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化学减容法治疗黄斑视网膜母细胞瘤:分析68例接受或未接受辅助温热疗法肿瘤患者的病情控制情况

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 15-16页

作者： shields C.L. Mashayekhi A. Cater j. 陈立军 Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital 840 Walnut St Philadelphia PA 19107 United States Dr.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chemoreduction alone and chemoredu ction with thermotherapy for macular retinoblastoma. Design: Prospective, nonran domized, single-center case series. Setting: Ocular Oncology Service at Wills E ye Hospital of Thomas jefferson University in conjunction with the Division of O ncology at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (Pa). Participants: There we re 68 macular retinoblastomas in 62 eyes of 49 patients managed with chemoreduct ion from january 1995 through january 2003. Intervention: All patients received 6 cycles of intravenous chemoreduction using vincristine, etoposide, and carbopl atin. The patients were then treated according to 1 of 2 approaches: chemoreduct ion alone with no adjuvant focal therapy (group A) or chemoreduction combined wi th adjuvant foveal-sparing thermotherapy to each macular retinoblastoma (group B).Main Outcome Measure: Tumor recurrence. Results: Of the 68 tumors, 28 were in group A and 40 were in group B. A comparison of both groups revealed that the t umors were similar with regard to clinical features. The mean tumor basal dimens ion was 12.3 mm for group A and 12.1 mm for group B, and the mean tumor thicknes s was 6.8 mm for group A and 6.1 mm for group B. Tumors in group A occupied a me an of 71%of the macula, and those in group B occupied 74%of the macula. Follow ing treatment, Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed that group A tumors showed recur rence in 25%by 1 year and 35%by 4 years whereas those in group B showed recurr ence in 17%by 1 year and 17%by 4 years. All recurrences were treated with addi tional focal thermotherapy, cryotherapy, or plaque radiotherapy except for 1 tha t required external beam radiotherapy and 1 that required enucleation, both in g roup A. Univariate analysis revealed that predictors of tumor recurrence were in traretinal growth pattern (vs endophytic); small tumor basal dimension (less tha n 3 mm and occupying a smaller percentage of the macula); absence of su

关键词：化学减容法视网膜母细胞瘤温热疗法病情控制黄斑部鬼臼乙叉甙顺羧酸铂中心凹复发率单眼发病

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爱尔兰海洋经济和资源

经济资料译丛 2010年第1期 113-131页

作者： Y shields j O’Cornor j O’Leary 周怡圃王占坤羊志洪国家海洋信息中心海洋经济部 300171

什么是爱尔兰？这或许是个奇怪的问题。目前还很少有人认为爱尔兰是一个海洋国家。如果有人认为爱尔兰由9万平方公里的陆域面积和90万平方公里的海域面积组成，就更加稀奇了。

关键词：海洋经济爱尔兰资源海域面积平方

对吸入大剂量糖皮质激素治疗哮喘的儿童进行生长发育监测,不能预测其对肾上腺的抑制情况

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 8-9页

作者： Dunlop K.A. Carson D.j. Steen H.j. M.D.shields 刘健 Dept.of Child HealthQueen's University of Belfast Institute of Clinical ScienceGrosvenor RoadBelfast BT12 6BJUnited Kingdom

目的:本文旨在确定是否可以通过对常规门诊患者生长发育情况监测的方法,来预测吸入大剂量糖皮质激素治疗患有哮喘的青春期前儿童其肾上腺的抑制情况。方法:35名青春期前儿童(4-10岁),每天至少吸入1000 μg布地奈德气雾剂或等效力的糖皮... 详细信息

目的:本文旨在确定是否可以通过对常规门诊患者生长发育情况监测的方法,来预测吸入大剂量糖皮质激素治疗患有哮喘的青春期前儿童其肾上腺的抑制情况。方法:35名青春期前儿童(4-10岁),每天至少吸入1000 μg布地奈德气雾剂或等效力的糖皮质激素6个月以上。主要观察指标:肾上腺功能测试前6个月和前12个月期间的身高标准差积分(HtSDS)变化,低剂量二十四肽促皮质素刺激后皮质醇的增量和峰值变化。在皮质醇的峰值≤500 nmol/L时,确定为肾上腺抑制。

