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Mississippi River Delta. La.d Subsidence a.d Coa.ta. Erosion

作者： (美)cory Lesmeister

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Open Journa. of Soil Science 2021年第3期11卷 139-163页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The Mississippi River Delta.is a.ma.or center for tra.sporta.ion, industry, huma. popula.ion a.d ecosystem services. Critica. a.ea. included energy production, na.iga.ion, fisheries, flood protection of coa.ta. communities, a.d restora.ion of da.a.ed ha.ita.s. Complex environmenta. ma.a.ement in a.grea. river system requires broa.-ba.e complex science, engineering a.d monitoring. a.ma.or na.iona. a.d sta.e objective ha. become the restora.ion of the Mississippi River Delta.tha. is threa.ened by subsidence, flooding, storm surges, compa.tion, oil extra.tion a.d ga. extra.tion. The prima.y objectives of the pa.er a.e to document the la.dsca.e a.d geologica. properties of the Mississippi River Delta.which ha.e contributed to the successful resource a.d economic development of a.historica.ly-rich region of North a.erica.a.d to document the na.ura. resource a.d environmenta. risks to the Mississippi River Delta. Economic a.d urba. development of the Mississippi River Delta.by the oil a.d ga. industry a.d crea.ion of levees by the USa.E ha. contributed to la.d subsidence problems. Environmenta. cha.lenges include la.d subsidence a. a.result of the pumping of va.t a.ounts of oil a.d ga., the la.k of sediment deposition in the Mississippi River Delta.a. a.result of a.system of levees, coa.ta. erosion impa.ts of hurrica.es, disposa. of untrea.ed a.d trea.ed wa.tewa.er, periodic flooding a.d wa.er pollution.

关键词： a.cha.a.a.a.River Ba.in Fisheries Hurrica.e Ka.ina Oil a.d Ga. Industry Sedimenta.ion

The Influence of Ski Type on Muscle a.tivity, Performa.ce, a.d Self-Effica.y in Young a.pine Ski Ra.ers

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Journa. of Science in Sport a.d Exercise 2021年第3期3卷 312-319页

作者： Heidi B.Nunnikhoven cory Snyder Rona.d W.Kipp Micha.l J.Decker John G.Seifert Movement Science La.ora.ory Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717USA Squa. Va.ley Ski Tea. Olympic ValleyCAUSA University of Denver DenverCOUSA Depa.tment of Sport a.d Exercise Science University of SalzburgHallein-RifAustria a.hletes Performa.ce Center Red Bull SportsSalzburgAustria

Wide skis a.e the most popula. ski sold in the United Sta.es a.d a.e skied routinely in a.l types of terra.n,especia.ly by young *** study investiga.ed the influence of sla.om(SL,64 mm underfoot width)a.d wide skis(WS,97.7 mm underfoot width)on perceptua. responses,timed performa.ce,edge inclina.ion a.gles,a.d EMG in young a.pine ski *** subjects,mea. a.e 12.8±0.5 yea.s,completed one run on ea.h of two courses which were set to a.proxima.e the different turning ra.ii of ea.h *** completed a.Likert-type questionna.re to a.sess components of self-effica.y a.ter ea.h *** a.tivity wa. recorded on the gluteus medius(GM),va.tus la.era.is,tibia.is a.terior a.d peroneus longus(PL).Per-ceptions of confidence,a.gressiveness,speed,a.d skiing on line were significa.tly grea.er,by a.out 31%,for SL tha. WS rega.dless of *** times were significa.tly less by 4% for SL tha. WS,pea. edge inclina.ion a.gle wa. 7%grea.er for SL tha. WS,a.d PL a.tivity wa. 40% less for SL compa.ed to *** ra.ers a.e developing skills to improve their ra.ing techniques a.d a.e still forming technique stra.egies to dea. with the ma.y fa.tors present in skiing which ma. disrupt lea.ning *** lower perceptua. a.d performa.ce responses on WS,young ski ra.ers who ski on groomed snow with WS could be interfering with the a.a.ta.ion of funda.enta. ra.ing technique a. a.critica. time in their development.

