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Deep reinforcement learning with planning guardrails for building energydemand response

Energy and AI 2023年第1期11卷 12-25页

作者： Doseok Jang Lucas Spangher Selvaprabu Nadarajah costas spanos Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at BerkeleyBerkeley94704CAUSA Department of Information and Decision Sciences University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago60607ILUSA

Building energy demand response is projected to be important in decarbonizing energy use. A demand responseprogram that communicates ‘‘artificial’’ hourly price signals to workers as part of a social game has the potentialto elicit energy consumption changes that simultaneously reduce energy costs and emissions. The efficacy ofsuch a program depends on the pricing agent’s ability to learn how workers respond to prices and mitigatethe risk of high energy costs during this learning process. We assess the value of deep reinforcement learning(RL) for mitigating this risk. Specifically, we explore the value of combining: (i) a model-free RL method thatcan learn by posting price signals to workers, (ii) a supervisory ‘‘planning model’’ that provides a syntheticlearning environment, and (iii) a guardrail method that determines whether a price should be posted to realworkers or the planning environment for feedback. In a simulated medium-sized office building, we compareour pricing agent against existing model-free and model-based deep RL agents, and the simpler strategy ofpassing on the time-of-use price signal to workers. We find that our controller eliminates 175,000 US Dollarsin initial investment, decreases by 30% the energy cost, and curbs emissions by 32% compared to energyconsumption under the time-of-use rate. In contrast, the model-free and model-based deep RL benchmarksare unable to overcome initial learning costs. Our results bode well for risk-aware deep RL facilitating thedeployment of building demand response.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning Risk-aware planning Demand response Energy Decarbonization

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Smart lighting system using ANN-IMC for personalized lighting control and daylight harvesting

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建筑节能(中英文) 2018年第7期 41-41页

作者： Nandha Kumar Kandasamy Giridharan Karunagaran costas spanos 侯恩哲

Lighting contributes a significant portion to the overall energy consumption in an office building. It is thus important to reduce the energy consumption of lighting systems especially for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB). Maximizing daylight harvesting can significantly increase the energy savings. With increase in demand for satisfying occupant preferences in visual comfort,the need for personalized lighting in the office space is also rising. In this paper,a novel lighting control system for Net Zero Energy Buildings( NZEB) is proposed which models the lighting system using Artificial Neural Netw ork( ANN) and utili-zes this model with the Internal Model Control( IMC) principle for controller design. Modeling the lighting system using ANN reduces the challenge of modeling a large and complex system with inherent process variability without the need to analyze extensive data-sets. The proposed ANN-IMC controller uses feedback from sensors on the task table to maintain desired illuminance,is easy to tune with just one parameter and is robust to process variability. The proposed control design is applicable to square systems where the number of lights and number of sensors are equal. How ever,the proposed architecture can also be extended for controlling other lighting accessories such as roller blinds. The performance of the proposed lighting control system to harvest the daylight effectively is demonstrated using both simulation results and an experimental setup in test-bed environment. The versatility of the proposed system will allow an operator to deploy personalized lighting in an office space.

关键词： Smart lighting Personalized lighting settings Daylight harvesting Automatic roller-blinds ANN-IMC closed loop control

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UAV navigation system using line-based sensor pose estimation

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第1期21卷 2-11页

作者： Julien Li-Chee-Ming costas Armenakis Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering Geomatics EngineeringLassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoCanada

This work presents a mapping and tracking system based on images to enable a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to accurately navigate in indoor and GPS-denied outdoor environments.A method is proposed to estimate the UAV’s pose(i.e.,the 3D position and orientation of the camera sensor)in real-time using only the on-board RGB camera as the UAV travels through a known 3D environment(i.e.,a 3D CAD model).Linear features are extracted and automatically matched between images collected by the UAV’s onboard RGB camera and the 3D object *** matched lines from the 3D model serve as ground control to estimate the camera pose in real-time via line-based space *** results demonstrate that the proposed modelbased pose estimation algorithm provides sub-meter positioning accuracies in both indoor and outdoor *** is also that shown the proposed method can provide sparse updates to correct the drift from complementary simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)-derived pose estimates.

