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Novel eco-efficient reactive distillation process for dimethyl carbonate production by indirect alcoholysis of urea

Frontiers of Chemical science and Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 316-331页

作者： Iulian Patrașcu costin s.bîldea Anton A.Kiss Department of Chemical and biochemical Engineering University“Politehnica”of Bucharest011061 BucharestRomania Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

Dimethyl carbonate is an eco-friendly essential chemical that can be sustainably produced from CO_(2),which is available from carbon capture activities or can even be captured from the *** rapid increase in dimethyl carbonate demand is driven by the fast growth of polycarbonates,solvent,pharmaceutical,and lithium-ion battery *** carbonate can be produced from CO_(2)through various chemical pathways.but the most convenient route reported is the indirect alcoholysis of *** research used techniques such as heat integration and reactive distillation to reduce the energy use and costs.but the use of an excess of methanol in the trans-esterification step led to an energy intensive extractive distillation required to break the dimethyl carbonate-methanol *** work shows that the production of dimethyl carbonate by indirect alcoholysis of urea can be improved by using an excess of propylene carbonate(instead of an excess of methanol),a neat feat that we showed it requires only 2.64 kW·h·kg^(-1) dimethyl carbonate in a reaction-separation-recycle process,and a reactive distillation column that effectively replaces two conventional distillation columns and the reactor for dimethyl carbonate ***,less equipment is required,the methanol-dimethyl carbonate azeotrope does not need to be recycled,and the overall savings are ***,we propose the use of a reactive distillation column in a heat integrated process to obtain high purity dimethyl carbonate(>99.8 wt-%).The energy requirement is reduced by heat integration to just 1.25 kW·h·kg^(-1) dimethyl carbonate,which is about 52%lower than the reaction-separation-recycle *** benefit from the energy savings,the dynamics and control of the process are provided for10%changes in the nominal rate of 32 ktpy dimethyl carbonate,and for uncertainties in reaction kinetics.

关键词： dimethyl carbonate reactive distillation process design plantwide control

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Injecting drug use: A vector for the introduction of new hepatitis C virus genotypes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10811-10823页

作者： simona Ruta costin Cernescu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology stefan s. Nicolau Institute of Virology

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes' monitoring allows real-time insight into the dynamic changes that occur in the global epidemiological picture of HCV infection. Intravenous drug use is currently the primary driver for HCV transmission in developed and developing countries. The distribution of HCV genotypes/s.btypes differs significantly between people who inject drugs(PWID) and the general population. HCV genotypes that previously exhibited a limited geographical distribution(3a,4) are becoming more prevalent in this high-risk group. Immigration from HCV-endemic countries and the evolving networks of HCV transmission in PWID influence HCV genotypes distribution in Europe. social vulnerabilities(e.g.,unemployment,homelessness,and limited access to social and healthcare insurances systems) are important triggers for illicit drug use,which increases the associated risks of HCV infection and the frequent emergence of less prevalent genotypes. Genotype/s.btype determination bears important clinical consequences in the progression of liver disease,susceptibility to antiviral therapies and the emergence of resistance-associated variants. An estimated half of the chronically HCV-infected PWID are unaware of their infection,and only one in ten of those diagnosed enter treatment. Nevertheless,PWID exhibit high response rates to new antiviral regimens,and the level of HCV reinfection is unexpectedly low. The focus of the healthcare system must be on the early detection and treatment of infection,to avoid late presentations that are associated with high levels of viremia and liver fibrosis,which may diminish the therapeutic success rate.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus genotypes Intravenou

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b2 adrenergic receptors and morphological changes of the enteric nervous system in colorectal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第7期23卷 1250-1261页

作者： Raluca Niculina Ciurea Ion Rogoveanu Daniel Pirici Georgica-costinel Tartea costin Teodor streba Cristina Florescu bogdan Catalin Ileana Puiu Elena-Anca Tartea Cristin Constantin Vere Department of Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Gastroenterology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Research Methodology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Physiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Department of Pediatrics University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova

To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic (b2A) receptors in primary colorectal *** this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of b2A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system (ENs). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two groups and one-way analysis of variance with bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparing the means of more than two groups. Correlations were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation ***2A receptors were significantly associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (P statistically significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance (P > 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial b2A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.531, P s, epithelial b2A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.453, P ssner areas [r(14) = -0.825, P s, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r(14) = -0.587, P ssner [r(14) = -0.934, P s play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENs in colorectal cancer m

关键词： beta-2 adrenergic receptors Enteric nervous system Colorectal adenocarcinoma spectral unmixing immunohistochemistry Tumor grading

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金属在应力波加载条件下的起裂

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兵器材料科学与工程 1985年第5期 61-69页

作者： L.s.costin J.Duffy L.b.Freund 孙琦清

在所有的工程构件中都存在有缺陷,而不管它们是天然的还是在加工过程中形成的。因此,防止构件的断裂设计已成为普遍的实际问题。大多数情况下,把材料起裂看作是发生在静态或准静态加载条件下。然而,在实践中的许多加载条件不能作为准静... 详细信息

在所有的工程构件中都存在有缺陷,而不管它们是天然的还是在加工过程中形成的。因此,防止构件的断裂设计已成为普遍的实际问题。大多数情况下,把材料起裂看作是发生在静态或准静态加载条件下。然而,在实践中的许多加载条件不能作为准静态加载条件来处理,在该情况下,必须考虑物质的惯性以及它的速率敏感性。使用对加载

关键词：加载率敏感性试件静态实验亚临界裂纹扩展起裂点裂纹张开位移应力波加载条件

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