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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOr Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham r.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America rodentia sensory evolution

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Enhancing the clinical relevance of haemorrhage prediction models in trauma

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military medical research 2024年第3期11卷 467-468页

作者： Sankalp Tandle Jared m.Wohlgemut max E.r.marsden Erhan Pisirir Evangelia Kyrimi rebecca S.Stoner William marsh Zane B.Perkins Nigel r.m.Tai Centre for Trauma Sciences Blizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUK The royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS TrustLondon E11FRUK Academic Department of military Surgery and Trauma Research and Clinical InnovationThe Royal Centre for Defence MedicineBirmingham B152WBUK Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK

We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(mL)in the management of trau... 详细信息

关键词： Trauma Injury Blood transfusion massive transfusion Prediction Artificial intelligence machine learning

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Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： S.madhu H.C.manjunatha N.Sowmya B.m.rajesh L.Seenappa r.S.Susheela Department of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Department of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)Cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior *** estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 meV for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 meV for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm,95.6 fb at 240 meV for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 meV for ^(53)Cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections Compound nucleus formation probability Survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

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Sol-gel derived B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bioactive glasses with hemostatic,antibacterial and pro-angiogenic activities

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regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 108-118页

作者： Kai Zheng Faina Bider mahshid monavari Zhiyan Xu Christina Janko Christoph Alexiou Ana m.Beltran Aldo r.Boccaccini Jiangsu Province Engineering research Center of Stomatological Translational medicine College of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Institute of Biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Oto-rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine(SEON)Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung ProfessorshipUniversitaetsklinikum Erlangen91058 ErlangenGermany Departamento de Ingenier�ıa y Ciencia de los materiales y del Transporte Escuela Politecnica

Sol-gel borate bioactive glasses(BGs)are promising ion-releasing biomaterials for wound healing ***,we report the synthesis of a series of binary B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BGs(CaO ranging from 50 to 90mol%)using a sol-gel-based *** influence of CaO content in B_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate BG on morphology,structure and ion release behavior was investigated in *** dissolution(ion release)and crystallization could be observed in borate BGs when CaO content increased,while the morphology was not significantly altered by increasing CaO *** results evidenced that the ion release behavior of borate BGs could be tailored by tuning the B_(2)O_(3)/CaO molar *** also evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity,hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities of borate *** was validated for all borate ***,borate BGs exhibited composition-dependent hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic ***,higher contents of Ca in borate BGs facilitated hemostatic activity,while higher contents of B_(2)O_(3) were beneficial for pro-angiogenic *** synthesized sol-gel-derived borate BGs are promising materials for developing advanced wound healing dressings,given their fast ion release behavior and favorable hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.

关键词： borate glasses sol-gel processing glass composition wound healing

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multidimensional images and aberrations in STEm

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Eric r.Hoglund Andrew r.Lupini Center for Nanophase materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEm)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEm imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEm) aberrations

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First-principles calculations to investigate structural,electronic,magnetic,optical and thermodynamic properties of rE_(2)rh_(3)Ge(rE=Pr,Sm)

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Journal of rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： A.Ezaier r.masrour m.Hamedoun J.Kharbach A.rezzouk A.Hourmatallah N.Benzakour K.Bouslykhane Laboratory of Solid Physics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equipe de Physique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In this paper,we analyzed the physical characteristics of the ternary alloys rE_(2)rh_(3)Ge(rE=Pr and Sm)using the first principles calculation based on functional density theory integrated in the Wien2k *** calculated formation energies of Pr_(2)rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)rh_(3)Ge are−5.3827 and−5.2782 eV/atom,respectively,showing that these alloys may exist *** results of the band structure and density of states indicate that all of the compounds tested are magnetic metals,and their magnetism is mostly related to the contribution of Pr and Sm *** total magnetic moments of Pr_(2)rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)rh_(3)Ge are 4.07245 and 11.16161μB/f.u,*** parameters such as heat capacity at constant pressure,entropy,Debye temperature,lattice volume,compressibility coefficients,and Grüneisen parameter alloys were calculated using the Gibbs algorithm and studied in depth over a large temperature range of 0-900 *** Debye temperature increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing ***,the Debye temperatures calculated at p=0 GPa and T=300 K are equal to be 342 and 322 K for Pr_(2)rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)rh_(3)Ge,*** optical characteristics such as the real and imaginary portions of the dielectric function,the absorption coefficient,the energy-loss function,and the refractive index were investigated and discussed in more depth.

