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液压推力装置提高钻井效率

海洋石油 2003年第1期23卷 70-74页

作者： corlesa.giles 张子峰冯帆上海海洋石油局

1 引言在中大斜度井底部钻具组合中正确使用液压推力器可以大幅度降低作业成本,成本节约可以从两方面来实现:一方面在滑动钻进和旋转钻进中机械钻速可以分别提高35%和15%,尽管滑动钻进时机械钻速提高的更加明显;另一方面,降低了井下工... 详细信息

1 引言在中大斜度井底部钻具组合中正确使用液压推力器可以大幅度降低作业成本,成本节约可以从两方面来实现:一方面在滑动钻进和旋转钻进中机械钻速可以分别提高35%和15%,尽管滑动钻进时机械钻速提高的更加明显;另一方面,降低了井下工具的故障率,特别是随钻测量系统/随钻测井系统(MWD/LWD)和井下马达,使用推力器总体上可以减少井下工具故障率约40%-50%.

关键词：液压推力装置钻井效率

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： Stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp giles W.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained *** work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting wi

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

Rating crowdsourced annotations: evaluating contributions of variable quality and completeness

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第8期7卷 650-670页

作者： giles M.Foody School of Geography University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Crowdsourcing has become a popular means to acquire data about the Earth and its environment inexpensively,but the data-sets obtained are typically imperfect and of unknown *** common imperfections with crowdsourced data are the contributions from cheats or spammers and missing *** effect of the latter two imperfections on a method to evaluate the accuracy of crowdsourced data via a latent class model was *** simulated and real data-sets,it was shown that the method is able to derive useful information on the accuracy of crowdsourced data even when the degree of imperfection was very *** practical potential of this ability to obtain accuracy information within the geospatial sciences and the realm of Digital Earth applications was indicated with reference to an evaluation of building damage maps produced by multiple bodies after the 2010 earthquake in ***,the method allowed data-sets to be ranked in approximately the correct order of accuracy and this could help ensure that the most appropriate data-sets are used.

关键词： volunteered geographic information accuracy error

Transformational change in the field of diffuse optics:From going bananas to going nuts

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第1期3卷 1-18页

作者： Sergio Fantini giles Blaney Angelo Sassaroli Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street MedfordMA 02155USA

The concept of region of sensitivity is central to the field of diffuse optics and is closely related to the Jacobian matrix used to solve the inverse problem in *** is well known that,in diffuse reflectance,the region of sensitivity associated with a given source-detector pair is shaped as a banana,and features maximal sensitivity to the portions of the sample that are closest to the source and the *** have recently introduced a dual-slope(DS)method based on a special arrangement of two sources and two detectors,which results in deeper and more localized regions of sensitivity,resembling the shapes of different kinds of ***,we report the regions of sensitivity associated with a variety of source-detector arrangements for DS measurements of intensity and phase with frequency-domain spectroscopy(modulation frequency:140 MHz)in a medium with absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.1 and 12 cm^(-1),*** main result is that the depth of maximum sensitivity,considering only cases that use source-detector separations of 25 and 35 mm,progressively increases as we consider single-distance intensity(2.0mm),DS intensity(4.6mm),single-distance phase(7.5mm),and DS phase(10.9 mm).These results indicate the importance of DS measurements,and even more so of phase measurements,when it is desirable to selectively probe deeper portions of a sample with diffuse *** is certainly the case in non-invasive optical studies of brain,muscle,and breast tissue,which are located underneath the superficial tissue at variable depths.

