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Mechanistic links between gut microbial community dynamics, microbial functions and metabolic health

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16498-16517页

作者： connie wy ha Yan Y Lam Andrew J Holmes School of Molecular Bio-science and Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Gut microbes comprise a high density, biologically active community that lies at the interface of an animal with its nutritional environment. Consequently their activity profoundly influences many aspects of the physiology and metabolism of the host animal. A range of microbial structural components and metabolites directly interact with host intestinal cells and tissues to influence nutrient uptake and epithelial health. Endocrine, neuronal and lymphoid cells in the gut also integrate signals from these microbial factors to influence systemic responses. Dysregulation of these host-microbe interactions is now recognised as a major risk factor in the development of metabolic dysfunction. This is a two-way process and understanding the factors that tip host-microbiome homeostasis over to dysbiosis requires greater appreciation of the host feedbacks that contribute to regulation of microbial community composition. To date, numerous studies have employed taxonomic profiling approaches to explore the links between microbial composition and host outcomes(especially obesity and its comorbidities), but inconsistent host-microbe associations have been reported. Available data indicates multiple factors have contributed to discrepancies between studies. These include the high level of functional redundancy in host-microbiome interactions combined with individual variation in microbiome composition; differences in study design, diet composition and host system between studies; and inherent limitations to the resolution of r RNA-based community profiling. Accounting for these factors allows for recognition of the common microbial and host factors driving community composition and development of dysbiosis on high fat diets. New therapeutic intervention options are now emerging.

关键词： Microbiome Dysbiosis High fat diet Bile Intestinal mucosa Microbe-associated molecular patterns Short chain fatty acids Immunomodulation Enteroendocrine cells

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Assessing phylogenetic relationships of Lycium samples using RAPD and entropy theory

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第10期26卷 1217-1224页

作者： Ricky NS WONG Amber wy ha Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China

Aim: To evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among related species of Lycium samples. Methods: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting and lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis techniques were used to analyze the characteristics of Lycium species. Seven species and 3 varieties of Lycium were studied. Based on RAPD fingerprint data obtained from 11 primers, we proposed a new index, called dispersivity, using entropy theory and projection methods to depict the diversity of the DNA fingerprints. Results: Using the proposed dispersivity, primers were sorted and the dendrograms of the 7 species and 3 varieties of Lycium were constructed synthetically by merging primer information. Conclusion:Phylogenetic relationships among Lycium samples were constructed synthetically based on RAPD fingerprint data generated from 11 primers.

关键词： DNA fingerprinting RAPD technique lab-on-a-chip entropy UPGMA

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