关键词： magnetic metals Functional density theory Density of states magnetic moment Optical and thermodynamic properties rare earths

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Astrophysical S-factor and reaction rate for 15N(p,γ)16O within the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： S.B.Dubovichenko A.S.Tkachenko r.Ya.Kezerashvili N.A.Burkova B.m.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan New York City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Graduate School and University Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Farabi Kazakh National University 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

We study radiative p^(15)N capture on the ground state of ^(16)O at stellar energies within the framework of a modified potential cluster model(mPCm)with forbidden states,including low-lying *** investigation of the ^(15)N(p,γ0)^(16)O reaction includes the consideration of ^(3)S_(1) resonances due to E1 transitions and the contribution of the ^(3)P_(1) scattering wave in the p+^(15)N channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)m1 *** calculated the astrophysical low-energy S-factor,and the extrapolated S(0)turned out to be within 34.7−40.4 keV·*** important role of the asymptotic constant(AC)for the ^(15)N(p,γ0)16O process with interfering ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances is elucidated.A comparison of our calculation for the S-factor with existing experimental and theoretical data is addressed,and a reasonable agreement is *** reaction rate is calculated and compared with the existing *** has negligible dependence on the variation of AC but shows a strong impact of the interference of ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances in reference to the CNO Gamow windows,especially at low *** estimate the contribution of cascade transitions to the reaction rate based on the exclusive experimental data from ***.C.85,065810(2012).The reaction rate enhancement due to the cascade transitions is observed from T_(9)>0.3 and reaches the maximum factor~1.3 at T_(9)=*** present the Gamow energy window and a comparison of rates for radiative proton capture reactions ^(12)N(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)N(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)N(p,γ)^(16)O obtained in the framework of the mPCm and provide the temperature windows,prevalence,and significance of each process.

关键词： low and astrophysical energies p^(15)N system thermonuclear reaction rate potential cluster model CNO-cycle

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Optimizing building retrofit through data analytics:A study of multi-objective optimization and surrogate models derived from energy performance certificates

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 889-899页

作者： G.r.Araújo ricardo Gomes Paulo Ferrão m.Glória Gomes IN+ DEMTécnico LisboaUniversidade de lisboaAv Rovisco PaisLisboa1049-001Portugal CErIS DECivilTécnico LisboaUniversidade de LisboaAv Rovisco PaisLisboa1049-001Portugal

The building stock is responsible for a large share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions,therefore,it is critical to promote building retrofit to achieve the proposed carbon and energy neutrality *** of the policies implemented in recent years was the Energy Performance Certificate(EPC)policy,which proposes building stock benchmarking to identify buildings that require ***,research shows that these mechanisms fail to engage stakeholders in the retrofit process because it is widely seen as a mandatory and complex *** study makes use of an EPC database to integrate machine learning techniques with multi-objective optimization and develop an interface capable of(1)predicting a building’s,or household’s,energy needs;and(2)providing the user with optimum retrofit solutions,costs,and return on *** goal is to provide an open-source,easy-to-use interface that guides the user in the building retrofit *** energy and EPC prediction models show a coefficient of determination(r2)of 0.84 and 0.79,and the optimization results for one case study EPC with a 2000€budget limit inÉvora,Portugal,show decreases of up to 60%in energy needs and return on investments of up to 7 in 3 years.

关键词： Building energy performance Building optimization multi-Objective surrogate models Building retrofitting

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Twinning aspects and their efficient roles in wrought mg alloys:A comprehensive review

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2201-2230页

作者： S.S.A.Shah manping Liu Azim Khan Farooq Ahmad m.r.Abdullah Xingquan Zhang Shiwei Xu Zhen Peng School of materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of mechanical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMáanshan 243002China College of mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Twinning is widely recognized as an effective and cost-efficient method for controlling the microstructure and properties of wrought magnesium(mg)***,twins play a crucial role in initiating dynamic recrystallization(DrX),while twin regions experience rapid recrystallization during static recrystallization(SrX).The activation of twinning can lead to changes in lattice orientation,significantly impacting the final texture in mg *** active roles of twinning are influenced by various factors during the activation process,and the mobility of twin boundaries(TB)can be amplified by stress effects,dislocation interactions,and thermal ***,annealing treatments that involve proper segregation or precipitation on TBs serve to stabilize them,restraining their *** such as segregation may also alter the twinning propensity in magnesium-rare earth(mg-rE)***{10–11}contraction twins(CT)and{10–11}-{10–12}double twins(DT)can promote dynamic recrystallization(DrX),they also pose a risk as potential sources of voids and ***,understanding the nucleation and growth mechanisms of twinning is crucial,and these aspects are briefly reviewed in this *** the factors mentioned above,this article summarizes the recent research progress in this field,shedding light on advancements in recent eras.

关键词： mg alloys Twinning recrystallization Texture mechanical properties

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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.X.Wang X.L.Zhu S.m.Weng P.Li X.F.Li H.Ai H.r.Pan Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China research Center of Laser Fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-Ir)to terahertz(THz)range is of interest for applications in a number of fields,from fundamental research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-Ir or THz ***,we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-Ir or THz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength Ir and THz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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