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Identification of Natural and Artificial Colorants in Industrial Products Marketed in Senegal

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1232-1243页

作者： Alé Kane Papa Amadou Diakhaté Ngoné Fall Bèye Alioune Sow coumba gueye sagna Mady Cissé Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Sénégal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Sénégal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Sénégal

Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.

关键词： Colorant Artificial Natural Food Additives Food Safety

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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in Dakar: Frequency and Diversity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye coumba gueye sagna Papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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Modeling and Optimization of Interaction between Small Coastal Pelagic Fish, their Biological Predators and Fishermen

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Open Journal of Optimization 2021年第1期10卷 13-27页

作者： Ibrahima Diedhiou Salimata gueye Diagne Fambaye Ngom Sow coumba Diallo Diop Ndiaga Thiam Gabriel Birame Ndiaye Aissatou Fall Ndoye gueye Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (DMI) UCAD Dakar Senegal Oceanographic Research Center Dakar Thiaroye (CRODT) Dakar Senegal Direction of Maritime Fisheries (DPM) Dakar Senegal

Small coastal pelagic fish are one of the fish families most affected by sea fishing. This man-made phenomenon leads to an imbalance in the marine and coastal ecosystem and is one of the main causes of migration north and offshore of the ranges. We used the ordinary differential equations to model the interactions existing between small pelagic resources and fishermen. Modelling follows the same of the Lotka-Volterra equations with a difference in the number of variables. This study confirmed the instability of the marine ecosystem. The objective is first of all to model a system of three interacting individuals composed of two distinct types of predators and two types of prey, and then optimise this interaction with the aim of conserving biodiversity in the ecosystem under study. Determining the Jacobian matrix made it possible to calculate the reproduction rate basic (R0). The study of the strong connectedness has made it possible to reduce the number of variables without losing the objective of the study. A computer program implemented on the language computer python facilitated the visualisation of the results.

关键词： Small Coastal Pelagics Ordinary Differential Equations Modelling Optimisation Basic Reproduction Rate

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Factors associated with mortality in congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center in Senegal

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 24-29页

作者： Tshibwid A Zeng Papa Alassane Mbaye Doudou gueye Ndèye Fatou Seck Ibrahima Bocar Wellé Rosalie Niang Youssouph Diedhiou Mbaye Fall Ndèye Aby Ndoye Aloïse sagna Oumar Ndour Gabriel Ngom Department of Pediatric Surgery Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital CenterUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal Department of Pediatric Surgery Aristide Le Dantec University Teaching HospitalUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal

Objective Patients with congenital malformations(CMs)of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)have a very high ***,the literature on the factors associated with mortality in these patients is scarce in sub-Saharan *** aim of this study is to identify independent risk factors for mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT at our pediatric surgical *** We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases with CMs of the GIT managed at a tertiary center from 2018 to *** were subdivided into two groups based on the outcomes,and variables with a significant difference were analyzed by logistic *** Our review included 226 patients,63 of whom died(27.88%).Patient age ranged from 0 to 15 *** into account statistical significance,mortality was more frequent in neonates than in older patients(57.30%vs 6.15%),in patients coming out of the Dakar area than in those from the Dakar area(43.75%vs 19.18%),in patients with abnormal prenatal ultrasound than in those with normal ultrasound(100%vs 26.67%),in premature children than in those born at term(78.57%vs 21.87%),in patients with an additional malformation than in those with an isolated malformation(69.23%vs 25.35%),and in those with intestinal,esophageal,duodenal and colonic atresia than in those with other diagnoses(100%,89%,56.25%and 50%,respectively).Referred patients died more than those who changed hospitals or came from home(55.29%vs 25%and 9.09%,respectively).On multivariable logistic regression,two independent factors of mortality were identified:presence of associated malformation[odds ratio(OR)=13.299;95%Confidence interval(CI)1.370 to 129.137]and diagnosis of esophageal atresia(OR=46.529;95%CI 5.828 to 371.425).Conclusion The presence of an associated malformation or diagnosis of esophageal atresia increases mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT in our environment.

关键词： mortality diagnosis congenital

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Treating Hypertension in the Workplace: Can the Numbers Be Controlled in 3 Months?

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第4期12卷 318-324页

作者： Asséga Sylvain sagna Ibrahima Diarra Serigne Mor Beye Mossane Dominique Ndour Modou Mbacké gueye Mame Thioro Aïssatou Fall Boto SA Managem Group Kdougou Sngal Department of Health sciences Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal International Committee of the Red Cross Dakar Senegal West Africa Farm (WAF) Yamane Louga Sngal

Hypertension is a public health problem that affects both developed and developing countries. Senegal is making significant progress in the fight against this and other chronic, non-communicable diseases. Achieving blood pressure control within three months of treatment is an important pillar of Senegal’s strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the achievement of blood pressure control within three months of treatment at SCL. Our results show the need to strengthen blood pressure management skills of healthcare staff.

