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Mechanistic links between gut microbial community dynamics, microbial functions and metabolic health

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16498-16517页

作者： connie Wy Ha yan y Lam Andrew J Holmes School of Molecular Bio-science and Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Gut microbes comprise a high density, biologically active community that lies at the interface of an animal with its nutritional environment. Consequently their activity profoundly influences many aspects of the physiolo.y.and metabolism of the host animal. A range of microbial structural components and metabolites directly interact with host intestinal cells and tissues to influence nutrient uptake and epithelial health. Endocrine, neuronal and lymphoid cells in the gut also integrate signals from these microbial factors to influence systemic responses. Dysregulation of these host-microbe interactions is now recognised as a major risk factor in the development of metabolic dysfunction. This is a two-way process and understanding the factors that tip host-microbiome homeostasis over to dysbiosis requires greater appreciation of the host feedbacks that contribute to regulation of microbial community composition. To date, numerous studies have employed taxonomic profiling approaches to explore the links between microbial composition and host outcomes(especially obesity and its comorbidities), but inconsistent host-microbe associations have been reported. Available data indicates multiple factors have contributed to discrepancies between studies. These include the high level of functional redundancy in host-microbiome interactions combined with individual variation in microbiome composition; differences in study design, diet composition and host system between studies; and inherent limitations to the resolution of r RNA-based community profiling. Accounting for these factors allows for recognition of the common microbial and host factors driving community composition and development of dysbiosis on high fat diets. New therapeutic intervention options are now emerging.

关键词： Microbiome Dysbiosis High fat diet Bile Intestinal mucosa Microbe-associated molecular patterns Short chain fatty acids Immunomodulation Enteroendocrine cells

Computational design of structured chemical products

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第5期15卷 1033-1049页

作者： Faheem Mushtaq Xiang Zhang Ka y.fung Ka M.Ng Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

In chemical product design,the aim is to formulate a product with desired *** and internal product structure are two key drivers of product performance with direct impact on the mechanical,electrical,and thermal ***,there is a keen interest in elucidating the dependence of product performance on ingredients,structure,and the manufacturing process to form the *** of product structure,particularly microstructure,is an intrinsically complex problem that involves different phases of different physicochemical properties,mass fraction,morpholo.y.size distribution,and ***,computational methods have emerged that assist systematic microstructure quantification and *** objective of this paper is to review these computational methods and to show how these methods as well as other developments in product design can work seamlessly in a proposed performance,ingredients,structure,and manufacturing process framework for the design of structured chemical *** begins with the desired target properties and key *** is followed by computation for microstructure and then selection of processing steps to realize this *** framework is illustrated with the design of nanodielectric and die attach adhesive products.

关键词： product design performance ingredients structure manufacturing process framework structured chemical products microstructure design

Robotic resection for posterosuperior liver lesions: is it really superior to laparoscopic resection?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 264-266页

作者： Andrew K.y.fung Kit-Fai Lee Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Recovery after traditional open liver resection is greatly hindered by a big upper abdominal *** is especially true when the scale of parenchymal liver resection is relatively small,such as wedge resection or left lateral *** such scenarios,the access trauma outweighs the surgical *** the other hand,when the surgical trauma is large,such as major hepatecto.y.or extended liver resection,the surgical trauma rather than the access trauma determines the postoperative ***,minimal access surgery or minimally invasive surgery has come up as a fantastic way to minimize the access trauma and help to speed up recovery and shorten hospital stay(1).

关键词： trauma liver lesions

Assessing the impact of air pollution sources in Hong Kong, a densely populated city

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1993年第1期5卷 1-15页

作者： Feng yingsheng (y. S. fung) Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong Dept. of Chemistry Hong Kong Univ. Hong Kong.

As the simple dispersion model tested is not sufficiently accurate to predict the So2 concentration in complex terrain commonly encountered amongst high rise buildings in Hong Kong, and the lack of comprehensive local wind data at most sites prevents the use of more advanced dispersion model to assess the impact of major air pollutant sources, a receptor model approach is adopted for the apportionment of air pollution sources in Hong Kong. The preliminary results obtained are presented and discussed.

关键词： enviromental impact assessment dispersion model receptor model.

optimal appointment scheduling with no-shows and exponential service time considering overtime work

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Journal of Management Analytics 2014年第2期1卷 99-129页

作者： Jiafu Tang Chongjun yan Richard y.K.fung College of Management Science and Engineering Dongbei University of Finance and Economics(DUFE)ShahekouDalian116025China Department of Systems Engineering&Engineering Management City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Appointment systems are used by health clinics to manage access to service *** such systems,a specified number of patients are scheduled in advance,but certain patients may not arrive or‘show up’to their *** existence of no-show behaviour influences both the operational cost of the clinics and the waiting time of the *** this paper,we determine an optimal schedule that takes no-show behaviour into account to determine the time intervals between patients under the framework of the individual-block/variableinterval rule for minimising the overall cost of the patient waiting time,the practitioner idle time and *** the condition that the service time of each patient is exponentially distributed,we compare the results with a schedule designed for the same expected number of patients in the absence of no-shows and analyse the effect on the system performance from the perspectives of day-length,expected workload,no-show probability,ratio of overtime costs and no-golf *** extend our results to an equally-spaced appointment system,which is commonly used in *** results show that not only do no-shows greatly affect the system performance compared with an appointment system with the same expected workload without no-shows,but they also affect the optimal scheduling behaviours in the dome-shaped *** addition,overtime cannot be eliminated completely even if the day length is adequate for all patients because of the stochastic characteristic of service time.