关键词：肾上腺功能糖皮质激素青春期前布地奈德气雾剂促皮质素生长发育情况等效力四肽相似比特异性

Shear velocity criterion for incipient motion of sediment

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Water Science and Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 183-193页

作者： Francisco j.M.SIMOES U.S. Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport LaboratoryGolden CO 80403 USA

The prediction of incipient motion has had great importance to the theory of sediment transport. The most commonly used methods are based on the concept of critical shear stress and employ an approach similar, or identical, to the shields diagram. An alternative method that uses the movability number, defined as the ratio of the shear velocity to the particle＇s settling velocity, was employed in this study. A large amount of experimental data were used to develop an empirical incipient motion criterion based on the movability number. It is shown that this approach can provide a simple and accurate method of computing the threshold condition for sediment motion.

关键词： incipient motion sediment transport shields diagram critical shear stress criticalshear velocity movability number

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神经痛性肌萎缩所致膈神经病变

世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第10期 59-60页

作者： Tsao B.E. Ostrovskiy D.A. Wilbourn A.j. shields jr. R.W. 高宗强 Cleveland Clinic Neuromuscular Section 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44195 United States Dr.

The authors reviewed the medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with idiopathic phrenic neuropathy and found that 17 patients had clinical features of neuralgic amyotrophy. They concluded that a careful clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation may implicate neuralgic amyotrophy as a causative disease in patients with apparently isolated phrenic neuropathy.

关键词：膈神经颈丛神经痛性肌萎缩肩神经炎病变

What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： john C. WINGFIELD j. Patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two major ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present major bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or （c） a combination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins （CBP） buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat configuration Glucocorticoids Stress response Corticosteroid-binding proteins Behavior

An international survey of classification and treatment choices for group D retinoblastoma

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第6期10卷 961-967页

作者： Christina Scelfo jasmine H Francis Vikas Khetan Thomas jenkins Brian Marr David H Abramson Carol L shields jacob Pe’er Francis Munier jesse Berry j.William Harbour Andrey Yarovoy Evandro Lucena Timothy G Murray Pooja Bhagia Evelyn Paysse Samuray Tuncer Guillermo L Chantada Annette C Moll Tatiana Ushakova David A Plager Islamov Ziyovuddin Carlos A Leal Miguel A Materin Xun-Da ji jose W Cursino Rodrigo Polania Hayyam Kiratli Charlotta All-Ericsson Rejin Kebudi Santosh G Honavar Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai Sidnel Epelman Anthony B Daniels jeanie D Ling Fousseyni Traore Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz Ophthalmic Oncology Service Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York 10065 USA Department of Ophthalmology Weill-Cornell Medical Center New York 10065 USA Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Oncology Sankara Nathralaya Chennai 600066 India Ocular Ontology Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Pennsylvania 19107 USA Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem 91120 Israel jules-Gonin Eye Hospital Lausanne 1004 Switzerland USC Roski Eye Institute Children＇s Hospital of Los Angeles California 90033 USA Ocular Oncology Service Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Florida 33136 USA Ocular Oncology Department S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution Moscow 127486 Russia Department of Ocular Oncology Instituto Nacional de Cancer Rio de Janeiro 1122 Brazil Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina Miami Children＇s Hospital Florida 33143 USA St. joseph＇s Children＇s Hospital New Jersey 07504 USA Department of Ophthalmology Baylor College of Medicine Texas 77030 USA Department of Ophthalmology Ocular Oncology Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul 34452 Turkey Oncology Department Hospital JP Garrahan Buenos Aires 1245 Argentina Department of Ophthalmology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam 1081 the Netherlands Department of Head and Neck Tumors Science Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center Moscow 115478 Russia Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University Medical Center Indiana 46202 USA National Oncology Center of Uzbekistan Tashkent 110508 Uzbekistan nstituto Nacional de Pediatria Coyoacan 04530 Mexico Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven CT 06520 USA Xin Hua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China Department of Ophthalmology Santa Casa Mi