关键词： High Blood Pressure Non-Communicable Disease ABPM Treatment Target Senegal

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Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical, Etiological and Therapeutic Aspects of Liver Cirrhosis in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第11期12卷 317-323页

作者： Marie Louise Bassène Salamata Diallo Marieme Polele Fall Mame Aissé Thioubou Téné Sidibé coumba Cissé Mamadou Ngoné gueye Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Idrissa Pouye Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a global public health issue. Our aim was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of liver cirrhosis in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with a descriptive focus covering the period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31, 2020. We included the medical records of patients which presented body of clinical and paraclinical arguments which supported the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The data collected were related to age, gender, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and prognosis aspects of cirrhosis and were analyzed with the software Sphinx Plus. Results: Prevalence of cirrhosis was 6.2%. Sex ratio was 2.1%. The average age was 38 years. Asthenia (60.9%), altered performance status (60.1%), abdominal pain (37.2%), gastrointestinal bleeding (29.6%) and abdominal swelling (27.8%) were the most common motives of consultation. Physical examination revealed primarily portal hypertension (74.9%), liver failure (2.4%), hepatomegaly (28.2%) and anemia (13.7%). Viral hepatitis B was the most common etiology (81.9%). Abdominal screening (ultrasound/CT scan) showed hepatomegaly (80.6%), liver dysmorphia (87.7%), portal hypertension signs (85.3%) and portal vein thrombosis (18.2%). 55.1% Patients were classified as Child Pugh A, 33.8% were Child Pugh B and 11.1% were Child Pugh C. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) was prescribed to all patients affected by hepatitis B virus only. Evolution was characterized by clinical improvement and prognosis reclassification. Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis is a frequent pathology in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar. It affects young male adult. Hepatitis B virus is the leading cause. TDF is an effective treatment.

关键词： Cirrhosis Viral Hepatitis B Portal Hypertension Liver Failure Hepatomegaly

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Evaluation of the Knowledge of CT Scan Prescribers on Patients’ Radioprotection in Senegal

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2019年第3期9卷 204-217页

作者： Serigne Moussa Badiane Pape Ibrahima Sane coumba Ndoffene Ndiaye Kalidou gueye Oumar Ndoye Kuassi M. Amoussou-Guenou Mamadou Mbodji Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Abomey-Clavi Benin University Benin

Medical imaging has enabled major improvements in the medical care of the patient. However, some of these tests have the disadvantage of using ionizing radiation at low doses. Although the CT scan is a powerful diagnostic tool, it remains a highly radiant imaging modality. In addition, the risk of radiation-induced cancer associated with low X-ray doses is established by the American Phase 2 study BEIR VII, and preventive measures require a good level of knowledge on radioprotection by imaging test prescribers. In our study, we evaluated the knowledge of CT scan prescribers in Senegal regarding patient radioprotection. These prescribers consisted of physicians and surgeons without distinction of specialty. Our objective was to have the required data for optimizing CT prescriptions in compliance with the principles of radioprotection. Our work focused on a descriptive analytical study of 107 doctors who prescribed CT scan in public health institutions in Senegal. Our results revealed poor knowledge of doctors prescribing CT scan on induced radio risks, even though the majority of them stated that they took those risks into account. Our data were not isolated, they were applicable to similar studies conducted outside Senegal. In summary, our study led on the one hand to recommendations on initial and continuing training and on the other hand on organizational and regulatory considerations.

关键词： Radioprotection Risk of Radiation-Induced Cancer CT Scan Prescribers Health Institutions in Senegal

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Evaluation of the Care of Children Aged 0 to 10 Years Hospitalized for Severe Malaria at the Tambacounda Health Center, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 581-594页

作者： Tidiane Gadiaga Aminata Fall Alioune Badara gueye Siré sagna Bayal Cissé Mouhamadou Faly Ba Médoune Ndiop Babacar gueye Samba Cor Sarr Sylla Thiam Elhadji Ba Konko Ciré Jean Louis Abdou Ndiaye Issa Wone Directorate of Research Planning and Statistics Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Presidents Malaria Initiative USAID Dakar Senegal Tambacounda Health District Ministry of Health and Social Action Tambacounda Senegal Institute of Health and Development Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Dakar Senegal UFR Sant Faculty of Medicine Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal

Introduction: Malaria remains a public health priority in Senegal, particularly in Tambacounda, where it is one of the main causes of child mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the care of children under 10 years of age hospitalized at the Tambacounda Health Center and the factors associated with recovery. Methods: An analytical, retrospective, and descriptive cross-sectional study with exhaustive recruitment of children 0 to 120 months hospitalized at the Tambacounda reference health center for severe malaria (according to WHO criteria) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 was performed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. Records, hospitalization records, and treatment records were the sources of collection. Data entry and analysis were performed on Epi Info 7.2 and R. Results: A total of 481 children hospitalized with severe malaria were recruited. The highest number of cases was recorded in 2018 (33.05%). In the four years of the study, peaks were always observed between October and November and the highest peak in November 2020 with 95 cases. The mean age was 65.64 months with a standard deviation of 29.28 months and a predominance of male (53.43%). The majority of people were admitted from the outpatient clinic (57.79%) and the rest (42.21%) on the recommendation of a peripheral health post. All hospitalized patients had a positive RDT and/or a positive thick drop. However, the sharp decline at admission or during hospitalization was positive in 93.80% of patients in our series, negative in 5.20% and not achieved in 1.00%. Seizures and severe anemia topped the list of signs of severity with 45.94% and 8.11%, respectively. In terms of evolution, for all hospitalized patients, there were 81.29% recovery, 10.19% referral to the Tambacounda regional hospital center for hospitalization, 4.99% death, 0.83% discharge and 2.70% unknown evolution. There was a statistically significant association between recovery without referral f

关键词： Severe Malaria Children Tambacounda Senegal

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Persistent Congenital Paraurethral Cyst, a Rare Cause of Dysuria in a Girl

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第3期13卷 83-87页

作者： Doudou gueye Ndeye Fatou Seck Florent Tshibwid A. Zeng Papa Alassane Mbaye Ibrahima Bocar Wellé Lissoune Cissé Ndeye Aby Ndoye Aloïse sagna Department of Pediatric Surgery Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Centre Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Congenital paraurethral cyst rarely occurs. Its natural history is spontaneous regression, leading to conservative management adoption. We report an exceptional case of a 13-year-old female with a persistent congenital paraurethral cyst, leading to dysuria. We surgically excised the cyst, and the outcomes were unremarkable 20 months postoperatively.

关键词： Congenital Paraurethral Cyst Persistent Dysuria Girl Surgical Excision

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Portal Thrombosis: Clinical, Etiological and Therapeutic Aspects in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第11期11卷 220-229页

作者： Salamata Diallo coumba Ndaw Diagne Marie Louise Bassène Mamadou Ngoné gueye Mariéme Polele Fall Mame Aissé Thioubou Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Cissé Daouda Dia Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Sénégal Dakar Senegal Hôpital Idrissa Pouye Dakar Sénégal Dakar Senegal Hôpital de la paix Ziguinchor Sénégal Dakar Senegal

Background: Portal thrombosis (PT) is a rare pathology. Its prevalence is estimated at 1%. Its consequences depend on the acute or chronic nature, the extent of the clot and the etiology. In Sub-Saharan Africa, very few studies have been devoted to it. Patients and Method: The objective of our work was to determine the prevalence of PT and to describe its clinical and etiological presentation as well as its therapeutic management in the Hepato-gastroenterology department of the Aristide Le Dantec hospital in Dakar. This was a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study during the period from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. It included all patients followed in ambulatory or inpatient, who presented a PT objectively determined by a medical imaging examination (ultrasound and/or CT scan). Age, gender, clinical and radiological aspects, proposed treatments and etiology of PT were collected. Results: We collected 71 observations. The prevalence of PT was 1.9%. The mean age of the patients was 41 years 15 and 75 years. A predominance of men was found with a sex ratio of 2.73. The clinical manifestations were dominated by abdominal pain (74.6%), ascites (35.7%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (25.4%). Imaging allowed the diagnosis to be made in 50 patients on ultrasound and 21 patients on abdominal CT scan. PT was acute in 5 patients and chronic in 66 patients. Thrombosis was complete in 71.4% of cases and extended to the spleno-mesaraic venous trunk and the superior mesenteric vein in 2.8% and 8.4% respectively. Etiological research found cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma in 67.6% of cases, cirrhosis with cruoric thrombosis in 21.1% of cases, a combined protein C and S deficiency in 1.4% of cases. No aetiology was objectified in 9.9% of cases. Treatment with beta-blockers was initiated in 32 patients. Anticoagulant treatment was performed in one patient. Evo

关键词： Portal Thrombosis Cirrhosis Portal Hypertension

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