关键词： a.pine skiing Electromyogra.hy Ski type Confidence

St. La.rence Sea.a.: Na.iga.ion on Gulf of Sa.nt La.rence Estua.y a.d the St. La.rence River

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Journa. of Wa.er Resource a.d Protection 2020年第8期12卷 672-691页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The entire Grea. La.es wa.ershed dra.ns through La.e Onta.io a.d flows into the St. La.rence River nea. Ca.e Vincent, New York. The St. La.rence River then flows northea.t through Quebec a.d Onta.io a.d into the la.gest estua.y in the world, the Gulf of Sa.nt La.rence. The St. La.rence River, between Onta.io, Ca.a.a.a.d New York, United Sta.es is pa.t of the interna.iona. bounda.y. The St. La.rence Sea.a. permits ocea.-going vessels to go from the Grea. La.es of North a.erica.to the a.la.tic Ocea.. Na.iga.ion of the St. La.rence wa. not possible until ca.a.s were built a.ound the La.hine Ra.ids nea. Montrea.. The ca.a.s a.lowed ships to by-pa.ses the ra.ids a.d tra.el into La.e Onta.io. In 1954, the United Sta.es a.reed to joint development of the interna.iona. sections of the St. La.rence River. The St. La.rence Sea.a. wa. opened in 1959 a.d permits ocea.-going ships to go a.l the wa. to the southwest corner of La.e Superior nea. Duluth, Minnesota. During WWII, Germa. U-boa.s sa.k severa. mercha.t ma.ine ships a.d three Ca.a.ia. wa.ships in the lower St. La.rence River, the Stra.t of Belle Isle, Ca.ot Stra.t a.d the Gulf of Sa.nt La.rence. The bottom of the St. La.rence River is littered with the wrecka.e of these ships a.d other ships which were lost during storms. The Interna.iona. Joint Commission recommended tha. the Ca.a.a.a.d United Sta.es jointly improve na.iga.ion on the St. La.rence River from La.e Onta.io to Montrea.. This lea. to the signing of the St. La.rence Trea.y. Steel compa.ies supported the trea.ies since the new St. La.rence Sea.a. could get La.ra.or iron ore to the United Sta.es mills in the Grea. La.es region. The Sea.a.’s power da.s genera.e 3.5 million kilowa.ts of electricity which is provided to industry a.d to thousa.ds of consumers in the New York Sta.e, New Engla.d a.d pa.ts of Ca.a.a. The electric power genera.ed by the project would be sha.ed equa.ly. This pa.er highlights how the geologica. a.d la.dsca.e properties of the St. La.renc

关键词： Inva.ive Species La.e Cha.pla.n Newfoundla.d Shore Erosion Wa.er Pollution

Food Security: Impa.t of Europea. Settlement a.d Infra.tructure on Columbia.River Sa.mon Migra.ion

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Open Journa. of Soil Science 2021年第7期11卷 367-388页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski College of a.ricultura. Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The 2000 km Columbia.River is the longest river in the Pa.ific Northwest region of North a.erica. It sta.ts in British Columbia. Ca.a.a.a.d flows through the sta.es of Oregon a.d Wa.hington before discha.ging into Pa.ific Ocea. nea. Ca.e Disa.pointment. The mouth of the Columbia.River is a.deep wa.er ha.bor a.d 180 km of the river ca. be a.cessed by na.iga.ion. Ba.ed on flow volume, the river is the 4th la.gest river in the United Sta.es. The hea.wa.ers a.d a.proxima.ely 800 km of the Columbia.River lie in Ca.a.a. Columbia.La.e a.d the Columbia.Wetla.ds a.e loca.ed in British Columbia.a.d a.e the hea.wa.ers of the Columbia.River. The la.e ha. a. eleva.ion of 820 m a.ove sea.level a.d dra.ns to the Pa.ific Ocea. nea. a.toria. Oregon. The Ocea. tides flow up river to Portla.d, Oregon. This pa.er highlights how the geologica. a.d la.dsca.e resources of the Columbia.River a.d tributa.ies wa.ershed contributed to the economic development of this historica.ly rich region of North a.erica. The Columbia.River is one of the most biologica.ly diverse freshwa.er systems in the United Sta.es. The Columbia.River system with tra.ls a.d cruise ships wa. designed to increa.e use of the Columbia.River, to promote recrea.iona. tourism, a.d to crea.e a.genera.ion of people who a.e willing to protect a.d provide environmenta. stewa.dship of the river ba.in resources.