关键词： Pose estimation modelbased tracking navigation GPS-denied environment

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The role of culture for coastal disaster risk reduction measures:Empirical evidence from northern and southern Europe

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 297-309页

作者： Grit MARTINEZ Susana costas Oscar FERREIRA Ecologic Institute Berlin10717Germany Centro de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental(CIMA) Universidade do AlgarveFaro8005-139Portugal Centro de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental(CIMA) Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversidade do AlgarveFaro8005-139Portugal

Recent and historic high-impact events have demonstrated significant flood risks to many coastal areas in Europe and across the *** the behavior of humans in relation to risk management poses grand challenges for both natural and social sciences and *** study analyzes the cultural aspects of coastal risk management and illustrates path-dependencies of concrete disaster risk reduction measures in relation to local contexts in European coastal regions in Northern and South Western *** adopts a comparative approach by targeting risk perception and risk management related to coastal floods and erosion,induced by storms and sea level rise,in two contrasting coastal areas:German coastal state SchleswigeHolstein at the Baltic Sea(especially the communities Eckernf€orde and Timmendorfer Strand)and the Portuguese barrier island system of Ria Formosa(especially the community of Faro Beach).Both regions are very low lying with only a few meters above sea level and exposed to similar hazards such as erosion and floods induced by coastal storms,and while they are both attractive touristic destinations,they are culturally,socio-economically and politically very *** geographical and the socio-cultural contexts of the case study regions are assessed first using an explorative approach,followed by an analysis of the relevance of cultural aspects for the implementation of disaster risk reduction *** study addresses both first responders(city authorities,citizens)and *** is found that the choice of risk reduction measures hinges on the values underlying people's perspectives about the desired outcomes of specific measures and that the role of identity and meaning making are still undervalued in decision making *** concludes that subjective capacities formed by cultural identities,knowledge,trust coupled with a variety of factors of socio-economic and political texture are important to understand local decision making

关键词： Culture Values Knowledge Risk perception Disaster risk reduction measures Coastal zones Baltic Sea Atlantic

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CONTROLLING INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS： A DETERMINISTIC ALLOCATION-SCHEDULING MODEL WITH MULTIPLE DISCRETE RESOURCES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第2期26卷 219-239页

作者： Nikolaos Rachaniotis Thomas K. Dasaklis costas Pappis Department of Economics Democritus University of Thrace Komotini Greece Department of Industrial Management and Technology University of Piraeus Piraeus Greece

Infectious disease outbreaks occurred many times in the past and are more likely to happen in the future. In this paper the problem of allocating and scheduling limited multiple, identical or non-identical, resources employed in parallel, when there are several infected areas, is considered. A heuristic algorithm, based on Shih＇s （1974） and Pappis and Rachaniotis＇（2010） algorithms, is proposed as the solution methodology. A numerical example implementing the proposed methodology in the context of a specific disease outbreak, namely influenza, is presented. The proposed methodology could be of significant value to those drafting contingency plans and healthcare policy agendas.

关键词： Resource allocation healthcare management epidemics heuristics

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Are pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders so sweet?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第28期10卷 10384-10386页

作者： costas Thomopoulos Ioannis Ilias Department of Cardiology Elena Venizelou General and Maternity HospitalAthens GR-11521Greece Department of Endocrinology Elena Venizelou General and Maternity HospitalAthens GR-11521Greece

Worldwide,one in seven pregnancies is complicated by some form of diabetes,with a rising ***,hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality for both the pregnant woman and the fetus and also contributes to premature *** a cohort study of pregnant women with diabetes,which was recently published in this journal,at least 84.5% of the subjects had *** rate of hypertension might be among the highest reported thus *** the medical literature,approximately 20% of women with diabetes during pregnancy have various pregnancy-associated hypertensive ***/ethnic differences,apparently,were not implicated in this elevated rate of hypertension:Although black and Hispanic women have a twofold higher rate of hypertension in pregnancy compared to white women,75% of the subjects in the study in question were ***,the impressive finding delivered by this large study,merits additional clarifications.

关键词： Pregnancy Hypertension Pre-eclampsia Diabetes Gestational diabetes Human

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STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING EMBEDDED SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY(SMA) WIRE SENSORS

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006年第3期19卷 446-450页

作者： QIU Zixue YAO Xingtian costas Soutis School of Mechanical Engineering Nantong University Nantong 226007 China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK

Shape memory alloy （SMA） materials possess completely superelasticity or pseudoelasticity above the austenite finish temperature and many unique mechanical, thermal, thermal-mechanical and electrical properties compared with other conventional materials. Many studies have reported that the superelastic and hysteresis properties of the SMA materials can absorb energies coming from external excitations or sudden impacts. In addition, due to the special electrical properties of NiTi superelastic wires, they can also be used as strain-sensing element to monitor structural health conditions. Composite laminated specimens embedded with SMA wire sensors are fabricated and detailed testing system is designed such as multi-parameters measuring for impact and weak signal processing for SMA sensor. Low velocity impact test shows that SMA wire sensors embedded in fiber-reinforced plastic （FRP） laminate can be well used to monitor impact responses, such as the location of impact damage, impact degree, and strain distribution. Experimental results and theoretical predictions reveal almost the same. Comparing with other method, a simple, economic and reliable technique method monitoring important engineering structures on line is provided.