关键词： Near-infrared spectroscopy tissue optics diffuse optical tomography frequency domain dual slopes

Occupational hand injuries:a current review of the prevalence and proposed prevention strategies for physical therapists and similar healthcare professionals

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第2期16卷 84-89页

作者： giles Gyer Jimmy Michael James Inklebarger The London College of Osteopathic Medicine 8-10 Boston PlaceLondon NWI 6QHUnited Kingdom

Hand injury is the second most common work-related musculoskeletal injury among physical therapists （PTs） and other manual therapy professionals such as osteopaths, physiotherapists, chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists. However, the nature and extent of this problem have not been fully explored yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the existing literature published on the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention of hand injuries among PTs and similar healthcare professionals. The lifetime prevalence of hand injuries was about 15%-46%, and the annual prevalence was reported as 5%-30%. Thumb injuries were found to be the most prevalent of all injuries, accounting more than 50% of all hand-related problems. The most significant risk factors for job-related hand injuries were performing manual therapy techniques, repetitive workloads, treating many patients per day, continued work while injured or hurt, weakness of the thumb muscles, thumb hypermobility, and instability at the thumb joints. Frs reported modifying treatment technique, taking time off on sick leave, seeking intervention, shifting the specialty area, and decreasing patient contact hours as the major consequences of these injuries. The authors recommend that PTs should develop specific preventive strategies and put more emphasis on the use of aids and equipment to reduce the risk of an unnecessary injury.

关键词： Occupational injuries Public health Physical therapists Occupational therapists Complementary therapies

Effects of biomechanical parameters of spinal manipulation: A critical literature review

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第1期20卷 4-12页

作者： giles Gyer Jimmy Michael James Inklebarger Imtiaz Ibne Alam Department of Clinical Skills the London College of Osteopathic MedicineBoston PlaceLondon NW1United Kingdom Department of Pharmacy Stamford University BangladeshDhaka 1217Bangladesh

Spinal manipulation is a manual treatment technique that delivers a thrust,using specific biomechanical parameters to exert its therapeutic *** parameters have been shown to have a unique dose-response relationship with the physiological responses of the *** far,however,there has not been a unified approach to standardize these biomechanical *** fact,it is still undetermined how they affect the observed clinical outcomes of spinal *** study,therefore,reviewed the current body of literature to explore these dosage parameters and evaluate their significance,with respect to physiological and clinical *** the experimental studies reviewed herein,it is evident that the modulation of manipulation’s biomechanical parameters elicits transient physiological responses,including changes in neuronal activity,electromyographic responses,spinal stiffness,muscle spindle responses,paraspinal muscle activity,vertebral displacement,and segmental and intersegmental acceleration ***,to date,there have been few clinical trials that tested the therapeutic relevance of these *** addition,there were some inherent limitations in both human and animal models due to the use of mechanical devices to apply the *** studies evaluating the effects of varying biomechanical parameters of spinal manipulation should include clinicians to deliver the therapy in order to explore the true clinical significance of the dose-response relationship.

关键词： Spinal manipulation Biomechanical characteristics Biomechanical parameters Dosage Force-time profile

Spinal manipulation therapy: Is it all about the brain? A current review of the neurophysiological effects of manipulation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 328-337页

作者： giles Gyer Jimmy Michael James Inklebarger Jaya Shanker Tedla The London College o f Osteopathic Medicine London NW1 6QHUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Khalid University3665 GuraigerAbhaSaudi Arabia

Spinal manipulation has been an effective intervention for the management of various musculoskeletal disorders. However,the mechanisms underlying the pain modulatory effects of spinal manipulation remain elusive. Although both biomechanical and neurophysiological phenomena have been thought to play a role in the observed clinical effects of spinal manipulation, a growing number of recent studies have indicated peripheral, spinal and supraspinal mechanisms of manipulation and suggested that the improved clinical outcomes are largely of neurophysiological origin. In this article, we reviewed the relevance of various neurophysiological theories with respect to the findings of mechanistic studies that demonstrated neural responses following spinal manipulation. This article also discussed whether these neural responses are associated with the possible neurophysiological mechanisms of spinal manipulation. The body of literature reviewed herein suggested some clear neurophysiological changes following spinal manipulation, which include neural plastic changes, alteration in motor neuron excitability,increase in cortical drive and many more. However, the clinical relevance of these changes in relation to the mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of spinal manipulation is still unclear. In addition,there were some major methodological flaws in many of the reviewed studies. Future mechanistic studies should have an appropriate study design and methodology and should plan for a long-term follow-up in order to determine the clinical significance of the neural responses evoked following spinal manipulation.

