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Spatial analysis of synergies and trade-offs between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa

Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 220-231页

作者： Adams Osman Emmanuel Abeashi mensah collins adjei mensah Yaw Asamoah Suleman Dauda Kofi Adu-Boahen Charles Atanga Adongo Department of Geography Education Faculty of Social Sciences EducationUniversity of EducationWinnebaP.O.Box 25WinnebaGhana Department of Geography and Regional Planning Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPrivate Mail BagCape CoastGhana Schools of Tourism and Hospitality University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 524Auckland Park 2006South Africa Emperiks Research Limited Cape Coast Stadium AvenueCape CoastGhana

Challenges faced by African countries in achieving the goals of sustainable development are similar and trans-boundary. Previous analysis of Africa’s progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has largely beennon-spatial, reducing the ability to find spatial relationships between countries and SDGs to help cooperationand proffer country-specific interventions. This study adopted techniques of exploratory and inferential spatialstatistics to assess the successes of African countries from 2016 to 2020 in achieving the goals of sustainable de-velopment. Also, the study sought to understand how the spatial synergies and trade-offs between SDGs vary percountry and time. The results revealed that spatial hotspots of countries with high SDGs scores were mostly con-fined to northern African countries with significant coldspots within central and eastern Africa and few patchesin western and southern Africa for 2016. In 2020, the number of countries forming hotspots reduced, with Cen-tral African countries as significant cold spots. Five main spatial relationships: positive linear, negative linear,concave, convex and undefined complex, were found among countries and the SDGs. However, these spatialrelationships were fluid as they changed over time and with different levels of influence from 2016 to *** study concludes that generic solutions and policies by development agencies, governments, developmentfinance instiutions and other impact investors will not be enough in achieving the SDGs because of the spatialheterogeneity of the continent. Tailored and country-specific policies based on results of spatial statistics matter.

关键词： Africa Development Sustainable development Spatial analysis Hotspots Random forest

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Acute hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerance of two improved strains of nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 238-249页

作者： Kwasi Adu Obirikorang Richard Appiah-Kubi Daniel adjei-Boateng Wonder Sekey collins Prah Duodu Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management University Post OfficeKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyPrivate Mail BagKumasiGhana Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of GhanaAccraGhana

Tilapia production in Ghana has been hit with episodes of stress and pathogen-induced mass fish kills which have anecdotally been linked to the culture of illegally imported Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia(GIFT)strains of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis *** study was thus set up to comprehensively assess the stress tolerance of the GIFT strain and a native strain of Nile tilapia(the Akosombo strain)following exposures to hyperthermic and hypoxic *** a series of experiments,oxygen consumption(MO_(2)),aquatic surface respiration(ASR),thermal limits and hypoxia tolerance were *** effects of these stressors on haematological parameters were also *** GIFT strain was less tolerant of hypoxia and performed ASR at higher O_(2) levels than the Akosombo *** progressive hypoxia,the GIFT strain exhibited higher gill ventilations frequencies(fV)than the Akosombo *** thermal tolerance trial indicated that the Akosombo strain of *** has higher thermotolerance than the GIFT strain and this was reflective in the higher LT_(50)(45.1℃)and LT_(max)(48℃),compared to LT_(50) and LTmax of 41.5℃ and 46℃ *** results imply that it is crucial to consider how the GIFT strain performs under various environmental conditions and changes during ***,raising the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia in earthen ponds rich in phytoplankton and subject to protracted episodes of extreme hypoxia may have a detrimental physiological impact on its growth and welfare.

关键词： Aquaculture Aquatic hypoxia Environmental stressors Oxygen Temperature

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Processing techniques of selected oilseed by-products of potential use in animal feed: Effects on proximate nutrient composition, amino acid profile and antinutrients

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 442-451页

作者： collins P.Duodu Daniel adjei-Boateng Regina E.Edziyie Nelson W.Agbo Godfred Owusu-Boateng Bodil K.Larsen Peter V.Skov Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyPMB University Post Office Section for Aquaculture DTU Aqua Technical University of Denmark

The effects of processing by autoclaving(AC), soaking(SK), short-term fermentation(S-TF, 4 d) and longterm fermentation(L-TF, 14 d) on the nutritional composition, amino acid profile and some antinutrients were determined for cottonseed meal(CSM), groundnut meal(GNM) and groundnut husk(GH) in this study. After processing, crude protein content improved by 11% after L-TF, and crude lipid content 25%after SK for CSM; crude protein content improved by 27% after S-TF and L-TF, and crude lipid content 13%after SK for GNM. Soaking and fermentation were shown to significantly increase essential amino acid contents by 44%(SK, methionine) in CSM and 46% in GNM(L-TF, histidine). Phosphorus content was reduced by 59% in CSM and 57% in GNM by L-TF. All processing techniques, with the exception of AC,reduced phytic acid and gossypol contents in CSM and GNM. It was concluded that SK and fermentation were simple, cost-effective, and efficient ways to improve the nutritional value of the selected oilseed byproducts.

