial finite element *** comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones,differences of less than 15%were seen,demonstrating that the models allow adequately predicting the analyzed *** comparing the values obtained with the characteristic values of oriented strand board,the results suggest that panels made with unconventional materials could replace commercial panels traditionally made with wood-based fibers and particles and other composite materials in several applications in the c

关键词： Unconventional materials nonstructural panels plantfibers surface treatment physical properties mechanical properties