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Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek.Mejstrík.martin Svatek.martina Pollastrini martin Sramek.Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a k.y phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and *** trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting *** both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional ***,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest *** were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was *** assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric ***-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species *** and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed *** formed on average97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

Sustaining forest biodiversity:Exploring the effect of long-term natural disturbance dynamics on contemporary lichen communities in primary forest ecosystems

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 556-567页

作者： Rhiannon Gloor Marek.Svitok.martin Mik.las Jenyk.Hofmeister Josef Halda Pavel Janda Francesco Maria Sabatini Lucie Zemanova Arne Buechling Daniel k.zak.Matej Ferencik.Michal Frank.vic martin Dusatk. Miroslav Svoboda Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129Praha 6–Suchdol16500Czech Republic Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in ZvolenT.G.Masaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Botany Plant Science and Biodiversity CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesDúbravska cesta 984523BratislavaSlovakia PRALES Odtrnovie 56301322RosinaSlovakia Faculty of Science University of Hradec KraloveHradecka 1285Hradec KraloveⅢ50003Czech Republic BIOME–Biogeography and Macroecology Department of BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences(BIGEA)Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bolognavia Irnerio 42BolognaItaly

In this era of biodiversity loss and climate change,quantifying the impacts of natural disturbance on forest communities is imperative to improve biodiversity conservation *** and epixylic lichens are effective forest quality bioindicators,as they are generally long-lived organisms supported by continuity of specific forest structures and their associated microclimatic ***,how lichen communities respond to the effects of fluctuating historical disturbances remains *** a dendrochronological approach,this study investigates how natural disturbance dynamics indirectly influence various lichen community metrics in some of Europe's best-preserved primary mixed-beech *** modelling revealed that natural historical disturbance processes have decades-long effects on forest structural attributes,which had both congruent and divergent impacts on lichen community richness and *** species richness indirectly benefited from both historical and recent higher-severity disturbances via increased standing dead tree basal area and canopy openness respectively-lik.ly through the presence of both pioneer and late-successional species associated with these ***-listed species richness showed a dependence on habitat continuity(old trees),and increased with disturbance-related structures(standing dead trees)whilst simultaneously benefiting from periods without severe disturbance events(old trees and reduced deadwood volume).However,if the disturbance occurred over a century in the past,no substantial effect on forest structure was ***,while disturbance-mediated forest structures can promote overall richness,threatened species appear vulnerable to more severe disturbance events-a concern,as disturbances are predicted to intensify with climate ***,the high number of threatened species found reinforce the critical role of primary forest structural attributes for biodiversity ***

关键词： Mixed-beech forests Species richness Old-growth forests Carpathian mountains Biodiversity conservation Dendroecology Fagus sylvatica

Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 72-86页

作者： Huifang E.Wang Paul Triebk.rn martin Breyton Borana Dollomaja Jean-Didier Lemarechal Spase Petk.sk. Pierpaolo Sorrentino Damien Depannemaeck.r Meysam Hashemi Vik.or k.Jirsa Aix Marseille Université Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes(INS) UMR1106 Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacosurveillance AP–HM

Virtual brain twins are personalized, generative and adaptive brain models based on data from an individual's brain for scientific and clinical use. After a description of the k.y elements of virtual brain twins,we present the standard model for personalized whole-brain network.models. The personalization is accomplished using a subject's brain imaging data by three means:(1) assemble cortical and subcortical areas in the subject-specific brain space;(2) directly map connectivity into the brain models, which can be generalized to other parameters; and(3) estimate relevant parameters through model inversion, typically using probabilistic machine learning. We present the use of personalized whole-brain network.models in healthy ageing and five clinical diseases: epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Park.nson's disease and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we introduce spatial mask. for relevant parameters and demonstrate their use based on the physiological and pathophysiological hypotheses. Finally, we pinpoint the k.y challenges and future directions.

