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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1469-1481页

作者： Kate L.M.Elder joel Berry Aurélien Perron Brandon Bocklund jibril Shittu connor j.rietema Hunter B.Henderson Scott K.McCall joseph T.McKeown Materials Science Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA.✉

Here the discovery of refractory multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)with high-temperature strength and stability is pursued within a constrained and application-relevant design space.A comprehensive approach is developed and applied to explore all 165 ternary systems in the Al-Ce-Fe-Hf-Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti-V-W-Zr family.A subset of ternary systems that contain large areas in composition–temperature space with high strength and robust BCC phase stability is *** sets of high-performing alloys are identified,each set optimized for one combination of phase constraint,optimization target,and temperature *** mechanical tests support the viability of the *** work highlights the importance of considering phase stability,exploring non-equiatomic regions of composition space,and applying application-relevant *** I and II provide three down-selection techniques for identifying high-performing BCC refractory MPEAs,design guidelines,and many candidates predicted to have BCC phase stability and strengths 2–3 times higher than any reported to date.

关键词： alloys element ternary

Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner joseph R.Smith Chris M.Orban juan j.Manfredi Kyle D.Frische Michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(j-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

Experimental Evidence for Coverage Preferences in Flood Insurance

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 178-189页

作者： j.connor Darlington Niko Yiannakoulias School of Earth.Environment and Society McMaster UniversityHamilton.ON L8S 4K1Canada

We used a hypothetical choice experiment to estimate the effect of dwelling value and coverage limits on the probability of purchasing flood insurance while holding the probability of flooding and insurance price constant. The results indicate that demand for flood insurance is negatively associated with the amount of insurance coverage. For people assigned higher-valued dwellings, however, the opposite effect is observed. Since more coverage is generally preferred to less, all else being equal, differences in purchase probability dependent on dwelling value indicate an inconsistent approach to home protection. The higher probability of purchasing flood insurance from people in higher-valued dwellings may indicate an investment into the home as a financial asset, a strategy that is not observed to the same extent among people in lower-valued dwellings. This suggests that use of coverage limits may be differentially preferred based on dwelling value, such that low coverage insurance may have lower uptake for those in high-valued dwellings. As Canada evaluates a national flood insurance program, this research suggests that variable coverage maximums could be a way to increase accessibility and uptake of *** research shows an inconsistent demand for flood insurance, dependent on dwelling value and independent of income.

关键词： Canada Flood insurance Insurance choice experiment Willingness-to-buy

Atomic coordination dictates vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous carbon

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 525-531页

作者： Ashutosh Giri connor j.Dionne Patrick E.Hopkins Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI02881USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

We discuss the role of atomic coordination in dictating the vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous *** systematic atomistic simulations on amorphous carbon structures at varying mass densities show the significant role played by the ratio of sp2 to sp3 hybridized bonds in dictating the contributions from propagating(phonon-like)and non-propagating vibrational modes and their influence on the overall thermal conductivities of the ***,our results show that as the concentration of sp3-bonded carbon atoms increases,the thermal conductivity can be increased by four fold,which is attributed to enhanced contributions from propagating modes in these amorphous *** results shed more light into the role of atomic coordination on dictating heat transfer mechanisms in amorphous materials,and also provide a deeper understanding of the ability to tune the thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon structures through the control of the local atomic coordination.

关键词： amorphous conductivity thermal

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford j.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal j.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi j.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson j.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.j.Hubbard H.jeszenszky M.jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale j.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel j.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit j.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun j.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway john Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

Dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： Debbie jEWITT Craig D.MORRIS Tim G.O’connor Michelle j.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

Management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial in-farction in patients aged≥80 years:a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第10期19卷 789-790页

作者： connor j Matthews joshua Kirby jonathan M Blaxill john P Greenwood Abdul M Mozid jennifer A Rossington Murugapathy Veerasamy Nancy Wassef Stephen B Wheatcroft Heerajnarain Bulluck Yorkshire Heart Centre Leeds General InfirmaryLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom

Coronary artery disease(CAD)is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients.^([1])Despite this,elderly patients are under-represented in most trials of ***-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)is a common cause of hospitalization among patients≥80 years of age,^([2])and with an aging global population,there is a pressing need to establish the optimal management strategy for these ***,we conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized control trials(RCTs)performed to date in patients≥80 years of age,comparing an initial invasive versus conservative strategy to provide insights into their optimal initial management strategy.

