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A Review of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Immunopathogenesis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第3期9卷 409-418页

作者： corey Saraceni John Birk University of Connecticut School of Medicine Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyFarmingtonCTUSA

Despite the advances in therapy,hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)still represent a significant global health burden,both as major causes of cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and death *** is capable of incorporating its covalently closed circular DNA into the host cell’s hepatocyte genome,making it rather difficult to eradicate its chronic *** viral clearance depends on the complex interactions between the virus and host’s innate and adaptive immune *** encouraging fact on hepatitis B is the development and effective distribution of the HBV *** has significantly reduced the spread of this *** is a RNA virus with high mutagenic capacity,thus enabling it to evade the immune system and have a high rate of chronic *** levels of HCV heterogeneity and its mutagenic capacity have made it difficult to create an effective *** recent advent of direct acting antivirals has ushered in a new era in hepatitis C *** virologic response is achieved with DAAs in 85–99%of ***,this still leads to a large population of treatment failures,so further advances in therapy are still *** article reviews the immunopathogenesis of HBV and HCV,their properties contributing to host immune system avoidance,chronic disease progression,vaccine efficacy and limitations,as well as treatment options and common pitfalls of said therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis B immunopathogenesis Hepatitis C immunopathogenesis

Little left to lose: deforestation and forest degradation in Australia since European colonization

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 109-120页

作者： corey J.A.Bradshaw The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute PO Box 120Henley BeachSouth Australia 5022Australia

Aims Australia is among one of the world’s wealthiest nations;yet,its relatively small human population(22.5 million)has been responsible for extensive deforestation and forest degradation since European settlement in the late 18th *** most(;75%)of Australia’s 7.6 million-km2 area being covered in inhospitable deserts or arid lands generally unsuitable to forest growth,the coastal periphery has witnessed a rapid decline in forest cover and quality,especially over the last 60 *** I document the rates of forest loss and degradation in Australia based on a thorough review of existing literature and unpublished *** Findings Overall,Australia has lost nearly 40%of its forests,but much of the remaining native vegetation is highly *** European colonists expanded in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries,deforestation occurred mainly on the most fertile soils nearest to the *** the 1950s,southwesternWestern Australia was largely cleared for wheat production,subsequently leading to its designation as a Global Biodiversity Hotspot given its high number of endemic plant species and rapid clearing *** the 1970s,the greatest rates of forest clearance have been in southeastern Queensland and northern New SouthWales,although Victoria is the most cleared ***,degradation is occurring in the largely forested tropical north due to rapidly expanding invasive weed species and altered fire *** clear policies to regenerate degraded forests and protect existing tracts at a massive scale,Australia stands to lose a large proportion of its remaining endemic *** most important implications of the degree to which Australian forests have disappeared or been degraded are that management must emphasize the maintenance of existing primary forest patches,as well as focus on the regeneration of matrix areas between fragments to increase native habitat area,connectivity and ecosystem functions.

关键词： biodiversity climate change fragmentation land use restoration

Cancer cell migration： when red light switched to green

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 177-178页

作者： Seth J corey Jindan Yu Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Gaiter Pavilion Chicago IL 60611 USA Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Children＇s Memorial Hospital Northwestern University Medical School Chicago IL 60611 USA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA

The doctrine of＇the golden mean＇ of the Confucian certainly applies at the molecular level to cell growth and migration. It is critically important for tissue architecture and homeostasis that cells stop prolifera- tion when reaching appropriate density and halt migration in a direction to avoid collision with others. This ＇red light＇ to hinder cell movement is essential for maintaining contact inhibition of locomotion （CIL）--a phe- nomenon that a cell ceases to continue moving in the same direction when it comes into contact with another cell. The concept of CIL emerged initially from the early work of Abercrombie and Heaysman in the 1950s.

关键词： Cells Lymphocytes Lighting Light Migration Cancer (genus) Neoplasms

Thickness-Dependent Piezoelectric Property from Quasi-Two-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanosheets with Unit Cell Resolution

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1-7页

作者： corey Carlos Yizhan Wang Jingyu Wang Jun Li Xudong Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706USA

A quantitative understanding of the nanoscale piezoelectric property will unlock many application potentials of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon under quantum *** this work,we present an atomic force microscopy-(AFM-)based approach to the quantification of the nanometer-scale piezoelectric property from single-crystalline zinc oxide nanosheets(NSs)with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4 *** identifying the appropriate driving potential,we minimized the influences from electrostatic interactions and tip-sample coupling,and extrapolated the thickness-dependent piezoelectric coefficient(d_(33)).By averaging the measured d_(33) from NSs with the same number of unit cells in thickness,an intriguing tri-unit-cell relationship was *** NSs with 3n unit cell thickness(n=1,2,3),a bulk-like d_(33) at a value of~9 pm/V was obtained,whereas NSs with other thickness showed a~30%higher d_(33) of~12 pm/*** of d_(33) as a function of ZnO unit cell numbers offers a new experimental discovery toward nanoscale piezoelectricity from nonlayered materials that are piezoelectric in bulk.