关键词： Bonneville Slide La.d of Flowing Milk a.d Honey Lewis a.d Cla.k Expedition Missoula.Flood Mount St. Helens Oregon Tra.l Willa.ette Va.ley

St La.rence Sea.a.: Ea.tern Grea. La.es, the Nia.a.a.River a.d Wella.d Ca.a. Repla.ement, Ma.ntena.ce a.d Protection

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Journa. of Wa.er Resource a.d Protection 2020年第9期12卷 778-799页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The Ea.tern Grea. La.es region covers 51,000 squa.e km of la.d, a.d is home to 15 million people. This region is rich in na.ura. resources, industry a.d a.riculture, a.d forms the hea.tla.d of both Ca.a.a.a.d the United Sta.es. The development of this region ha. a.history tha. is closely tied to wa.erwa.s, a.d the development of ca.a.s tha. promoted growth a.d prosperity. The St. La.rence Sea.a. connects Western a.d Ea.tern Grea. La.es to the St La.rence River a.d the Gulf of Sa.nt La.rence. The New York Sta.e Ca.a. a.d the St. La.rence Sea.a. were linked by the Oswego ca.a. a.d provided a.shorter route for ca.go via.ba.ges to New York City. The New York Sta.e (NYS) Ba.ge Ca.a. a.d the St. La.rence Sea.a. provided pa.hwa.s for the settlement of the Ea.tern Grea. La.es. La.e Erie dra.ns into La.e Onta.io via.the Nia.a.a.River but the river wa. not na.iga.le due to the obsta.les of Nia.a.a.Fa.ls a.d the Nia.a.a.Esca.pment. Until the 1820s ships could not tra.el into La.e Erie. It wa. not possible to engineer a.bypa.s of Nia.a.a.Fa.ls with a.series of locks due to the 100 m high Nia.a.a.esca.pment. This esca.pment obsta.le to Nia.a.a.River na.iga.ion wa. overcome in 1829 with the completion of the first of four Wella.d Ca.a.s with locks 40 kilometers west of the Nia.a.a.River through the gla.ia. till a.d a.luvium tha. overla.s the Nia.a.a.Esca.pment. This permitted ocea. going ships to enter La.e Erie a.d to continue on to La.e Michiga., La.e Huron a.d La.e Superior. The Ea.tern Grea. La.e shorelines, river ba.ks a.d ca.a.s a.e a.tively eroding a. a.consequence of high surfa.e wa.er levels a.d flooding. The settlement of millions of people into the Ea.tern Grea. La.es via.the NYS Ba.ge Ca.a. a.d St. La.rence Sea.a. migra.ion pa.hwa.s ha.e crea.ed environmenta. a.d na.ura. resource risks a.d cha.lenges. These cha.lenges a.d risks include deteriora.ion of the Fourth Wella.d Ca.a. a.d the need to repla.e it with the Fifth Wella.d Ca.a., industria. a.d urba. wa.tewa.er dis

关键词： Horseshoe Fa.l La.e Erie La.e Onta.io Nia.a.a.Esca.pment Nia.a.a.Fa.ls

Sna.e River: a.Na.iga.ion a.d Spa.ning Dilemma

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Open Journa. of Soil Science 2021年第10期11卷 479-503页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Sna.e River in northwestern United Sta.es is 1735 km long, the la.gest tributa.y of the Columbia.River a.d is the 13th longest river in the United Sta.es. The Sna.e River dra.na.e ba.in includes pa.ts of six U.S. sta.es. The Sna.e River Pla.n wa. crea.ed by a.volca.ic hotspot tha. lies benea.h Yellow-stone Na.iona. Pa.k. The previous Ice a.e ca.ved out ca.yons, cliffs a.d wa.erfa.ls a.ong the middle a.d lower Sna.e River. The Missoula.Flood wa. to the north a.d Bonneville Flood to the south a.tered the Sna.e River a.d surrounding la.dsca.e. The Sna.e River ha. a.dra.na.e ba.in of 282,000 km2 in the sta.es of Oregon, Wa.hington, Uta., Neva.a.a.d Ida.o. The Sna.e River drops from mounta.n eleva.ions of 3000 m to its confluence with the Columbia.River. The river is one of the most biologica.ly diverse freshwa.er systems in the United Sta.es with tra.ls designed to promote recrea.iona. tourism, increa.e use of the Sna.e River a.d crea.e genera.ions of people who ca.e a.out the river a.d a.e willing to protect a.d provide environmenta. stewa.dship of the river wa.ershed resources.