关键词： oR in health services appointment scheduling no-show queuing

Liver transplantation in patients with incidental hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma： a single-center experience

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 264-270页

作者： Mohammed Elshamy Naftali Presser Abdulrahman y Hammad Daniel J Firl Christopher Coppa John fung Federico N Aucejo Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA

BACKGRoUND： Reports of fiver transplantation （LT） in patients with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma （HCC/CC） and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） are modest and have been mostly retrospective after pathological categorization in the setting of presumed HCC. Some studies suggest that patients undergoing LT with small and unifocal ICC or mixed HCC/CC can achieve about 40%-60% 5-year post-transplant survival. The study aimed to report our experience in patients undergoing LT with explant patholo.y.revealing HCC/CC and ICC. METHoDS： From a prospectively maintained database, we performed cohort analysis. We identified 13 patients who underwent LT with explant patholo.y.revealing HCC/CC or ICC. RESULTS： The observed recurrence rate post-LT was 31% （4/13） and overall survival was 85%, 51%, and 51% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Disease-free survival was 68%, 51%, and 41% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. In our cohort, four patients would have qualified for exception points based on updated HCC organ Procurement and Transplantation Network imaging guidelines. CoNCLUSIoNS： Lesions which lack complete imaging characteristics of HCC may warrant pre-LT biopsy to fully elucidate their patholo.y. Identified patients with early HCC/CC or ICC may benefit from LT if unresectable. Additionally, incorporating adjunctive perioperative therapies such as in the case of patients undergoing LT with hilar cholangiocarcinoma may improve outcomes but this warrants further investigation.

关键词： mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/ cholangiocarcinoma liver transplantation survival outcomes

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资金限制下新创企业质量投资策略

系统工程理论与实践 2019年第6期39卷 1373-1384页

作者：夏兵郭菊娥 Richard y.K.fung 西安交通大学管理学院西安710049 Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

对于资金不足发展受限的新创企业,谋求长远发展还是节约现金流以避免破产是投资产品质量权衡的重要依据.本文基于新创企业在每阶段末需要达到一定的利润额以维持生存,提出了基于利润追求和生存追求双目标情景下的两阶段动态质量投资模型... 详细信息

对于资金不足发展受限的新创企业,谋求长远发展还是节约现金流以避免破产是投资产品质量权衡的重要依据.本文基于新创企业在每阶段末需要达到一定的利润额以维持生存,提出了基于利润追求和生存追求双目标情景下的两阶段动态质量投资模型.在考虑到消费者对产品质量偏好的不确定性、市场波动以及生存阈值等因素的影响下,本文基于模型逻辑推理论证不同运营目标下,新创企业通过协调定价和质量投资来应对破产风险的策略.发现在充分考虑质量偏好不确定性和市场波动的完全不确定环境下,利润追求型新创企业会同时提高(降低)相对于确定环境中的质量投资和产品价格,从而平衡短期生存压力和长期利润.质量偏好期望值和方差的增加将激励利润追求型新创企业提高质量投资;生存追求型新创企业将始终保持定价策略与质量投资正相关,从而控制长期的运营风险.质量偏好期望值达到一定程度或者质量偏好方差持续增加的话,生存追求型新创企业都会降低质量投资.此外,随着生存阈值的增加,利润追求型新创企业会持续降低质量投资;而生存追求型新创企业会先增加投资,后减少.最后,结合其他相关结果,本文给出了资金限制下新创企业的质量投资策略建议.

关键词：新创企业质量投资破产风险利润追求生存追求

Downscaling and Disaggregating NAo-conflict Nexus in Pre-industrial Europe

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第5期26卷 609-622页

作者： Harry fung LEE ZHANG David Dian PEI Qing FEI Jie Department of Geography and the International Centre of China Development Studies University of Hong Kong School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Centre for Historical Geographical Studies Fudan University

Recently, the desiccation effect of the North Atlantic oscillation(NAo) is found to be positively correlated with violent conflict in pre-industrial Europe, with agricultural shrinkage and its subsequent economic shocks to be their causal link. However, it remains unexplored whether the correlation persists if the study period is extended backward in time, a different definition of violent conflict is applied, or the relationship is examined at lower geographic levels. In this study, we based on 835 internal disturbance incidents in Europe during 1049–1800 to conduct long-temporal and multi-scalar examination on the NAo-conflict nexus. ′Time-series′ and ′panel data′ disaggregation approaches, together with Granger Causality, Multiple Regression, and Survival Analyses were applied to verify the nexus quantitatively. Results show that the positive NAo-conflict correlation was significant at the continent and physiographic zone levels. During the positive NAo phases, the annual probability of internal disturbance outbreak increased by 70.0% in the southern Europe and the Mediterranean, a zone most affected by the NAo-induced desiccation effect. yet, the NAo-conflict correlation was rather inconsistent when it was downscaled to the sub-regional level. Moreover, the NAo-conflict correlation was inflated under the time-series approach, while the panel data approach demonstrated the region-specific nature of the NAo forcing more clearly. The associated implications in examining climate-conflict nexus are discussed. our findings may be crucial in examining violent conflict in the northwestern Africa, a highly agricultural region affected by the NAo.

关键词： climate change North Atlantic oscillation (NAo) violent conflict internal disturbance Europe

Development and experience in the monitoring,assessment and control of environmentalpollutants in Hong Kong

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1991年第2期3卷 1-10页

作者： Feng yingsheng(y.S.fung)Deparnent of Chemistry,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong

The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and control of environmental pollutants in Hong Kong are summarized and areas of difficulties are illustrated.

关键词： monitoring of pollutants assessment of pollutants control of pollutants small scale industries urban pollution.