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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第8期2卷 53-62页

作者： Aoife A. Gowen Yutaro Tsuchisaka colm o’donnell Roumiana Tsenkova 不详

This research investigates the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the detection and quantification of pesticides in aqueous solution. Standard solutions of Alachlor and Atrazine (ranging in concentration from 1.25 - 100 ppm) were prepared by dilution in a Methanol/water solvent (1:1 methanol/water (v/v)). Near infrared transmission spectra were obtained in the wavelength region 400 - 2500 nm;however, the wavelength regions below 1300 nm and above 1900 nm were omitted in subsequent analysis due to the poor signal repeatability in these regions. Partial least squares analysis was applied for discrimination between pesticide and solvent and for prediction of pesticide concentration. Limits of detection of 12.6 ppm for Alachlor and 46.4 ppm for Atrazine were obtained.

关键词： Pesticide Aquaphotomics Nearinfrared

Role of Helicobacter pylori in functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2677-2680页

作者： colm o'Morain Consultant Gastroen-terologist Trinity College Dublin Adelaide and Meath Hospital TallaghtDublin 24Ireland

The aetiology of dyspepsia is unknown in the majority of patients. Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） is the cause in a subset of patients. A non invasive test to assess the presence of H pylori is recommended in the management of patients under the age of 50 presenting to a family practitioner with dyspepsia. A urea breath test or a stool antigen test are the most reliable non invasive tests. Eradication of H pylori will reduce the risk to the patient with dyspepsia of developing a peptic ulcer, reduce the complication rate if prescribed nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and later reduce the risk of gastric cancer. The recommended treatment for non ulcer dyspepsia associated with a H pylon infection should be a 10-d course of treatment with a PPI and two antibiotics. Treatment efficacy should be assessed four weeks after completing treatment with a urea breath test or a stool antigen test.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Helicobacter pylori Triple therapy Urea breath test

Colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6747-6750页

作者： Ramona M McLoughlin colm A o'Morain Department of Gas-troenterology Adelaide & Meath Hospital and Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Colorectal cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. There is clear-cut evidence that screening will reduce colorectal cancer mortality and the only contentious issue is which screening tool to use. Most evidence points towards screening with fecal occult blood testing. The immunochemical fecal occult blood tests have a higher sensitivity than the guaiac-based tests. Zn addition, their automation and haemoglobin quantification allows a threshold for colonoscopy to be selected that can be accommodated within individual health care systems.

关键词： Screening Colorectal cancer Fecal occult blood testing Colonoscopy

Current applications of machine learning in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 149-162页

作者： Patrick Murtagh Garrett Greene colm o'Brien Department of ophthalmology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalEccles StreetDublin D07 R2WYIreland RCSI Education and Research Centre Beaumont HospitalDublin D05 AT88Ireland

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of two well described machine learning modalities, ocular coherence tomography(oCT) and fundal photography, in terms of diagnostic accuracy in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma. METHoDS: A systematic search of Embase and Pub Med databases was undertaken up to 1 st of February 2019. Articles were identified alongside their reference lists and relevant studies were aggregated. A Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy in terms of area under the receiver operating curve(AURoC) was performed. For the studies which did not report an AURoC, reported sensitivity and specificity values were combined to create a summary RoC curve which was included in the ***: A total of 23 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the Meta-analysis. This included 10 papers from the oCT cohort and 13 from the fundal photos cohort. Random effects Meta-analysis gave a pooled AURoC of 0.957(95%CI=0.917 to 0.997) for fundal photos and 0.923(95%CI=0.889 to 0.957) for the oCT cohort. The slightly higher accuracy of fundal photos methods is likely attributable to the much larger database of images used to train the models(59 788 vs 1743). CoNCLUSIoN: No demonstrable difference is shown between the diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities. The ease of access and lower cost associated with fundal photo acquisition make that the more appealing option in terms of screening on a global scale, however further studies need to be undertaken, owing largely to the poor study quality associated with the fundal photography cohort.

关键词： machine learning glaucoma ocular coherence tomography fundal photography diagnosis Meta-analysis

Concept of chemoprevention in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2009年第1期1卷 21-25页

作者： colm o'Morain Asghar Qasim Dean of Health Sciences Gastroenterologist Adelaide and Meath Hospital

Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the *** incidence of colorectal cancer is nearly four-fold higher in more-developed as compared with less-developed regions of the *** present an early detection of colorectal cancer remains a crucial step in determining the therapeutic *** programmes have been introduced in an effort to detect colorectal cancer at an early stage or at a precancerous colonic polyp *** programmes should be used by the health professionals as an opportunity to educate the public regarding the use of chemoprevention in colorectal cancer,which is the main focus of this review and an attractive concept needing further evaluation.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Chemoprevention Geographical variations Dietary carcinogens

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in times of increasing antibiotic resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9912-9921页

作者： Sinéad M Smith colm o’Morain Deirdre McNamara Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity CentreAdelaide and Meath Hospital School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Department of Gastroenterology Adelaide and Meath Hospital