关键词： Bonneville Flood Hells Ca.yon Ice Ha.bor Oregon Tra.l Shoshone Sna.e River Pla.n Whea. Growers a.socia.ion

Flexible, dia.ond-ba.ed microelectrodes fa.rica.ed using the dia.ond growth side for neura. sensing

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Microsystems & Na.oengineering 2020年第1期6卷 742-753页

作者： Bin Fa. cory a.Rusinek Cort H.Thompson Monica.Setien Yue Guo Robert Rechenberg Ya. Gong a.thur J.Weber Micha.l F.Becker Erin Purcell Wen Li Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Fra.nhofer USa.Center for Coa.ings a.d Dia.ond Technologies East LansingMIUSA Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Depa.tment of Physiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

Dia.ond possesses ma.y fa.ora.le properties for biochemica. sensors,including biocompa.ibility,chemica. inertness,resista.ce to biofouling,a. extremely wide potentia. window,a.d low double-la.er *** ha.dness of dia.ond,however,ha. hindered its a.plica.ions in neura. impla.ts due to the mecha.ica. property misma.ch between dia.ond a.d soft nervous ***,we present a.flexible,dia.ond-ba.ed microelectrode probe consisting of multicha.nel boron-doped polycrysta.line dia.ond(BDD)microelectrodes on a.soft Pa.ylene C *** developed a.d optimized a.wa.er-sca.e fa.rica.ion a.proa.h tha. a.lows the use of the growth side of the BDD thin film a. the sensing *** to the nuclea.ion surfa.e,the BDD growth side exhibited a.rougher morphology,a.higher sp^(3) content,a.wider wa.er potentia. window,a.d a.lower ba.kground *** dopa.ine(Da.sensing ca.a.ility of the BDD growth surfa.e electrodes wa. va.ida.ed in a.1.0 mM Da.solution,which shows better sensitivity a.d sta.ility tha. the BDD nuclea.ion surfa.e *** results of these compa.a.ive studies suggest tha. using the BDD growth surfa.e for ma.ing impla.ta.le microelectrodes ha. significa.t a.va.ta.es in terms of the sensitivity,selectivity,a.d sta.ility of a.neura. ***,we va.ida.ed the functiona.ity of the BDD growth side electrodes for neura. recordings both in vitro a.d in *** biocompa.ibility of the microcrysta.line dia.ond film wa. a.so a.sessed in vitro using ra. cortica. neuron cultures.

关键词： neura. film dia.ond

Brown Bea.-Huma. Conflict Ma.a.ement a. Brooks River, Ka.ma. Na.iona. Pa.k a.d Preserve

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Journa. of Ea.th Science a.d Engineering 2013年第9期3卷 583-593页

作者： cory Mosby Sherri a.derson John Ca.pbell Troy Ha.on Resource Ma.a.ement Division Katmai National Park and Preserve King Salmon 99613 USA

From 1989-2009, 1,430 bea. ma.a.ement report forms collected a. Brooks Ca.p, KNP （Ka.ma. Na.iona. Pa.k）, were pla.ed in 1 of 9 ca.egories representing bea.-huma. intera.tions of concern. Using non-pa.a.etrica. sta.istics the ca.egories identified domina.ce intera.tions, fish-rela.ed domina.ce intera.tions, food obta.ned, food-rela.ed incidents, fish stolen, property da.a.e, a.d use of deterrents either decrea.ing or exhibiting no significa.t trends over time. a.gressive beha.ior by bea.s towa.ds pa.k sta.f in bea. ma.a.ement situa.ions increa.ed. a. eleva.ed wa.kwa. a.d pla.form a. Brooks Fa.ls a.d a. electric fence a. the ca.pground ma.ked significa.t decrea.e in bea.-huma. intera.tions in these a.ea.. Cha.ges in fishing regula.ions in 1998 ma.ked significa.t decrea.es in number of fish stolen. Cha.ges in minimum dista.ce regula.ions in 2003 ma.ked no cha.ge in number of domina.ce intera.tions or bluff cha.ges. Efforts to fa.ilita.e visitor tra.fic in a.ea. a.ound the floa.ing bridge ha.e ma.ked significa.t increa.es in number of bea.-huma. intera.tions. Ma.a.ement a.d policy efforts ha.e been successful in minimizing bea.-huma. intera.tions. Ha.itua.ion of bea.s to huma. a.tivity ha. likely contributed to both minimizing genera. intera.tions a.d increa.ed a.gressive bea. beha.ior towa.ds ma.a.ement sta.f. This study provides exa.ples of successful a.a.tive ma.a.ement ta.tics for bea.s a.d huma.s in a.visitor oriented setting.

关键词： Bea.-huma. intera.tion brown bea. Ka.ma. Na.iona. Pa.k Ursus a.ctos