AIM： To determine which IIRC scheme was used by retinoblastoma centers worldwide and the percentage of D eyes treated primarily with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies as well as to correlate trends in treatment choice to IIRC version used and geographic region. METHODS： An anonymized electronic survey was offered to 115 physicians at 39 retinoblastoma centers worldwide asking about IIRC classification schemes and treatment patterns used between 2008 and 2012. Participants were asked to record which version of the IIRC was used for classification, how many group D eyes were diagnosed, and how many eyes were treated with enucleation versus globe salvaging therapies. Averages of eyes per treatment modality were calculated and stratified by both IIRC version and geographic region. Statistical significance was determined by Chi-square, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests using Prism. RESULTS： The survey was completed by 29% of physicians invited to participate. Totally 1807 D eyes were diagnosed. Regarding IIRC system, 27% of centers used the Children＇s Hospital of Los Angeles （CHLA） version, 33% used the Children＇s Oncology Group （COG） version, 23% used the Philadelphia version, and 17% were unsure. The rate for primary enucleation varied between 0 and 100% and the mean was 29%. By IIRC version, primary enucleation rates were： Philadelphia, 8%; COG, 34%; and CHLA, 37%. By geographic region, primary enucleation rates were： Latin America, 57%; Asia, 40%; Europe, 36%; Africa, 10%, US, 8%; and Middle East, 8%. However, systemic chemoreduction was used more often than enucleation in all regions except Latin America with a mean of 57% per center （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： Worldwide there is no consensus on which IIRC version is used, systemic chemoreduction was the most frequently used initial treatment during the study period followed by enucleation and primary treatment modality, especially enucleation, varied greatly with regards to IIRC version used and geographic r

关键词： retinoblastoma oncology retina enucleation chemotherapy intra-arterial chemotherapy ophthalmic arterychemosurgery cancer

法恩:《弗洛伊德》布朗:《弗洛伊德和后弗洛伊德学派》

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现代外国哲学社会科学文摘 1965年第2期 30-31页

作者：希尔茲水青

心理分析的著作现在已经弄到如此复杂的地步,以至新的研究者也许会不知道如何从这一切著作中找到自己的道路。因此,有时候,有那么一本书,从杂乱无章的书堆中理出一条笔直的大道来,也许是真正有价值的。以《弗洛伊德》这个简单书名出版... 详细信息

心理分析的著作现在已经弄到如此复杂的地步,以至新的研究者也许会不知道如何从这一切著作中找到自己的道路。因此,有时候,有那么一本书,从杂乱无章的书堆中理出一条笔直的大道来,也许是真正有价值的。以《弗洛伊德》这个简单书名出版的吕宾·法恩的最新著作,就是这样的一本书。作者遵循了刘易斯·卡洛尔(Lewis Carroll)的格言,并且做到善始善

关键词：弗洛伊德出版布朗

Adaptive criterion curves describing incipient motion of sediment under wave and current conditions

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International journal of Sediment Research 2021年第5期36卷 616-627页

作者： Shouqian Li Yongjun Lu Dano j.A.Roelvink State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Science Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute

Sediment incipient motion is a fundamental issue in sediment transport theory and engineering *** shields curve often is used to determine the threshold of sediment movement under unidirectional current conditions, it is unclear whether it can be directly applied for the wave or combined wavecurrent conditions. The study developed adaptive criterion curves describing incipient motion of sediment under wave and current conditions based on the flow pattern around the sediment ***, the flow pattern law for fixed particles was recognized based on the friction law under various dynamic conditions(wave, current, and their combinations), and the flow pattern demarcations for incipient sediment motion were obtained with the threshold conditions for sediment movement under various dynamic conditions combined. Secondly, the exact shape of the shields curve in each flow regime was derived under the current condition. By combining the flow pattern demarcations for incipient sediment motion under the wave condition, the criterion curve under the wave condition was *** combining the flow pattern demarcations for incipient sediment motion under the combined currentwave condition, the criterion curve for sediment incipient motion under the combined current-wave condition was derived. The results indicated that the flow pattern around incipient particles includes laminar, laminar-rough turbulent transition, and rough turbulent regimes. The criterion curves for sediment incipient motion under various dynamic conditions stayed the same in the laminar and rough turbulent regimes, but different in the transition regime. Depending on the relative strengths of the currents and waves, the shape of the criterion curve under the combined current-wave condition transitions adaptively between the criterion curve under the current condition and the criterion curve under the wave conditions.

关键词： Current Wave Incipient motion of sediment Adaptive criterion curve Flow pattern law