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Integration of community health workers into health systems in developing countries:Opportunities and challenges

Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第1期4卷 37-45页

作者： collins otieno asweto Mohamed Ali Alzain Sebastian Andrea Rachel Alexander Wei Wang School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina School of Health Sciences Great Lakes University of KisumuKenya Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology BeijingChina Community Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of DongolaSudan Systems and Intervention Research Centre for Health School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWAAustralia

Background:Developing countries have the potential to reach vulnerable and underserved populations marginalized by the country’s health care systems by way of community health work-ers(CHWs).It is imperative that health care systems focus on improving access to quality continu-ous primary care through the use of CHWs while paying attention to the factors that impact on CHWs and their ***:To explore the possible opportunities and challenges of integrating CHWs into the health care systems of developing ***:Six databases were examined for quantitative,qualitative,and mixed-methods stud-ies that included the integration of CHWs,their motivation and supervision,and CHW policy making and implementation in developing ***-three studies met the inclusion criteria and were double read to extract data relevant to the context of CHW *** coding was conducted and evidence on the main categories of contextual factors influencing integration of CHWs into the health system was ***:CHWs are an effective and appropriate element of a health care team and can assist in addressing health disparities and social determinants of *** facilitators of integration of CHWs into health care teams are support from other health workers and inclusion of CHWs in case management *** integration of CHWs into the health care system requires the formulation and implementation of polices that support their work,as well as financial and nonfinancial incentives,motivation,collaborative and supportive supervision,and a manageable ***:For sustainable integration of CHWs into health care systems,high-performing health systems with sound governance,adequate financing,well-organized service delivery,and adequate supplies and equipment are ***,competent communities could contrib-ute to better CHW performance through sound governance of community resources,promotion of inclus

关键词： Community health workers health care systems and policy supportive supervi-sion developing countries

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The Malaysian health care system:Ecology,plans,and reforms

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第3期4卷 19-29页

作者： Andrea Sebastian Mohamed Ali Alzain collins otieno asweto Gehendra Mahara Xiuhua Guo Manshu Song Youxin Wang Wei Wang School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology BeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology BeijingChina School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWAAustralia Community Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of DongolaSudan

Malaysia is on its way to achieving developed nation status in the next 4 ***,Malaysia is on track for three Millennium Development Goals(MDG1,MDG4,and MDG7).The maternal mortality rate,infant mortality rate,and mortality rate of children younger than 5 years improved from 25.6%(2012)to 6.6%(2013),and 7.7%(2012)per 100,000 live births,respectively whereas immunization coverage for infants increased to an average of 90%.As of 2013 the ratio of physicians to patients improved to 1:633 while the ratio of health facilities to the population was 1:10,*** current government administration has proposed a reform in the form of the 10th Malaysian Plan coining the term“One Care for One Malaysia”as the newly improved and reorganized health care plan,where efficiency,effectiveness,and equity are the main *** review illustrates Malaysia’s transition from pre-independence to the current state,and its health and socioeconomic achievement as a *** aims to contribute knowledge through identifying the plans and reforms by the Malaysian government while highlighting the challenges faced as a nation.

关键词： Health care health care reform One Care Malaysia

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