关键词： Shape memory alloy(SMA) Structural health monitoring Sensor

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Water Repellency of Cellulosic Fibrous Mats Impregnated with Organic Solutions Based on Recycled Polystyrene

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第1期9卷 85-96页

作者： Dafni Foti costas Passialis Elias Voulgaridis Stergios Adamopoulos Department of Forestry and Natural Environment Laboratory of Forest UtilizationAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus UniversityVäxjoSweden

Recycled polystyrene in combination with paraffin wax,alkyd resin,and gum rosin were used as components in formulations to investigate their water repellency when applied to cellulosic filter paper *** was used in concentration of 5,10,15 and 20%,alkyd resin and gum rosin of 5%each and paraffin wax of 0.5%.Totally,twenty four water repellent solutions were *** repellency was evaluated in terms of water absorption of the cellulosic fibrous *** relations between retention of solid substances of the formulations and grammage and water absorption of filter paper samples were also *** results showed that all the water repellent formulations exhibited a degree of water *** absorption decreased by increasing the polystyrene concentration in the solution and polystyrene retention by the impregnated filter paper *** incorporation of 0.5%paraffin wax improved the hydrophobicity of treated *** best of the three water repellent formulations including paraffin wax was found to be the“polystyrene+gum rosin+paraffin wax”solution followed by the“polystyrene+alkyd resin+paraffin wax”and“polystyrene+paraffin wax”*** inclusion of 5%gum rosin in polystyrene solutions compared to that of 0.5%paraffin wax was found more effective in almost all cases.

关键词： Water repellents polystyrene gum rosin alkyd resin paraffin wax water absorption

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,diabetes medications and blood pressure

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第10期12卷 1809-1811页

作者： Ioannis Ilias costas Thomopoulos Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismElena Venizelou HospitalAthens 11521Greece Department of Cardiology Elena Venizelou HospitalAthens 11521Greece

New glucose-lowering agents reduce liver enzyme levels and blood pressure(BP).Whether this finding can be extended to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients,in whom a bidirectional association of NAFLD measu... 详细信息

关键词： Antidiabetic drugs Blood pressure reduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 Alanine aminotransferase Aspartate aminotransferase

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Spatiotemporal variations of ozone exposure and its risks to vegetation and human health in Cyprus:an analysis across a gradient of altitudes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 579-594页

作者： Stefanos Agathokleous costas JSaitanis Chrysanthos Savvides Pierre Sicard Evgenios Agathokleous Alessandra De Marco The Cyprus Institute NicosiaCyprus University of the Aegean MytileneLesvosGreece Agricultural University of Athens AthensGreece Department of Labour Inspection Ministry of Labour and Social InsuranceNicosiaCyprus ARGANS 260 route du Pin MontardBiotFrance School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentRomeItaly

Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) aff ects vegetation and threatens environmental health when levels exceed critical values,above which adverse eff ects are *** is expected to be a hotspot for O_(3)concentrations due to its unique position in the eastern Mediterranean,receiving air masses from Europe,African,and Asian continents,and experiencing a warm Mediterranean *** Cyprus,the spatiotemporal features of O_(3) are poorly understood and the potential risks for forest health have not been *** evaluated O_(3) and nitrogen oxides(NO and NO 2)at four regional background stations at different altitudes over 2014−2016.O_(3) risks to vegetation and human health were estimated by calculating accumulated O_(3)exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol^(−1)(AOT40)and cumulative exposure to mixing ratios above 35 nmol mol^(−1)(SOMO35)*** data reveal that mean O_(3)concentrations follow a seasonal pattern,with higher levels in spring(51.8 nmol mol^(−1))and summer(53.2 nmol mol^(−1))and lower levels in autumn(46.9 nmol mol^(−1))and winter(43.3 nmol mol^(−1)).The highest mean O_(3)exposure(59.5 nmol mol^(−1)) in summer occurred at the high elevation station ***(1819 m a.s.l.).Increasing(decreasing)altitudinal gradients were found for O_(3)(NO x),driven by summer–winter diff *** diurnal patterns of O_(3) showed little *** at the lowest altitude O_(3) displayed a typical O_(3) diurnal pattern,with hourly diff erences smaller than 15 nmol mol^(−1).Accumulated O_(3) exposures at all stations and in all years exceeded the European Union’s limits for the protection of vegetation,with average values of 3-month(limit:3000 nmol mol^(−1)h)and 6-month(limit:5000 nmol mol^(−1)h)AOT40 for crops and forests of 16,564 and 31,836 nmol mol^(−1)h,respectively.O_(3) exposures were considerably high for human health,with an average SOMO35 value of 7270 nmol mol^(−1) days across stations and *** results indicate that O_(3) is a major environm

关键词： Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Exposure metrics Vegetation Human health

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