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori(***)causes chronic gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue *** is recommended in all symptomatic *** current treatment options for *** infection are outlined in this review in light of the recent challenges in eradication success,largely due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of *** resistance is a constantly evolving process and numerous studies have shown that the prevalence of *** antibiotic resistance varies significantly from country to country,and even between regions within the same *** addition,recent data has shown that previous antibiotic use is associated with harbouring antibiotic resistant *** surveillance of antibiotic resistance is warranted to guide clinicians in their choice of *** resistance is assessed by *** culture and antimicrobial susceptibility *** developed molecular tests offer an attractive alternative to culture and allow for the rapid molecular genetic identification of *** and resistance-associated mutations directly from biopsy samples or bacterial culture *** evidence indicates that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by susceptibility testing is feasible and necessary to inform clinicians in their choice of therapy for management of *** infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Polymerase chain reaction Molecular test

An overview of thyroid eye disease

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 55-58页

作者： colm McAlinden College of Medicine Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK

Thyroid eye disease(also known as Graves’ophthalmopathy)is a complex orbital inflammatory disease,which can be sight threatening,debilitating and *** overview discusses the epidemiology,risk factors,pathogenesis,pres... 详细信息

关键词： Thyroid eye disease Graves’disease Graves’ophthalmopathy Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Euthyroidism

Can bacterial virulence factors predict antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第9期24卷 971-981页

作者： Denise E Brennan Colin Dowd colm o'Morain Deirdre McNamara Sinéad M Smith Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin

AIM To evaluate the association between virulence factor status and antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-infected patients in Ireland. METHoDS DNA was extracted from antral and corpus biopsies obtained from 165 H. pylori-infected patients. Genotyping for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone-mediating mutations was performed using the Genotype Helico DR assay. cag A and vac A genotypes were investigated using PCR. RESULTS Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for clarithromycin were 50.5%(n = 53/105), 78.3%(n = 47/60) and 60.6%(n = 100/165), respectively. Primary, secondary and overall resistance rates for fluoroquinolones were 15.2%(n = 16/105) and 28.3%(n = 17/60) and 20%(n = 33/165), respectively. Resistance to both antibiotics was 12.4%(n = 13/105) in treatment-na?ve patients, 25%(n = 15/60) in those previously treated and 17%(n = 28/165) overall. A cag A-positive genotype was detected in 22.4%(n = 37/165) of patient samples. The dominant vac A genotype was S1/M2 at 44.8%(n = 74/165), followed by S2/M2 at 26.7%(n = 44/165), S1/M1 at 23.6%(n = 39/165) and S2/M1 at 4.8%(n = 8/165). Primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower in cag A-positive strains than in cag A-negative strains [32%(n = 8/25) vs 56.3%(n = 45/80); P = 0.03]. Similarly, in patients infected with more virulent H. pylori strains bearing the vac A s1 genotype, primary clarithromycin resistance was significantly lower than in those infected with less virulent strains bearing the vac A s2 genotype, [41%(n = 32/78) vs 77.8%(n = 21/27); P = 0.0001]. No statistically significant association was found between primary fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence factor *** Genotypic H. pylori clarithromycin resistance is high and cag A-negative strains are dominant in our population. Less virulent(cag A-negative and vac A S2-containing) strains of H. pylori are associated with primary clarithromycin resistance.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Fluoroquinolone Clarithromycin Virulence factor VacA CagA

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 1-62页

作者： Mark J. Armstrong colm o'Dwyer William J. Macklin Justin. D. Holmes Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Applied Nanoscience Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Nexeon Limited Abingdon Oxfordshire UK.

The performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li＋ ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li＋ diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions. In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures （both anode and cathode）, as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

关键词： lithium ion batteries nanostructuring anodes cathodes

Prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1147-1154页

作者： Byron Philip Vaughn Alan colm Moss Division of Gastroenter-ology Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston MA 02115 United States

Endoscopic and clinical recurrence of Crohn’s disease (CD) is a common occurrence after surgical resection. Smokers, those with perforating disease, and those with myenteric plexitis are all at higher risk of recurrence. A number of medical therapies have been shown to reduce this risk in clinical trials. Metronidazole, thiopurines and anti-tumour necrosis factors (TNFs) are all effective in reducing the risk of endoscopic or clinical recurrence of CD. Since these are preventative agents, the benefits of prophylaxis need to be weighed-against the risk of adverse events from, and costs of, therapy. Patients who are high risk for post-operative recurrence should be considered for early medical prophylaxis with an anti-TNF. Patients who have few to no risk factors are likely best served by a three-month course of antibiotics followed by tailored therapy based on endoscopy at one year. Clinical recurrence rates are variable, and methods to stratify patients into high and low risk populations combined with prophylaxis tailored to endoscopic recurrence would be an effective strategy in treating these patients.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’ s disease, Postoperative recurrence, Medical treatment, Biologics