关键词： piezoelectric coupling driving

Environmental impact improvements due to introducing automation into underground copper mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第6期31卷 1159-1167页

作者： Kyle Moreau corey Laamanen Ron Bose Helen Shang John Ashley Scott School of Engineering Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada XPS–Glencore Greater SudburyON P0M 1S0Canada

A life-cycle assessment(LCA) model was developed to comparatively analyze the use of manual and automated mining equipment in underground copper mine *** and key variables that were determined to contribute to the environmental impact of operations were identified for six mine sites in a range of geographical locations around the *** model successfully calculated carbon dioxide(CO_(2) eq.) emissions to within 4.9% of the reported annual emissions from the site's respective *** implementation of automation was found to decrease global warming potential by a range of 11.4%-18.0% or 3.9-17.9 kg CO_(2) eq./t *** model was also used to estimate the average reductions across several impact potentials including,acidification(11.9%-17.8%),eutrophication(7.6%-13.7%),and human toxicity(16.0%-20.0%).World-wide the mining industry is moving toward introducing significantly more automation to enhance productivity and *** novel work demonstrates an important third dimension that can support this move,reduced environmental impact.

关键词： Automation Underground copper mines Environmental improvements Life cycle assessment Modelling

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Messages on the Path

疯狂英语（初中天地） 2008年第10期 66-67页

作者： corey Amaro

There is a message in each step on the path. Gathered in the bold stones and softened by the moss, Rising to meet you in the leaf that sprouts from the crack,

关键词： Messages on the Path

Unavoidable disorder and entropy in multi-component systems

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 544-546页

作者： Cormac Toher corey Oses David Hicks Stefano Curtarolo Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The need for improved functionalities is driving the search for more complicated multi-component *** the factorially increasing composition space,ordered compounds with four or more species are ***,we unveil the competition between the gain in enthalpy and entropy with increasing number of species by statistical analysis of the AFLOW data repositories.A threshold in the number of species is found where entropy gain exceeds enthalpy *** that,enthalpy can be neglected,and disorder—complete or partial—is unavoidable.

关键词： materials. entropy enthalpy

A ROADMAP FOR BUILDING CLIMATE RESILIENCE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS:A CASE STUDY OF ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第4期15卷 237-256页

作者： Hailey Campbell Alise Crippen corey Hawkey Mick Dalrymple College of Global Futures Masters of Sustainability Solutions Student&Climate Resilience Program Assistant for University Sustainability PracticesArizona State University College of Global Futures B.S.Sustainability Student&Climate Resilience Program Assistant for University Sustainability PracticesArizona State University University Sustainability Practices Assistant DirectorArizona State University University Sustainability Practices DirectorArizona State University

Over the past few years, more and more higher education institutions have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality and designed and adopted Climate Action Plans. Although many higher institutions are adopting climate action plans, few are integrating resil-ience principles and priorities, which are essential for understanding institutions’ adaptive capacity for dealing with climate change. There is little existing research on how higher education institutions can implement climate resilience programs, behav-iors, and policies into their planning process and campus-communities. To address this gap, this case study explores Arizona State University’s process of designing and implementing a climate resilience plan and outlines best practices other higher educa-tion institutions can utilize to create their own climate resilience plan. We critically discuss the importance of climate resilience at the higher education level, outline steps necessary for designing an inclusive and holistic climate resilience plan, and provide examples of important techniques used to design the climate resilience plan.

关键词： climate resilience higher education sustainability climate change planning

100pT/cm single-point MEMS magnetic gradiometer from a commercial accelerometer

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 602-614页

作者： Josh Javor Alexander Stange corey Pollock Nicholas Fuhr David J.Bishop Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Magnetic sensing is present in our everyday interactions with consumer electronics and demonstrates the potential for the measurement of extremely weak biomagnetic fields,such as those of the heart and *** this work,we leverage the many benefits of microelectromechanical system(MEMS)devices to fabricate a small,low-power,and inexpensive sensor whose resolution is in the range of biomagnetic *** present,biomagnetic fields are measured only by expensive mechanisms such as optical pumping and superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs),suggesting a large opportunity for MEMS technology in this *** prototype fabrication is achieved by assembling micro-objects,including a permanent micromagnet,onto a postrelease commercial MEMS accelerometer using a pick-and-place *** this system,we demonstrate a room-temperature MEMS magnetic *** air,the sensor’s response is linear,with a resolution of 1.1 nT cm^(−1),spans over 3 decades of dynamic range to 4.6µT cm^(−1),and is capable of off-resonance measurements at low *** a 1mTorr vacuum with 20 dB magnetic shielding,the sensor achieves a 100 pT cm^(−1) resolution at *** resolution represents a 30-fold improvement compared with that of MEMS magnetometer technology and a 1000-fold improvement compared with that of MEMS gradiometer *** sensor is capable of a small spatial resolution with a magnetic sensing element of 0.25 mm along its sensitive axis,a>4-fold improvement compared with that of MEMS gradiometer *** calculated noise floor of this platform is 110 fTcm^(−1) Hz−1/2,and thus,these devices hold promise for both magnetocardiography(MCG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG)applications.

关键词： accelerometer magnetometer everyday