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Structural and Thermomechanical Study of Plastic Films Made from Cassava-Starch Reinforced with Kaolin and Metakaolin

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第1期9卷 41-54页

作者： Namory Meite léon Koffi Konan Drissa Bamba Bi Irié Hervé Goure-Doubi Samuel Oyetola laboratory of Materials Chemistry Felix Houphouet Boigny University Cocody-Abidjan Ivory Coast laboratory of Water Chemistry Training School of Abidjan (ENS) Abidjan Ivory Coast laboratory of Biological Sciences Péléforo Gon Coulibaly University of Korhogo Korhogo Ivory Coast

The structural and thermomechanical properties of starch-based plastic films reinforced with kaolin and metakaolin have been studied by various techniques (X-ray diffraction, IR-TF spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, and thermal resistance). The results obtained showed that kaolin, an inert material, prevents the starch from losing its granular structure and to solubilize during the heating, generating plastic films of low Young’s modulus (7 MPa). On the other hand, metakaolin, an amorphous and dehydroxylated material obtained after heating of kaolin at 700°C for 1 hour, substantially improves the thermomechanical properties of the plastic films. The Young’s modulus increases from 19 MPa to 25 MPa while the thermal resistance increases from 90°C to 120°C. This was attributed to good dispersion of the metakaolin in the polymer matrix after the loss of the granular structure of the starch during heating.

关键词： Cassava Starch Plastic Films Kaolin Metakaolin Stress at Break Young’s Modulus

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Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration in Rural and Urban Environments: Cases of lamto and Abidjan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第11期12卷 855-872页

作者： Adjon A. Kouassi Madina Doumbia Siélé Silue Eric M. Yao Alima Dajuma Marcellin Adon N'datchoh E. Touré Véronique Yoboue laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology (lSTE) Jean Lorougnon Guede University Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Peleforo Gon coulibaly University Korhogo C&ocirc te d’Ivoire laboratory of Matter Sciences Environment and Solar Energy (LASMES) Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Black carbon is one of the primary aerosols directly emitted from biomass known to have strong absorbing properties. The INDAAF and PASMU observational field campaigns which took place (2018) in Abidjan (urban area) and lamto (rural area) allow the analysis of Black carbon concentration at different time scales through real-time measurements using an analyzer named Aethalometer AE-33. Results presented here show at lamto: 1) for the diurnal scale an average of 1.71 ± 0.3 μg⋅m-3 (0.34 ± 0.09 μg⋅m-3) in the dry (wet) season;2) for the monthly scale an average of 1.14 ± 0.84 μg⋅m-3;3) on the seasonal scale, an average of 2.2 ± 0.02 μg⋅m-3 (0.6 ± 0.19 μg⋅m-3) in the dry (wet) season. The black carbon variation at lamto is seasonal with an amplification factor of 85.6. Regarding the urban area of Abidjan, due to sampling issues, our analyses were limited to daily, diurnal and weekly time scales. We observed: a) at a daily scale an average of 5.31.± 2.5 μg⋅m-3, b) diurnal scale, an average ranging from 6.87 to 13.92 μg⋅m-3. The analysis indicated that emissions from urban areas are more related to social and economic activities, with weekday concentrations (7.24 μg⋅m-3) higher than concentrations over the weekend (e.g. Saturday 6.59 μg⋅m-3 and Sunday 6.00 μg⋅m-3). Moreover, BC concentration in Abidjan is quite noticeable compared to that of rural areas (lamto). The ratio between the maximum values of the two areas is of the order of 5.86. In addition, concentrations in some urban areas are slightly above the daily threshold set by the WHO (10 μg⋅m-3). Therefore, the levels of urban BC concentrations are alarming whilst rural BC concentrations remain below daily WHO thresholds and are of the same magnitude as those of West African megacities. This study underlies that BC concentrations at lamto are mainly related to biomass combustion sources while those

关键词： Carbonaceous Aerosols Black Carbon Source Apportionment Fossil Fuel Biomass Burning

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