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Artificial-intellig.nt-powered safety and efficiency improvement for controlling.and scheduling.in integ.ated railway systems

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Hig.-speed Railway 2024年第3期2卷 172-179页

作者： Liu J. Liu g. Wang.Y. Zhang.W. Beijing.National Railway Research & Desig. Institute of Sig.al & Communication g.oup Co. Ltd Beijing 100070 China Eng.neering.Research Center of Railway Industry of Intellig.nt and Autonomous Train Control Beijing 100070 China

The multi-mode integ.ated railway system, anchored by the hig.-speed railway, caters to the diverse travel requirements both within and between cities, offering.safe, comfortable, punctual, and eco-friendly transportation services. With the expansion of the railway networks, enhancing.the efficiency and safety of the comprehensive system has become a crucial issue in the advanced development of railway transportation. In lig.t of the prevailing.application of artificial intellig.nce technolog.es within railway systems, this study leverag.s larg. model technolog. characterized by robust learning.capabilities, efficient associative abilities, and linkag. analysis to propose an Artificial-intellig.nt (AI)-powered railway control and dispatching.system. This system is elaborately desig.ed with four core functions, including.g.obal optimum unattended dispatching. synerg.tic transportation in multiple modes, hig.-speed automatic control, and precise maintenance decision and execution. The deployment pathway and essential tasks of the system are further delineated, along.ide the challeng.s and obstacles encountered. The AI-powered system promises a sig.ificant enhancement in the operational efficiency and safety of the composite railway system, ensuring.a more effective alig.ment between transportation services and passeng.r demands. © 2024 Beijing.Jiaotong.University

关键词： Artificial intellig.nce Hig.-speed railway Larg.-scale mode, system framework Multi-mode railway system Safety and efficiency improvement

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yang.iding.Wang.Da Yang.g.rman Varg.s g. g.ang.ou Hao Jennifer S.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang.Yunbing.Zhang.Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecolog. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biolog.cal Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecolog. and Manag.ment Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecolog. Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying.how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insig.t into diverg.nce in ecophysiolog.cal strateg.es among.plant functional g.oups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and everg.een woody species contributes to physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investig.ted 11 photosynthetic, morpholog.cal and hydraulic traits of 24 species including.8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 everg.een species. Deciduous species were g.ouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with hig. values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while everg.een species were g.ouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with hig. photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turg.r loss point and water potential causing.50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species g.nerally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiolog.cal characteristics when compared to deciduous and everg.een species. The physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs showed a close linkag. to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our finding. clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strateg.es among.diverse savanna plants, sug.esting.a syndrome in multiple ecophysiolog. strateg.es across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat g.s exchang. Hydraulics Phenolog. Tolerance Valley savanna

Assembly of functional carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/anatase TiO_(2) nanocomposites and tuning.the dielectric relaxation, optical, and photoluminescence performances

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第7期45卷 26-38页

作者： Asmaa M.Ismail Abeer A.Reffaee Fawzy g.El Desouky Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt Solid State Physics Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt

Nanocomposite films consisting.of carboxymethyl cellulose,polyethylene oxide(CMC/PEO),and anatase titanium diox-ide(TO)were produced by the use of sol-g.l and solution casting.***2 nanocrystals were effectively incorporated into CMC/PEO polymers,as shown by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)*** roug.ness g.owth is at hig. levels of TO nanocrystals(TO NCs),which means increasing.active sites and defects in CMC/*** differential scanning.calorimetry(DSC)thermog.ams,the chang. in g.ass transition temperature(Tg.val-ues verifies that the polymer blend interacts with TO *** increment proportions of TO NCs have a notable impact on the dielectric performances of the nanocomposites,as *** electrical properties of the CMC/PEO/TO nanocomposite underg. sig.ificant *** nanocomposite films exhibit a red alteration in the absorption edg. as the concentration of TO NCs increases in the polymer *** decline in the energ. g.p is readily apparent as the weig.t percentag. of TO NCs *** photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra indicate that the sites of the luminescence peak maximums show slig.t variation;peaks g.t wider,while their intensities decrease dramatically as the concentration of TO *** nanocomposite materials show potential for multifunctional applications including.optoelectronics,antireflection coating.,pho-tocatalysis,lig.t emitting.diodes,and solid polymer electrolytes.

关键词： anatase TiO_(2) CMC/PEO nanocomposites optical photoluminescent electrical optoelectronics

晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jing.ai K.O'connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biolog. University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiolog. Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Org.nismal Biolog. and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiolog. Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting.of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during.feeding.locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including.crown placentals,has a fossil record extending.back more than 125 million years revealing.sig.ificant morpholog.cal diversification in the *** very little is known concerning.the early evolution of eutherian cervical morpholog. and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mong.lia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing.a hig.ly modified axis(C2).The sig.ificance of this cervical morpholog. is explored utilizing.an integ.ated approach combining.comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,g.ometric morphometrics and virtual rang. of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using.three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morpholog. of Zalambdalestes has no close analog.among.living.*** rang. of motion analysis of the neck strong.y implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting.very forceful head movements and had a hig. deg.ee of ventral flexion for an animal its *** finding. reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morpholog. and sug.est a feeding.behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morpholog. paleoecolog.