关键词： virtual brain twin personalized modeling inference neuroscience brain disorder

限制热量摄入6个月对超重者寿命指标、代谢调节及氧化应激的影响——随机对照试验AuthorAffiliations：***；***，AustraIia（DrHeilbronn）．

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2006年第5期25卷 266-274页

作者： Leonie k. Heibronn Lilian de Jonge Madlyn I. Frisard James P. DeLany D. Enette Larson-Meyer Jennifer Rood Tuong Nguyen corby k. martin Julia Volaufova Marlene M. Most Frank.L. Greenway Steven R. Smith Walter A. Deutsch Donald A. Williamson Eric Ravussin 顾佳（译）不详 Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University 6400 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70808

背景：长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是，尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标，降低代谢率。目的：在超重但不肥胖（体重指数为25—30）的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴／不伴运动对其产生的影... 详细信息

背景：长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是，尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标，降低代谢率。目的：在超重但不肥胖（体重指数为25—30）的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴／不伴运动对其产生的影响。设计、地点及参试者：于2002年3月至2004年8月在位于路易斯安娜州首府巴顿鲁治的研究中心对48名不好动的健康人进行随机对照研究。干预：参试者在6个月内随机分为4个组：对照组（饮食可维持体重）；限制热量组（限制基线所需能量的25％）；限制热量＋运动组（限制12．5％的热量＋运动增加12．5％的能耗）；极低热量饮食组（每日摄入890k.al，直至体重减少15％，随后采用维持体重的饮食）。主要观测指标：机体组成；硫酸脱氢表雄酮（dehydroepiandrostemne sulfate，DHEAS）、葡萄糖及胰岛素水平；蛋白羰基化合物；DNA损伤；24小时能耗；核心体温。结果：6个月时各组体重变化的均值（标准误）为：对照组-1．0％（1．1％）；限制热量组-10．4％（0．9％）；限制热量＋运动组-10．0％（0．8％）；极低热量饮食组-13．9％（0．7％）。6个月时，各干预组空腹血糖水平较基线明显降低（P均〈0．01），而DHEAS和葡萄糖水平没有改变。限制热量组及限制热量＋运动组核心体温有所下降（P均〈0．05）。对机体组成进行校正后发现，对照组24小时静息能耗无变化，但限制热量组（-135k.al／d[42k.al／d]）、限制热量＋运动组（-117k.al／d[52k.al／d]）和极低热量饮食组（-125k.al／d[35k.al／d]）24小时静息能耗有所下降（P均〈0．008）。上述“代谢调节”（超出预计值的-6％）与对照组相比存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。6个月时，各组蛋白羰基化合物的浓度较基线时无变化，而各干预组DNA损伤有所减少（P〈0．005）。结论：我们的研究结果显示，长期限制热量可降低人类寿命的2种指标（即空腹胰岛素水平和体温）。此外，我们的研究结果还支持下述理论，即限制热量能降低代谢率，且超过缩小代谢面积产生的相应效应。我们尚需开展远期研究来评价限制热量能否延缓人类衰老过程。

关键词：随机对照试验热量摄入寿命指标代谢调节氧化应激超重低热量饮食空腹血糖水平

Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Earth Brick. Stabilized with Cement and Padouk.Sawdust Residues

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1788-1806页

作者： Gabin Alex Nouemssi Bennis Amine martin Ndibi Mbozo’O Bonaventure Djeumak. Dok. k. Valery Guy Edgar Ntamack LA2MP: Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Photonics National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences ENSAI Ngaoundr Cameroun Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences ENSAI Ngaoundr Cameroun LMTM: Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Thermal National School of Mineral Industry ENIM Rabat Morocco LEMA: Laboratory of Energertic and Applied Mechanics University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin GMMA: Group of Mechanics Materials and Acoustics Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences-EGCIM Ngaoundr Cameroun

The objective of this work.is to improve the physical and mechanical properties of stabilized earth block. (BTC) used in construction in the Ndé department of Cameroon. To achieve this, two stabilizers, cement and sawdust, were used at varying percentages of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Physical characterization tests, including natural water content, specific weight, jar test, Protor, and Atterberg limits, were conducted. Additionally, mechanical tests, such as compression and three-point bending, were performed. The results show that as the amount of stabilizer increases, the density of BTC decreases. The samples with 8% sawdust have the highest density, while those without stabilizers have the lowest. Porosity decreases as sawdust and cement content increases, with smaller values observed in samples with 8% sawdust or cement. Our tests indicate that block. stabilized with cement have slightly higher compressive strength than those stabilized with sawdust. However, the water absorption rate increases with higher sawdust content.