关键词： patients mortality analysis

Impact of systems modelling on agronomic research and adoption of new practices in smallholder agriculture

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1478-1489页

作者： D j connor H van Rees P S Carberry The University of Melbourne Crop Facts Mandurang South 3551 Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization

An analysis of the impact of simulation modelling in three diverse crop-livestock improvement projects in Agricultural Research for Development（AR4D） reveals benefits across a range of aspects including identification of objectives, design and implementation of experimental programs, effectiveness of participatory research with smallholder farmers, implementation of system change and scaling-out of *** planning change, farmers must consider complex interactions within both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects of their crop and animal production *** this, whole-farm models that include household models of food, workload and financial requirements have the most utility and *** analysis also proposes improvements in design and implementation of AR4 D projects to improve the utility of simulation modelling for securing positive agronomic and livestock outcomes and lasting legacies.

关键词： agricultural systems animal production crop production modelling research for development

Vortex Shedding Lock-in on Tapered Poles with Polygonal Cross-Section

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Open journal of Fluid Dynamics 2022年第2期12卷 127-153页

作者： jaime A. Ocampo Steven H. Collicott Robert j. connor School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University West Lafayette USA Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA

A study to investigate the effects of taper on vortex shedding coherence on High Mast Lighting Towers (HMLT) with models of eight-, twelve-, and sixteen-sided polygonal cross-section was performed in Purdue’s Boeing Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. Partial tower models were mounted on springs to recreate a flutter phenomenon seen on high mast lighting towers and data was taken using a stationary configuration within the wind tunnel. The model was later oscillated at specified frequencies and amplitudes and the resulting wake and surface pressures were recorded and compared to the stationary cases. The researchers aim to study the characteristics of a “lock-in” phenomenon, that is, a region of pole height where there is a vortex cell with a single shedding frequency, instead of different shedding frequencies for different diameters as Strouhal theory dictates. Results show the existence of vortex cell shedding for clamped models. Using a motor and a forcing cam to recreate the elastic movement of the HMLT in ambient conditions has yielded a specific range of diameters to determine the size of the locked in vortex cells. According to standard Department of Transportation manufacturing standards for tapered HMLT, the lock in distance for small excitations (0.254 cm) would be approximately 305 cm in tower height.

关键词： Vortex Shedding Lock-In Tower Aerodynamics

Prevalence and clinical risk factors for esophageal candidiasis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients:A multicenter retrospective case-control study

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第6期15卷 480-490页

作者： Alexandra V Kimchy AkramⅠAhmad Lindsey Tully connor Lester Kavya Sanghavi joseph j jennings Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Internal Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics MedStar Research InstituteHyattsvilleMD 20781United States Department of Gastroenterology MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States

BACKGROUND Although esophageal candidiasis(EC)may manifest in immunocompetent individuals,there is a lack of consensus in the current literature about predisposing conditions that increase the risk of *** To determine the prevalence of EC in patients without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and identify risk factors for *** We retrospectively reviewed inpatient and outpatient encounters from 5 regional hospitals within the United States(US)from 2015 to *** Classification of Diseases,Ninth and Tenth Revisions were used to identify patients with endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus and *** with HIV were *** with EC were compared to age,gender,and encounter-matched controls without *** demographics,symptoms,diagnoses,medications,and laboratory data were obtained from chart *** in medians for continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and categorical variables using chi-square *** logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for EC,after adjusting for potential confounding *** Of the 1969 patients who had endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus performed from 2015 to 2020,295 patients had the diagnosis of EC.177 of 1969 patients(8.99%)had pathology confirming the diagnosis of EC and were included in the study for data collection and further *** comparison to controls,patients with EC had significantly higher rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease(40.10%vs 27.50%;P=0.006),prior organ transplant(10.70%vs 2%;P<0.001),immunosuppressive medication(18.10%vs 8.10%;P=0.002),proton pump inhibitor(48%vs 30%;P<0.001),corticosteroid(35%vs 17%;P<0.001),Tylenol(25.40%vs 16.20%;P=0.019),and aspirin use(39%vs 27.50%;P=0.013).On multivariable logistic regression analysis,patients with a prior organ transplant had increased odds of EC(OR=5.81;P=0.009),as did patients taking a proton pump inhibitor(OR=1.66;P=0.03)or corticost

关键词： Candidiasis Esophagus Endoscopy Proton pump inhibitors Transplants Glucocorticoids