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Simulation of catalytic upgrading in CAPRI,an add-on process to novel in-situ combustion,THAI

Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 297-307页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu ado Malcolm Greaves Sean PRigby Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.o.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

Based on the analysis of recent projections by the International Energy Agency(IEA),to meet the growing and subsequently declining demands of oil from now to 2040,we need up to around 770 billion barrels of *** the worldwide total proved reserves of easy-and-cheaper-to-produce conventional oils is roughly only 520.2 billion barrels,the remaining 249.8 billion barrels must be obtained from unconventional petroleum resources(*** oils and bitumen).These resources are however very difficult and costly to upgrade and produce due to their inherently high asphaltene contents which are reflected in their very high viscosities and large ***,still they should prove attractive development prospects if,as much as practicably possible,their upgrading can be performed in conjunction with in situ or downhole catalytic upgrading *** projects will contribute significantly towards smoother and greener transition to full *** technologies,such as the toe-to-heel air injection coupled to its add-on in situ catalytic process(***-CAPRI processes),have the potential to develop these reserves,but require further developmental understanding to realise their full *** this work,a new detailed procedure for numerically simulating the THAI-CAPRI processes is *** numerical model is made-up of Athabasca-type bitumen and it has a horizontal producer(HP)well that is surrounded by an annular layer of alumina-supported cobalt-oxide-molybdenum-oxide(CoMo/γ-Al2O3)*** simulation is performed using the computer modelling group(CMG)reservoir simulator,*** new work has shown that the choice of the frequency factor of the catalytic reactions allowed model validation based on the degree of catalytic upgrading in form of API ***,the work herein identifies the important parameters,such as API gravity,peak temperature,oil production rate,cumulative oil production,produced oxygen concentration,temperatur

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) In situ combustion(ISC) Reservoir simulation Heavy oil/tar sand/bitumen In situ catalytic upgrading process(CAPRI)

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Numerical simulation investigations of the applicability of THAI in situ combustion process in heavy oil reservoirs underlain by bottom water

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Petroleum Research 2023年第1期8卷 36-43页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu ado Malcolm Greaves Sean P.Rigby Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.O.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

The presence of a bottom water(BW)layer in heavy oil reservoirs can present substantial problems for efficient oil recovery for all recovery ***,it is necessary to know how particular production processes are affected by different BW layer thicknesses,and how standard production procedures can be adapted to handle such ***-to-heel air injection(THAI)is a thermally efficient process,generating in situ energy in the reservoir by burning a fraction of the oil-in-place as coke and has the potential to economically and environmentally friendly work in reservoirs with BW ***,to ascertain that,studies are needed *** are conducted via numerical simulations using commercial reservoir thermal simulator,CMG *** work has shown that the shape of the combustion zone in THAI remains forward-leaning even in the presence of a BW layer,indicating that the process is stable,and that there is no oxygen bypassing of the combustion ***,the oil recovery rate is highly negatively affected by how large the thickness of the BWzone is,and the severity of such effect is determined to be proportional to the thickness of the BW *** study also shows that there is a period of low oil production rate which corresponds to mobilised oil displacement into the BW zone which in turn causes a surge in water production *** practical implication of this is that prolonged period of low oil production rates will expose companies and/or investors to higher risk due to the oil market *** this study,it is also revealed that the height of the mobilised oil that is displaced into the BW zone equates to that of the displaced and replaced water thereby implying that when the BW layer thickness is 50%that of the oil layer(OL),less than 50%of the mobilised oil will be recovered when the entire reservoir is swept by the combustion ***,conclusively,applying the THAI process in its conventional form in reservoirs containing bott

关键词： In situ combustion(ISC) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Tar sand/heavy oil/bitumen Reservoir simulation Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)

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Effect of operating pressure on the performance of THAI-CAPRI in situ combustion and in situ catalytic process for simultaneous thermal and catalytic upgrading of heavy oils and bitumen

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 155-164页

According to the analysis of the 2020 estimates of the International Energy Agency(2020),the world will require up to 770 billion barrels of oil from now to ***,based on the British Petroleum(BP)statistical review of world energy 2020,the world-wide total reserve of the conventional light oil is only 520.2 billion barrels as at the end of *** implies that the remaining 249.8 billion barrels of oil urgently needed to ensure a smooth transition to a decarbonised global energy and economic systems is provided must come from unconventional oils(*** oils and bitumen)*** heavy oils and bitumen are very difficult to produce and the current commercial production technologies have poor efficiency and release large quantities of greenhouse ***,these resources should ideally be upgraded and produced using technologies that have greener *** is where the energy-efficient,environmentally friendly,and self-sustaining THAI-CAPRI coupled in situ combustion and in situ catalytic upgrading process comes ***,the novel THAI-CAPRI process is trialled only once at field and it has not gained wide recognition due to poor understanding of the optimal design parameters and ***,this work reports the first ever results of investigations of the effect of operating pressure on the performance of the THAI-CAPRI *** experimental scale numerical models of the process based on Athabasca tar sand properties were run at pressures of 8000 kPa and 500 kPa respectively using CMG *** study has shown that the higher the operating pressure,the larger the API gravity and the higher the cumulative volume of high-quality oil is produced(i.e.a 2300 cm3 of z24 oAPI oil produced at 8000 kPa versus the 2050 cm3 of z17.5 oAPI oil produced at 500 kPa).The study has further shown that despite presence of annular catalyst layer,the THAI-CAPRI process operates ***,it is found that a more stable and safer operation of th