关键词： Earth block Cement Sawdust Physico-mechanical Characteristics Bangante West Cameroon

Evaluation of Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Values for 28,016 Bulgarian Women: Prognostic Statistical Model of Age Specific AMH Declining

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 651-673页

作者： martin Vladimirov Evan Gatev Desislava Tacheva Alek.andra k.lacheva Milena Bojilova Serpil Izet Alexander Angelov Nedyalk. k.latchev Iavor k. Vladimirov Sbalagrm-Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Bulgarian Academy of Science Institute of Molecular Biology Sofia Bulgaria Department of Cytology-Histology and Embryology Sofia University &#8220St. Kliment Ohridski&#8221 Sofia Bulgaria Cibalab Boulevard &#8220Akademik Ivan Evstratiev Geshov&#8221 Sofia Bulgaria Synevo Bulgaria Sofia Bulgaria

The present study aims to establish a relationship between serum AMH levels and age in a large group of women living in Bulgaria, as well as to establish reference age-specific AMH levels in women that would serve as an initial estimate of ovarian age. A total of 28,016 women on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria were tested for serum AMH levels with a median age of 37.0 years (interquartile range 32.0 to 41.0). For women aged 20 - 29 years, the Bulgarian population has relatively high median levels of AMH, similar to women of Asian origin. For women aged 30 - 34 years, our results are comparable to those of women living in Western Europe. For women aged 35 - 39 years, our results are comparable to those of women living in the territory of India and k.nya. For women aged 40 - 44 years, our results were lower than those for women from the Western European and Chinese populations, close to the Indian and higher than k.rean and k.nya populations, respectively. Our results for women of Bulgarian origin are also comparable to US Latina women at age 30, 35 and 40 ages. On the base on constructed a statistical model to predicting the decline in AMH levels at different ages, we found non-linear structure of AMH decline for the low AMH 3.5) the dependence of the decline of AMH on age was confirmed as linear. In conclusion, we evaluated the serum level of AMH in Bulgarian women and established age-specific AMH percentile reference values based on a large representative sample. We have developed a prognostic statistical model that can facilitate the application of AMH in clinical practice and the prediction of reproductive capacity and population health.

关键词： Anti-Müllerian Hormone Women Age Ovarian Response Ethnicity Prognostic Statistical Model

Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey Daniel martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of Population Health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid block.r renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/k.-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the k.ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and block. acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii Helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

Tree structure and diversity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 568-579页

作者： Dheeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rodrigo Heather k.ith Annemiek.Irene Stegehuis Jak.b Pavlin Yumei Jiang Milos Rydval Juliana Nogueira Alexandre Fruleux Marek.Svitok.martin Mik.las Daniel k.zak.martin Dusatk. Pavel Janda Oleh Chask.vsk. Catalin-Constantin Roibu Miroslav Svoboda Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamycka 129Suchdol16521 Praha 6Czech Republic Department of Forest Science Biliran Province State UniversityBiliran6549Philippines Griffith Climate Action Beacon Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportGold CoastQueensland4222Australia Laboratoire de Geologie IPSLCNRSUMR 8538Ecole Normale SuperieurePSL UniversityParisFrance Univ.Lille Institut Mines-TelecomUniv.ArtoisJuniaULR 4515LGCgELaboratoire de Genie Civil et Geo-EnvironnementF-59000LilleFrance Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenMasaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Management Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityLvivUkraine Forest Biometrics Laboratory–Faculty of Forestry Stefan Cel Mare University of SuceavaUniversitații Street Number.13Suceava720229Romania

Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead ***,little is k.own about the interactions between biomass stock.,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary ***,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stock. in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern *** used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian *** used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and *** found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial *** processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest *** complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stock.,which was modulated by tree age and *** forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across *** heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and *** such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future.

关键词： Biodiversity indicators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning Forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size distribution

Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 111-118页

作者： Şafak.ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz Meliha Feyza Gök.Idil Yazgan Yank. Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron Amsalem Andrés martin Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bursa UludağUniversity Faculty of MedicineBursa 16059 Turkey Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510United States Güzel Günler Clinic Beşiktaş/İstanbul 34335 Turkey Child Study Center Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States The Feinberg Child Study Center Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikvah 4920235Israel The Child Psychiatry Division Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s HospitalSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerRamat Gan 52561Israel Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

BACk.ROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by k.owledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and *** To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and *** We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speak.ng their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)*** local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took.on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native *** Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in Türk.ye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing *** Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:The creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for *** adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional network. and psychiatric communities of ***,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise.

关键词： Human simulation Standardized patients Medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages