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Stochastic modeling,analysis,and simulation of the COVID-19 pandemic with explicit behavioral changes in Bogota:Acase study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第1期7卷 199-211页

作者： David Nino-Torres Andres Ríos-Gutierrez Viswanathan Arunachalam comfort Ohajunwa Padmanabhan Seshaiyer Department of Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia George Mason University FairfaxVAUSA

In this paper,a stochastic epidemiological model is presented as an extension of a compartmental SEIR model with random perturbations to analyze the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Bogota D.C.,*** model incorporates thespread of COVID-19 impacted by social behaviors in the population and allows for projecting the number of infected,recovered,and deceased individuals considering the mitigation measures,namely confinement and partial relaxed ***,the role of randomness using the concept of Brownian motion is emphasized to explain the behavior of the *** experiments for the stochastic model with random perturbations were performed,and the model is validated through numerical simulations for actual data from Bogota D.C.

关键词： Epidemic spread SARS-CoV-2 Compartmental modeling Stochastic perturbations Parameter estimation

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy with minor additions of Sm, Si and Ca elements

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China Foundry 2019年第5期16卷 319-325页

作者： Redeemina comfort Bonnah Yu Fu Hai Hao Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology

The effects of Sm, Si and Ca on the microstructure and mechanical property of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing. The results indicated that the addition of 1.5 wt.% Sm with or without 0.8 Si/Ca led to a decrease in the volume fraction of the β-Mg17Al12 phase and the formation of the intermetallic compounds of Al-Sm, Mg2Si, MgAlCa and Al2Ca. The microstructure of AZ91 alloy was significantly refined and distribution became discrete with additions of Sm and Ca;the average grain size of the α-Mg matrix was reduced from 239.7 ± 16.9 μm to 66.34 ± 5.10 μm. The AZ91-Sm-Ca alloy exhibited a good combination of yield strength at 135 MPa, ultimate tensile strength at 199 MPa and elongation at 4.32%, which was ascribed to grain refinement strengthening. Furthermore, the T6 treated AZ91-Sm-Ca alloy possessed yield strength of 154 MPa and elongation of 7.1%, which was due to grain refinement strengthening and reduction in discontinuous precipitates.

关键词： AZ91 Sm Ca/Si grain refinement mechanical properties

Exploring the Implications of Patient Advocacy Outcomes among Practicing Nurses within the Hospital Context: A Qualitative Research

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Open Journal of Nursing 2023年第12期13卷 855-874页

作者： comfort Nsiah Paul Kukye-Ayiri Ninnoni Mate Siakwa Francis Nsiah School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Cape Coast Central Region Ghana School of Physical Sciences University of Cape Coast Central Region Ghana

Background: Nurses are expected by their international code of ethics to advocate for patients to enhance safety and quality care. However, there is a limited understanding regarding the implications of specific patient advocacy outcomes experienced by nurses who advocate for patients in the hospital context. Purpose: This study explored the implications of patient advocacy outcomes experienced among practicing nurses in the hospital context. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study design was utilized. Data was collected through purposive sampling and an in-depth semi-structured interview of 25 Registered Nurses in an acute care hospital. An inductive qualitative content analysis method was used, and the SRQR guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were followed. Results: This study revealed that nurses who succeeded in advocating for patients experienced feelings of happiness, increased confidence levels, increased work output, and job satisfaction. However, nurses who failed to succeed in advocating for patients experienced physical, emotional, and psychological consequences, which contributed negatively to the quality of patient care. Therapeutic communication and nurses’ commitment to intervene for patients emerged as vital qualities and skills required to succeed in the patient advocacy process. Conclusions: This study showed that patient advocacy has advantages. However, when nurses fail to succeed in their attempt to advocate for patients in clinical practice, the outcomes can negatively affect their own well-being and the quality of patient care delivery. These study results could promote awareness and help nurses to develop strategies for improving patient advocacy activities based on their experiences. Additionally, nurses can seek help, including psychological counseling, when necessary to enhance their optimal well-being as they care for their patients. Nursing educational institutions and hospital managers can support, train, and equip nurses wit

关键词： Implications Patient Advocacy Nurses Advocacy Outcomes Qualitative Research

Comparison of Ultrasound Blood Flow Characteristics of the Lower Limb in Diabetics with Early-Stage Peripheral Artery Disease and Non-Diabetic Controls

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第2期13卷 178-195页

作者： Josephine Sekai Tityiwe Newton-Hughes Anne Azangwe Godfrey comfort Paul Radiography Department National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo Zimbabwe School of Health and Society University of Salford Greater Manchester UK

The aim of this study was to compare lower limb blood flow in asymptomatic diabetic patients with early-stage peripheral artery disease (PAD) and non-diabetic controls using duplex ultrasound parameters. This was a comparative cohort study of lower limb blood flow in 35 Black-African diabetic patients (25 females and 10 males with early-stage PAD median age 54 [IQR, 47 - 61] years;median HbA1c 6.3 [IQR, 5.7 - 8.0]%;BMI 29.2 ± 6.7;ABI 1.1 ± 0.1) and 36 non-diabetic controls (28 females and 8 males;median age 54 [IQR, 47 - 61] years;median HbA1c 6.3 [IQR, 5.7 - 8.0] %, BMI 29.2 ± 6.7;ABI 1.1 ± 0.1). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI), were utilised to compare blood flow in the popliteal arteries (PA), anterior tibial arteries (ATA) and posterior tibial arteries (PTA) in addition to ankle brachial index. All the ultrasound parameters showed good (ICC ≥ 0.7;0.50 - 0.85, 95% CI) to excellent (ICC = 1.0;1.0 - 1.0, 95% CI) reliability within groups as well as acceptable variability () other than pulsatility index of the anterior tibial artery within diabetic patients (11.1% CV). PSV, RI and PI were significantly and meaningfully higher (P;d ≥ 0.33), in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic controls except for PI - PTA (P = 0.72;d = 0.11). Differences in PSV and RI highlighted the effects of early-stage PAD on lower limb blood flow of diabetic patients. In contrast, the effects of early-stage PAD on blood flow were not demonstrated in the PTA and ATA of diabetic patients by PI.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Peak Systolic Velocity Pulsatility Index Resistive Index

Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with or without Morphine in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery. A Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第3期13卷 58-74页

作者： Alexis Dun Bo-ib Buunaaim comfort Adubia Fidelis Bayor Sylvanus Kampo Department of Surgery School of Medicine and Health Science University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medicine and Health Science University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Lower limb orthopaedic surgeries are commonly associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Adequate pain relief is essential for patients undergoing such procedures, as uncontrolled pain can lead to delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization, and increased morbidity. Intrathecal administration of bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic, has been shown to provide effective analgesia after lower limb orthopaedic surgery. However, the duration of analgesia with bupivacaine alone is limited, and the addition of an opioid, such as morphine, can prolong the duration of analgesia. Objective: The objective of this study was to document the comparative effect of adding morphine to intrathecal bupivacaine or only intrathecal bupivacaine for lower limb trauma orthopedic surgeries in terms of onset of action, duration of analgesia, pain severity, and side effects. Methods: This was a comparative longitudinal study design conducted at the Orthopaedic Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 60 patients. A standard structured questionnaire was also used to collect data on the socio-demographics, and clinical features of patients, drug used,side effects and severity of pain at 24,48 and 72 hrs after surgery. Results: Co-administration of intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine produced good and long-lasting postoperative analgesia with a mean time of 1004.25 ± 310.43 minutes, whiles using only bupivacaine produced shorter postoperative analgesia with a mean time of 294.75 ± 195.53 minutes. The p-value p values of p = 0.635 and p = 0.689 respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that co-administration of intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine emerged as a better option for postoperative pain management after lower limb orthopedic surgeries as compared to administering only bupivacaine regarding the duration of analgesia. Milder side effects like pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were seen in group B than in

关键词： Bupivacaine Morphine Pain Analgesia Orthopedic Surgery

Three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第12期30卷 195-205页

作者： comfort Sekga Mhlambululi Mafu Department of Physics and Astronomy Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyP/Bag 16PalapyeBotswana

We present a three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol which can be implemented without any alignment of reference frames between the sender and the *** protocol exploits entangled states to establish a secret key among three communicating *** derive the asymptotic key rate for the proposed protocol against collective attacks and perform a finite-size key security analysis against general attacks in the presence of statistical *** investigate the impact of reference frame misalignment on the stability of our protocol,and we obtain a transmission distance of 180 km,200 km,and 230 km for rotation of reference framesβ=π/6,β=π/8 andβ=0,***,our results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is not heavily affected by an increase in misalignment of reference frames as the achievable transmission distances are still comparable to the case where there is no misalignment in reference frames(whenβ=0).We also simulate the performance of our protocol for a fixed number of *** results demonstrate that the protocol can achieve an effective key generation rate over a transmission distance of about 120 km with realistic 107 finite data signals and approximately achieve 195 km with 109 ***,our proposed protocol is robust against noise in the quantum channel and achieves a threshold error rate of 22.7%.

关键词： three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution finite-size key security

Findings from a Windshield Survey Conducted in an Internally Displaced Community in Nigeria

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Health 2019年第1期11卷 50-56页

作者： Oluremilekun comfort Kusimo Walden University Minneapolis USA

Introduction: Civil unrest in the north-eastern part of Nigeria has led to displacement of populations and this has resulted in many negative health implications for the displaced persons. Internally displaced persons (IDP) often have poorer health outcomes than the general population due to limited access to health services and other basic amenities. Globally, Nigeria is among the countries with huge health inequalities resulting from unequal access to health services. This contextual issue is reflected in the living conditions of internally displaced populations in the country. A windshield survey was conducted in one of such IDP camps located in Kuchingoro, a central location in the federal capital territory of Nigeria, to describe the living conditions of the occupants and the implication for health outcomes. Objective: This article highlights the health issues faced by the internally displaced persons living in Kuchingoro, Abuja. This population was chosen because of the large size of the IDP camp and its strategic location in the federal capital territory of Nigeria. Conclusion: People living in the IDP camp of Kuchingoro are exposed to myriads of health issues as a result of poor access to clean water, hygiene facilities, foods with nutritional value and health services. The poor sanitary conditions of the camp often result in cholera outbreaks and other health issues. Women, the elderly and the very young are the most vulnerable to poor health outcomes as identified by the survey. Efforts should be made to improve the daily living conditions of the dwellers of the Kuchingoro IDP camp with particular emphasis on water, sanitation and hygiene and the provision of accessible and good quality health services. Government should also ensure the creation of employment opportunities towards empowering the occupants to improve their quality of life.

关键词： IDP Kuchingoro Sanitation Health Outcomes

Detection, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Clostridium sporogens in Nono: A Nigerian Traditionally Fermented Yoghurt Drink

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 91-100页

作者： Nofisat Olaide Oyedokun Gbadebo Barnabas Olukotun Uchenna Iman Igwegbe Binta Buba Adamu Roseline Rumi Ideh Olaitan comfort Shekoni Amin Oderaa Igwegbe Department of Food and Industrial Biotechnology National Biotechnology Development Agency Musa Yar’adua Express Way Abuja Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Science (CFAES) The Ohio State University Colombos USA Department of Food Science and Technology University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

Nono is a traditionally fermented milk drink commonly consumed in the Northern parts of Nigeria. It is produced through the spontaneous fermentation of raw cow milk by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), a process that could result to the contamination of the product with such pathogenic organisms as Clostridia spp. The aim of this research was therefore to determine the incidence of Clostridia species in thirty-two (32) ready-to-drink nono samples collected directly from a number of Fulani vendors in randomly selected locations within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. Isolated organisms were further subjected to some morphological and biochemical characterizations using standard microbiological procedures. The results obtained indicate that fourteen (14) isolates were putatively identified to be Clostridium sp., out of which five (5) isolates were confirmed to be Clostridium sporogens by a BLAST analysis of their respective 16SrRNA nucleotide sequence. It was concluded that, the detection of these pathogenic strains in frequently consumed product like nono could pose a public health risk and proactive measures to prevent an outbreak of food borne illness from nono consumption, were recommended.

关键词： Fermentation Nono Clostridium sporogens Pathogenic Food Borne Illness

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