关键词： Occupational injuries Public health Physical therapists Occupational therapists Complementary therapies

Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy of two-layered scattering media containing oxyhemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,water,and lipids

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2022年第3期15卷 92-106页

作者： giles Blaney Martina Bottoni Angelo Sassaroli Cristianne Fernandez Sergio Fantini Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby StMedfordMA 02155USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Politecnico di Torino 24 Corso Duca degli AbruzziTorinoTO 10129Italy

We investigated the relationship between chromophore concentrations in two-layered scattering media and the apparent chromophore concentrations measured with broadband optical spectroscopy in conjunction with commonly used homogeneous medium inverse *** used diffusion theory to generate optical data from a two-layered distribution of relevant tissue absorbers,namely,oxyhemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,water,and lipids,with a top-layer thickness in the range 1–15 *** generated data consisted of broadband continuous-wave(CW)diffuse reflectance in the wavelength range 650–1024 nm,and frequency-domain(FD)diffuse reflectance at 690 and 830 nm;two source-detector distances of 25 and 35mm were used to simulate a dual-slope *** data were inverted using diffusion theory for a semi-infinite homogeneous medium to generate reduced scattering coeffcients at 690 and 830nm(from FD data)and effective absorption spectra in the range 650–1024nm(from CW data).The absorption spectra were then converted into effective total concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin,as well as water and lipid *** absolute values,it was found that the effective hemoglobin parameters are typically representative of the bottom layer,whereas water and lipid represent some average of the respective concentrations in the two *** concentration changes,lipid showed a significant cross-talk with other absorber concentrations,thus indicating that lipid dynamics obtained in these conditions may not be *** systematic simulations of broadband spectroscopy of two-layered media provide guidance on how to interpret effective optical properties measured with similar instrumental setups under the assumption of medium homogeneity.

关键词： Broadband spectroscopy two-layer medium heterogeneous forward model homo-geneous inverse model partial-volume effect

Investigation of Combustion of Emulated Biogas in a Gas Turbine Test Rig

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第4期27卷 331-340页

作者： Agustin VALERA-MEDINA Anthony giles Daniel PUGH Steve MORRIS Marcel POHL Andreas ORTWEIN Cardiff University Queen's Building Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnutzige GmbH Leipzig 04347 Germany Hochschule Merseburg Department Engineering and Natural Sciences Merseburg 06217 Germany

Combustion of biogas in gas turbines is an interesting option for provision of renewable combined heat and power from biomass. Due to an increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in the power grid(especially from wind and solar power), flexible power generation is of increasing importance. Additionally, with an increasing share of agricultural and municipal waste in biogas production, biogas composition is expected to be within a broader range. In this paper, the combustion of synthetic biogas(carbon dioxide and methane) in a combustion test rig with a swirl burner and a high pressure optical chamber is researched at different conditions. Results are compared to a CHEMKIN-PRO simulation using a detailed reaction mechanism. The results show that within the researched experimental matrix, stable biogas combustion for gas turbines can be achieved even with significantly changing gas composition and nominal power. Carbon dioxide concentration is varied from 0 to 60%. CO concentrations(normalized to 15% O_2) in the flue gas do not change significantly with increasing carbon dioxide in the fuel gas and, for the researched conditions, stayed below 10 ppm. NO_x concentration is below 10 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2) for pure methane, and is further decreasing with increasing carbon dioxide share in the fuel gas, which is mainly due to changing reaction paths as reaction analysis showed. Thermal load of the combustor is varied from 100% to 20% for the reference gas composition. With decreasing thermal load, normalized carbon monoxide flue gas concentration is further reduced, while NOx concentrations are remaining at a similar level around 5 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2).

关键词： gas turbine biogas combustion test chemiluminescence