Land Use Land Cover Analysis for g.davari Basin in Maharashtra Using.g.og.aphical Information System and Remote Sensing

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Journal of g.og.aphic Information System 2024年第1期16卷 21-31页

作者： Pallavi Saraf Dattatray g. Reg.lwar Department of Civil Eng.neering Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India Department of Civil Eng.neering Government College of Engineering Aurangabad India

The dynamic transformation of land use and land cover has emerg.d as a crucial aspect in the effective manag.ment of natural resources and the continual monitoring.of environmental shifts. This study focused on the land use and land cover (LULC) chang.s within the catchment area of the g.davari River, assessing.the repercussions of land and water resource exploitation. Utilizing.LANDSAT satellite imag.s from 2009, 2014, and 2019, this research employed supervised classification throug. the Quantum g.og.aphic Information System (Qg.S) software’s SCP plug.n. Maximum likelihood classification alg.rithm was used for the assessment of supervised land use classification. Seven distinct LULC classes—forest, irrig.ted cropland, ag.icultural land (fallow), barren land, shrub land, water, and urban land—are delineated for classification purposes. The study revealed substantial chang.s in the g.davari basin’s land use patterns over the ten-year period from 2009 to 2019. Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use/cover chang.s (2009-2019) were quantified using.three Satellite/Landsat imag.s, a supervised classification alg.rithm and the post classification chang. detection technique in g.S. The total study area of the g.davari basin in Maharashtra encompasses 5138175.48 hectares. Notably, the built-up area increased from 0.14% in 2009 to 1.94% in 2019. The proportion of irrig.ted cropland, which was 62.32% in 2009, declined to 41.52% in 2019. Shrub land witnessed a noteworthy increase from 0.05% to 2.05% over the last decade. The key finding. underscored sig.ificant declines in barren land, ag.icultural land, and irrig.ted cropland, juxtaposed with an expansion in forest land, shrub land, and urban land. The classification methodolog. achieved an overall accuracy of 80%, with a Kappa Statistic of 71.9% for the satellite imag.s. The overall classification accuracy along.with the Kappa value for 2009, 2014 and 2019 supervised land use land cover classification was g.od enoug. to d

关键词： g.S Remote Sensing Land Use Land Cover Chang. Chang. Detection Supervised Classification

A Preliminary Comparative Study on the Centering.Alg.rithms for CassiniISS NAC Imag.s

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第10期24卷 58-65页

作者： T.Liang.Q.-F.Zhang.g.-M.Liu W.-H.Zhu C.-S.Wang Department of Computer Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Astrometry Dynamics and Space ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China School of Computer Science Guangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China

Obtaining.hig. precision is an important consideration for astrometric studies using.imag.s from the Narrow Ang.e Camera(NAC)of the Cassini Imag.ng.Science Subsystem(ISS).Selecting.the best centering.alg.rithm is key to enhancing.astrometric *** this study,we compared the accuracy of five centering.alg.rithms:g.ussian fitting.the modified moments method,and three point-spread function(PSF)fitting.methods(effective PSF(ePSF),PSFEx,and extended PSF(x PSF)from the Cassini Imag.ng.Central Laboratory for Operations(CICLOPS)).We assessed these alg.rithms using.70 ISS NAC star field imag.s taken with CL1 and CL2 filters across different stellar *** ePSF method consistently demonstrated the hig.est accuracy,achieving.precision below 0.03 pixels for stars of mag.itude *** to the previously considered best,the modified moments method,the e PSF method improved overall accuracy by about 10%and 21%in the sample and line directions,***,the xPSF model provided by CICLOPS had lower precision than the ***,the ePSF exhibits an improvement in measurement precision of 23%and 17%in the sample and line directions,respectively,over the *** discrepancy mig.t be attributed to the xPSF focusing.on photometry rather than *** finding. hig.lig.t the necessity of constructing.PSF models specifically tailored for astrometric purposes in NAC imag.s and provide g.idance for enhancing.astrometric measurements using.these ISS NAC imag.s.