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Reservoir simulation In situ combustion(ISC) Heavy oil/Bitumen/Tar sand In situ catalytic upgrading

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Raman scattering study of the phonon dispersion in twisted bilayer graphene

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Nano Research 2013年第4期6卷 269-274页

作者： Jessica Campos-Delgado Luiz G. Cangado Carlos A. Achete ado Jorio Jean-Pierre Raskin Institute of Information and Communication Technologies Electronics andApplied Mathematics (ICTEAM) Universite catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 Belgium Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Hofizonte MG 30123-970 Brazil Divisao de Metrologia de Materiais Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qua/Made e Tecnologia (INMETRO) Xerem RJ 25250-020 Brazil

Bilayer graphene with a twist angle O between the layers generates a superlattice structure known as a Moir6 pattern. This superlattice provides a O-dependent q wavevector that activates phonons in the interior of the Brillouin zone. Here we show that this superlattice-induced Raman scattering can be used to probe the phonon dispersion in twisted bilayer graphene （tBLG）. The effect reported here is different from the widely studied double-resonance in graphene-related materials in many aspects, and despite the absence of stacking order in tBLG, layer breathing vibrations （namely ZO＇ phonons） are observed.

关键词： twisted bilayer graphene Raman spectroscopy phonon branches

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Genetics of carotenoids for provitamin A biofortification in tropical-adapted maize

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The Crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 313-322页

作者： Alhassan D.Halilu Shehu G.ado Daniel A.Aba Inuwa S.Usman Department of Plant Science Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University

Yellow maize contains high levels of β-carotene(βC), making it an important crop for combating vitamin A deficiency through biofortification. In this study, nine maize inbred lines were selected at random from 31 provitamin A(PVA) maize inbred lines and crossed in a partial diallel mating design to develop 36 crosses. The crosses were evaluated in the field in two locations(Samaru and Kerawa) and their seed carotenoid content were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The modes of gene action, heritability, and correlations between agronomic traits and carotenoid content were estimated. Additive genetic variances(σ~2a) were lower than non-additive genetic variances(σ~2d) for all the carotenoids, plant height(PH), and grain yield(GY), suggesting a preponderance of non-additive gene action. Broad-sense heritability(H^2) was high(H^2> 60%) for zeaxanthin,days to anthesis, and PH, moderate(30% correlations with carotenoid content, suggesting that these traits can be improved concurrently. Thus, there is ample scope for improvement of PVA and GY in the sample of tropical-adapted maize.

关键词： Biofortification Tropical-adapted maize Provitamin A Carotenoids Gene actions correlations

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Finding Dutch natives in online forums

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第3期3卷 230-239页

作者： Bernard van den Boom cor J.Veenman Leiden University Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science(LIACS)LeidenThe Netherlands Netherlands Forensic Institute The HagueThe Netherlands TNO The HagueThe Netherlands

Law enforcement agencies have a restricted area in which their powers apply,which is called their *** restrictions also apply to the ***,on the Internet,the physical borders of the jurisdiction,typically country borders,are hard to *** our case,it is hard to establish whether someone involved in criminal online behavior is indeed a Dutch *** propose a way to overcome the arduous task of manually investigating whether a user on an Internet forum is Dutch or *** precisely,we aim to detect that a given English text is written by a Dutch native *** develop a detector,we follow a machine learning ***,we need to prepare a specific training *** obtain a corpus that is representative for online forums,we collected a large amount of English forum posts from Dutch and non-Dutch authors on *** learn a detection model,we used a bag-of-words representation to capture potential misspellings,grammatical errors or unusual turns of phrases that are characteristic of the mother tongue of the *** this learning task,we compare the linear support vector machine and regularized logistic regression using the appropriate performance metrics f1 score,precision,and average *** results show logistic regression with frequency-based feature selection performs best at predicting Dutch *** study should be directed to the general applicability of the results that is to find out if the developed models are applicable to other forums with comparable high performance.

