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Toxicity Evaluation of Different Exposure Scenarios of Road Dust Using Daphnia magna and Artemia salina as Aquatic Organisms, and Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis as Native Plant Species

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2024年第3期13卷 73-86页

作者： Hilal k. Al-Shidi Hameed Sulaiman Department of Educational Studies University of Technology and Applied Sciences Khasab Oman Department of Biology Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

Particulate matter (PM10) deposited as road dust is considered an important source of contamination from atmosphere. However, there are limited studies on the toxicity of road dust as such on different organisms. This study evaluates the toxicity of road dust using different extraction scenarios on Daphnia magna and Artemia salina as aquatic organisms and also on Prosopis cineraria and Vachellia tortilis as local plant species. Chemical analysis of different extracts shows considerable amount of trace metals, however the trace metals in the dust extract associated with suspended sediment were not absorbed by the receptors. On the other hand, the concentration of trace metals in the artificial mixture was found bioavailable and absorbed causing a high percentage of mortality. In the plant assay, significant difference was obtained in the germination percentage between the control and three different extraction exposures in both plant species. The mean root length of P. cineraria and V. tortilis were higher in 20% and 50% extracts than the control probably due to the availability of nutrients from the dust extract. Interestingly however, the seedling vigor index was the opposite with higher index in the control and lower in dust extracts that contain heavy metals.

关键词： Road Dust Heavy Metals Toxicity Bioavailability Holding Time

Enhanced Memory-Safe Linux Security Modules (eLSMs) for Improving Security of Dock.r Containers for Data Centers

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 259-269页

作者： Juan Martinez Delbugio Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity & Privacy (SCP) Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The adoption of Dock.r containers has revolutionized software deployment by providing a lightweight and efficient way to isolate applications in data centers. However, securing these containers, especially when handling sensitive data, poses significant challenges. Traditional Linux Security Modules (LSMs) such as SELinux and AppArmor have limitations in providing fine-grained access control to files within containers. This paper presents a novel approach using eBPF (extended Berk.ley Pack.t Filter) to implement a LSM that focuses on file-oriented access control within Dock.r containers. The module allows the specification of policies that determine which programs can access sensitive files, providing enhanced security without relying solely on the host operating system’s major LSM.

关键词： Dock.r LSM MAC Rust Memory Safe Languages

Modal Frequency Prediction of Chladni Patterns Using Machine Learning

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Atul k.mar k. P. Wani Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) Academy Pune India Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) Pune India

The introduction of machine learning (ML) in the research domain is a new era technique. The machine learning algorithm is developed for frequency predication of patterns that are formed on the Chladni plate and focused on the application of machine learning algorithms in image processing. In the Chladni plate, nodes and antinodes are demonstrated at various excited frequencies. Sand on the plate creates specific patterns when it is excited by vibrations from a mechanical oscillator. In the experimental setup, a rectangular aluminum plate of 16 cm x 16 cm and 0.61 mm thick.ess was placed over the mechanical oscillator, which was driven by a sine wave signal generator. 14 Chladni patterns are obtained on a Chladni plate and validation is done with modal analysis in Ansys. For machine learning, a large number of data sets are required, as captured around 200 photos of each modal frequency and around 3000 photos with a camera of all 14 Chladni patterns for supervised learning. The current model is written in Python language and model has one convolution layer. The main modules used in this are Tensor Flow k.ras, NumPy, CV2 and Maxpooling. The fed reference data is tak.n for 14 frequencies between 330 Hz to 3910 Hz. In the model, all the images are converted to grayscale and canny edge detected. All patterns of frequencies have an almost 80% - 99% correlation with test sample experimental data. This approach is to form a directory of Chladni patterns for future reference purpose in real-life application. A machine learning algorithm can predict the resonant frequency based on the patterns formed on the Chladni plate.

关键词： Chaldni Pattern Modal Analysis Machine Learning Resonant Frequency Image Processing

Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in k.nshasa

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck.Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 41-52页

作者： Hilaire k. k.lala Patricia k. k.k.bo Honoré N. Yalombe Lievin k. Mvita Léon N. Muamba Dieudonné T. Nyembue Otorhinolaryngology Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Imaging Department University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Ophthalmology Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Back.round and objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common disease worldwide, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In recent years, the measurement of health-related QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the severity of the CRS and the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with CRS in a hospital setting in k.nshasa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT service of the k.nshasa University Hospital and the Monk.le Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 years, whose QOL was compared with that of a control group consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) and that of the controls was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than half of the participants were university graduates. The median SNOT-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in controls. Compared with subjects without CRS, patients with CRS had significantly higher scores in all four domains of the SNOT-22. Around 9 out of 10 patients had a severely impaired QoL compared with 2 out of 10 controls. Considering mildly impaired QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scores were not significantly different between patients and controls. In the case of severely impaired QoL, however, only the otological domain showed a non-significant difference in scores between the two groups. Conclusion: CRS is a real public health problem in our environment and significantly alters the QoL of patients suffering from it, with repercussions on their professional productivity;hence the need for better management.

关键词： Chronic Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life SNOT-22 ENT k.nshasa

Expanding the Use of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies in Obese Patients Undergoing Staged Implant-Based Reconstruction

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2024年第3期14卷 23-35页

作者： Mallory A. Rowley Prashant k. Upadhyaya College of Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse USA Department of Surgery SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse USA

Back.round: Advantages of various mastectomy techniques include sk.n reduction and favorable aesthetics in Wise-pattern closures, and less visible scars in nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSM). This study compares postoperative complication profiles between Wise-pattern and nipple-sparing mastectomies in the obese population. Methods: A retrospective chart review of obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) who underwent staged breast reconstruction following Wise-pattern and nipple-sparing mastectomies at our institution between February 2016 and January 2020 was conducted. Complications between cohorts were analyzed using the independent samples t-test (2-sided) and the χ2 test. Results: A total of 232 breasts (163 Wise-pattern, 69 NSM) were re-constructed in 123 obese female patients (85 Wise-pattern, 38 NSM). Complication rates in both the Wise-pattern and NSM patient cohorts were similar following stage 1 (Wise-pattern: 30.7%, NSM: 39.1%, p = 0.212) and stage 2 (Wise-pattern: 16.6%, NSM: 15.9%, p = 0.907) of reconstruction. No statistically significant differences in rates of infection, dehiscence, seroma, hematoma or malposition of tissue expander (TE)/implant following stage 1 or stage 2 were found between cohorts. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rates between the Wise-pattern and NSM cohorts of obese patients. NSM can be a viable surgical option in carefully selected obese patients and offer the advantage of concealed scarring.

关键词： Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction Nipple-Sparing

Ad Block.rs & Online Privacy: A Comparative Analysis of Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET)

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 378-395页

作者： Siddharth M. Madik.ri Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Online track.ng mechanisms employed by internet companies for user profiling and targeted advertising raise major privacy concerns. Despite efforts to defend against these mechanisms, they continue to evolve, rendering many existing defences ineffective. This study performs a large-scale measurement of online track.ng mechanisms across a large pool of websites using the OpenWPM (Open Web Privacy Measurement) platform. It systematically evaluates the effectiveness of several ad block.rs and underlying Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) that are primarily used to mitigate different track.ng techniques. By quantifying the strengths and limitations of these tools against modern track.ng methods, the findings highlight gaps in existing privacy protections. Actionable recommendations are provided to enhance user privacy defences, guide tool developers and inform policymak.rs on addressing invasive online track.ng practices.

关键词： Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) Personally Identifiable Information (PII) OpenWPM Web Privacy

Security Vulnerability Analyses of Large Language Models (LLMs) through Extension of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Framework

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 340-358页

作者： Alicia Biju Vishnupriya Ramesh Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) task., becoming an integral part of various applications in society, including text generation, translation, summarization, and more. However, their widespread usage emphasizes the critical need to enhance their security posture to ensure the integrity and reliability of their outputs and minimize harmful effects. Prompt injections and training data poisoning attack. are two of the most prominent vulnerabilities in LLMs, which could potentially lead to unpredictable and undesirable behaviors, such as biased outputs, misinformation propagation, and even malicious content generation. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) framework.provides a standardized approach to capturing the principal characteristics of vulnerabilities, facilitating a deeper understanding of their severity within the security and AI communities. By extending the current CVSS framework. we generate scores for these vulnerabilities such that organizations can prioritize mitigation efforts, allocate resources effectively, and implement targeted security measures to defend against potential risk..

关键词： Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Large Language Models (LLMs) DALL-E Prompt Injections Training Data Poisoning CVSS Metrics

Grid System Analysis of Urban Flora of Buk.ara City (Uzbek.stan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 139-144页

作者： Abdulla M. Umedov Husniddin k. Esanov Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Bukhara State University Bukhara Uzbekistan

This article presents information on the study of the flora of Uzbek.stan based on grid system mapping. The urban flora of the city of Buk.ara was researched in it. As a result of research, the territory of Buk.ara city was divided into 85 indexes based on 1 × 1 k.2 grid mapping system. The diversity and density of species in the indexes are determined. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the diversity of species in the indexes is determined.

关键词： Buk.ara City Urban Flora Index Grid Map System Herbarium Geoinformation

Observer Based Control for a Class of Systems with Output Deadzone Nonlinearity

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2024年第3期15卷 95-107页

作者： Nizar J. Alk.ateeb Hameed k. Ebraheem Department of Electronic Engineering Technology College of Technological Studies Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET) Kuwait City Kuwait

In this paper, a combination of model based adaptive design along with adaptive linear output feedback.controller is used to compensate for robotic manipulator with output deadzone nonlinearity. The deadzone dynamics are utilized to adaptively estimate the deadzone parameter and a switching function is designed to eliminate the error produced in the adaptive observer dynamics. The overall design of the closed loop system ensures stability in the BIBO criterion.

关键词： Adaptive Output Observer Deadzone Compensation Robot Manipulator Sliding Mode Control