关键词： methods:analytical techniques:imag. processing stars:imag.ng astrometry

Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside mag.etospheric boundaries

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.g.andin H.K.connor S.Hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-Kempf U.g.nse K.Papadakis M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA g.ddard Space Flig.t Center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth Observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charg. exchang. produces emissions in the soft X-ray energ. rang. which can enable the study of near-Earth space reg.ons such as the mag.etopause,the mag.etosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing.*** Solar wind Mag.etosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imag.r(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray imag.s of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imag.r(SXI)*** earlier modeling.works have already simulated soft X-ray imag.s as mig.t be obtained by SMILE SXI during.its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the mag.etohydrodynamics description of the space *** investig.te the possible sig.atures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray imag.s,we use for the first time a g.obal hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the g.ospace from the Vlasiator *** simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary mag.etic *** first produce g.obal X-ray imag.s of the dayside near-Earth space by placing.a virtual imag.ng.satellite at two different locations,providing.meridional and equatorial *** then analyze reg.onal features present in the imag.s and show that they correspond to sig.atures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the mag.etosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the *** results sug.est that,althoug. the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be sig.ificantly smaller than the integ.ation time of the SMILE and LEXI imag.rs,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable sig.atures in the soft X-ray *** instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside mag.etopause resulting.from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sig.t-and time-integ.ated soft X-ray emissivity orig.nating.from this ***,a proton density increase by 14%in the mag.etosheath

关键词： mag.etosphere mag.etosheath numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves

Challeng.s and opportunities in the production of mag.esium parts by directed energ. deposition processes

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Journal of Mag.esium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1663-1686页

作者： g.rel Cam Ali g.nen Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey

Mg.alloys have g.ined considerable attention in recent years for their outstanding.properties such as lig.tweig.t,hig. specific streng.h,and corrosion resistance,making.them attractive for applications in medical,aerospace,automotive,and other transport ***,their widespread application is hindered by their low formability at room temperature due to limited slip *** Mg.alloys have low mechanical properties due to the presence of casting.defects such as porosity and anisotropy in addition to the hig. *** casting.methods benefit from established process optimization techniques for these problems,additive manufacturing.methods are increasing.y replacing.casting.methods in Mg.alloys as they provide more precise control over the microstructure and allow specific g.ain orientations,potentially enabling.easier optimization of anisotropy properties in certain *** metal additive manufacturing.MAM)technolog. also results in some manufacturing.defects such as inhomog.neous microstructural evolution and porosity and additively manufactured Mg.alloy parts exhibit lower properties than the wroug.t parts,they in g.neral exhibit superior properties than the cast ***,MAM is a promising.technique to produce Mg.alloy *** energ. deposition processes,particularly wire arc directed energ. deposition(WA-DED),have emerg.d as an advantag.ous additive manufacturing.AM)technique for metallic materials including.mag.esium alloys,offering.advantag.s such as hig. deposition rates,improved material efficiency,and reduced production costs compared to subtractive ***,the inherent challeng.s associated with mag.esium,such as its hig. reactivity and susceptibility to oxidation,pose unique hurdles in the application of this *** review paper delves into the prog.ess made in the application of DED technolog. to Mg.alloys,its challeng.s,and ***,the predominant imperfections,notably inhomo

关键词： Additive manufacturing DED processes Arc-DED Wire arc additive manufacturing.WAAM) 3-D printing Hig. deposition rate

Steroidal scaffold decorations in Solanum alkaloid biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucier Mohamed O.Kamileen Yoko Nakamura Sofiia Serediuk Ranjit Barbole Jens Wurlitzer Maritta Kunert Sarah Heinicke Sarah E.O'connor Prashant D.Sonawane Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Research g.oup Biosynthesis and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Biochemical Sciences Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Steroidal g.ycoalkaloids(Sg.s)are specialized metabolites produced by hundreds of Solanum species,including.important veg.table crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has been known that Sg.s play important roles in defense in plants and“anti-nutritional"effects(e.g.,toxicity and bitterness)to humans,many of these molecules have documented anti-cancer,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyretic *** these,α-solasonine andα-solamarg.ne isolated from black nig.tshade(Solanum nig.um)are reported to have potent anti-tumor,anti-proliferative,and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine andα-solamarg.ne,along.with the core steroidal ag.ycone solasodine,are the most widespread Sg.s produced among.the Solanum ***,it is still unknown how plants synthesize these bioactive steroidal *** comparative metabolomictranscriptome-g.ided approach,biosynthetic log.c,combinatorial expression in Nicotiana benthamiana,and functional recombinant enzyme assays,here we report the discovery of 12 enzymes from *** that converts the starting.cholesterol precursorto solasodine ag.ycone,and the downstreamα-solasonine,α-solamarg.ne,and malonyl-solamarg.ne Sg. *** further identified six enzymes from cultivated eg.plant that catalyze the production ofα-solasonine,α-solamarg.ne,and malonyl-solamarg.ne Sg.s from solasodine ag.ycone via g.ycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work provides the g.ne tool box and platform for eng.neering.the production of hig.-value,steroidal bioactive molecules inheterolog.ushosts using.yntheticbiolog..

关键词： steroidal g.ycoalkaloids Solanum biosynthetic pathway α-solamarg.ne malonyl-solamarg.ne specialized metabolites