关键词： Forensic data science text mining author profiling corpus creation big data open source intelligence native language verification

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Analysis of asphalt mix surface-tread rubber interaction by using finite element method

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第4期4卷 395-402页

作者： Santosh Kumar Srirangam Kumar Anupam cor Kasbergen Athanasios (Tom) Scarpas HSL Constructor Pte Ltd. Singapore 609162 Singapore Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

The surface texture of the pavement plays a very important role in driving the frictional properties at the tire rubber-pavement interface. Particularly, the hysteretic friction due to viscoelastic deformations of rubber depends mainly on the pavement surface texture. In the present paper, the effect of micromechanical pavement surface morphology on rubber block friction was brought in by comparing the friction results for three different asphalt mix morphological surfaces, named stone mastic asphalt （SMA）, ultra-thin surfacing （UTS） and porous asphalt （PA）. The asphalt surface morphologies of these mixes were captured by using an X-ray tornographer, from which the resulting images micromechanical finite element （FE） meshes for SMA, UTS and PA pavements were developed by means of the SimpleWare software. In the FE model, the rubber and asphalt binder were modeled as viscoelastic （V-E） materials and the formulation was given in the large deformation frame- work. FE simulations were then carried out by using contact algorithm between rubber and the road surface. It was observed that the rubber friction inversely varies with the sliding speed and positively varies with the pressure for all the pavement morphological and stiffness conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the highly porous pavement surface results in large dissipation of energy, hence, large rubber friction which shows that the mix characteristics of pavements have a simaificant effect on rubber friction.

关键词： Surface texture Hysteretic friction Micromechanical analysis Finite element Contact

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第9期36卷 66-70页

作者：方雯 Eddy Simoen Li Chikang Marc Aoulaiche 罗军赵超 cor Claeys IMEC E.E. Depart. KU Leuven Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Micron Technology Belgium IMEC Campus

This paper studies the amplitude of random telegraph noise （RTN） caused by a single trap in the sili- con film of ultra-thin buried oxide （UTBOX） silicon-on-insulator （SOl） devices. The film-defect-related RTN was identified and analyzed by low frequency noise measurement and time domain measurement. Emphasis is on the relative amplitude AID/ID, which is studied in the function of the front-gate, the back-gate and the drain-to-source biases. Interesting asymmetric or symmetric VDS dependence of switched source and drain are observed and sup- ported by calibrated Sentaurus simulations. It is believed the asymmetry of the VDs dependence of the switched source and drain is related to the lateral trap position along the source and drain.

关键词： random telegraph noise low frequency noise ultra-thin BOX silicon-on-insulator single charge trap

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Effects of meal size and proximal-distal segmentation on gastric activity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5861-5868页

作者： Madileine F Américo Marjorie V Ietsugu Fernando G Romeiro Luciana A corá Ricardo B Oliveira José Ricardo A Miranda Department of Physics and Biophysics IBBUNESP-Sao Paulo State University Institute of Biological Sciences and Health ICBSUFMT-University of Mato Grosso Department of Clinical Medicine FMBUNESP-Sao Paulo State University Department of Clinical Medicine FMRPUSP-University of So Paulo UNCISAL-Alagoas State University of Health Sciences

AIM:To evaluate the effects of meal size and three segmentations on intragastric distribution of the meal and gastric motility,by ***:Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assessed,twice,by *** test meal consisted of 60 or 180 mL of yogurt labeled with 64 MBq 99m Tc-tin *** and posterior dynamic frames were simultaneously acquired for 18 min and all data were analyzed in *** proximal-distal segmentations using regions of interest were adopted for both ***:Intragastric distribution of the meal between the proximal and distal compartments was strongly influenced by the way in which the stomach was divided,showing greater proximal retention after the 180 *** important finding was that both dominant frequencies (1 and 3 cpm) were simultaneously recorded in the proximal and distal stomach;however,the power ratio of those dominant frequencies varied in agreement with the segmentation adopted and was independent of the meal ***:It was possible to simultaneously evaluate the static intragastric distribution and phasic contractility from the same recording using our scintigraphic approach.

关键词： Gastric motility Phasic contractions Proximal stomach Scintigraphy Meal size

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Exploring the Developmental Stages of Amharic Nominal and Verbal Gender:Evidence for processability theory

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宏观语言学 2022年第1期10卷 36-76页

作者： Henok Alemu Derib ado Addis Ababa University Ethiopia

The purpose of this article is ***,it explores the order of the development of nominal and verbal gender of Amharic,which is one of the Ethio-Semitic ***,it provides empirical evidence for the typological plausibility of processability theory(PT).In fact,PT has been tested in typologically different languages(e.g.,English,Italian,and Japan);however,it does not have any validation from Ethiopian languages in general and Ethio-Semitic languages in particular *** data was collected from sixteen respondents via picture description tasks,short storytelling,interviews,story re-telling,and spot the difference *** analysis was conducted for the analysis,and the point of emergence of target structures was determined using the emergence ***,the result shows that the development of gender assignment is compatible with processability theory’s predictions in that lexical procedure precedes phrasal procedure,which is followed by ***,the masculine gender emerged earlier than its feminine counterpart at all developmental ***,subject agreement markers in pro-drop context emerged at stage two preceding subject verb *** finding is against processability theory’s claim that suggests subject agreement markers only emerge at stage four of the processability hierarchy disregarding their stages of development in pro-drop context in particular.

关键词： processability theory gender agreement developmental stages morpho syntax Amharic interlanguage

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