关键词： Amino acid Autoclaving Fermentation Proximate composition Soaking

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Teamwork and Physician Burnout: The Moderating Role of Perceived Organisational Support

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Health 2021年第4期13卷 416-438页

作者： Samuel Atingabili Wenxin Wang Isaac adjei mensah Evelyn Agba Tackie Isaac Ahakwa Prince Owusu Sarkodie School of Management Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China Department of Public Administration Law School/Institute of Local Government Development Shantou University Shantou China Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IASA) School of Mathematics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

Burnout is an important issue which has attracted the attention of physicians and health practitioners. Several studies have reported the negative effect of physician burnout and the adverse effect it has on the individual and health institutions. This study therefore examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between teamwork and physician burnout in the Chinese context. Using a survey data consisting of a sample of physicians from hospitals within the Jiangsu Province of China, we estimated three models in a hierarchical framework and identified that in the presence of respondent’s demographic characteristics as control variables, perceived organizational support, play a very vital role in improving teamwork while reducing burnout among physicians.

关键词： Burnout Perceived Organizational Support Teamwork Hierarchical Regression Analysis

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Occurrence of Salmonella Enteric Serovar Typhi Antibodies among Blood Donors in Ghana

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第3期11卷 182-195页

作者： Akua Obeng Forson Seth Adu-adjei Michael Olu-Taiwo Benjamin Tetteh mensah Alexander Martin-Odoom Department of Medical Laboratory Science School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Background: Donated blood contaminated with S. Typhi can cause post-transfusion sepsis. This study aimed to determine the correlation between some risk factors of typhoid fever and seroprevalence of antibodies against S. Typhi among blood donors. Methodology: Following informed consent, socio-demographic and information on risk factors of typhoid infection was obtained using pre-structured questionnaires from 400 apparently healthy blood donors at the Tema General Hospital. Blood was also collected for serology and cultured for identification of pathogens by standard bacteriological method. Results: Blood culture did not reveal any S. Typhi isolate out of the tested 400 (348 males and 52 females) samples from apparently healthy blood donors. However, IgM and IgG antibody seroprevalence of 9.3% and 3.5% were detected. Age group of 17 - 24 years was the highest risk group, persons with a history of typhoid infection, and sources of drinking water were major risk factors for typhoid infection. It was also observed that prevalence of IgM was highest among new donors (62.2%), but lower in donors with a history of 1 to 3 blood donations (32.4%) and least among regular donors (>3 donations (5.4%)). In addition, typhoid prevention awareness and typhoid knowledge (knowledge about typhoid transmission) among the donors were poor (4.3% and 5.9% respectively). Conclusions: This study has shown an overall seroprevalence of 9% and 3.5% for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively among blood donors in the Tema area in Ghana. We advocate for the mandatory screening of donor units intended for transfusion for S. Typhi. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for the health education of all persons in Ghana on preventive measures and the spread of S. Typhi.

关键词： S. Typhi Blood Donors Seroprevalence Ghana

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Males as Partners in Family Planning Service Uptake in Ghana: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey

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Health 2019年第8期11卷 1043-1054页

作者： Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah Francis adjei Osei Nicholas Karikari mensah Patrick Lebene Adonoo Abdul Ganiu Tanko Phans Oduro Sarpong Department of Sociology and Social Work Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology Kumasi Ghana Ludwig-Maximilians Universitate LMU-Centre for International Health-University of Munich Munchen Germany Public Health Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Government Sun Yat-Sen University of Guangzhou Guangzhou China Department of Planning Kwame Nkrumah University Science Technology Kumasi Ghana Research and Development Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: Family planning is an efficient and effective intervention that results in quick benefits for the whole family socio-economically. Differences exist in the rate of contraceptive use between male and female and male involvement of service uptake in Ghana. The objective of this study was to explore male direct involvement and or support to their partners in family planning service uptake. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey to sample 384 men of reproductive age (18 - 45 year) using cluster sampling to enlist participants from within the Suame Magazine light Industrial area in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Data was analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 16. Results: Men showed very high knowledge (90%) about what constitutes Family Planning, with moderate level of involvement both active and passive involvement (56%) though only a few (38.9%) were presently adopting or using modern contraceptive. The study rather found only 14% (55) males were willing to be solely responsible and actively involved in Family Planning service. Family Planning services did not adequately meet the needs of men with the services centers remaining unavailable in the study area. Conclusion: The extent of male involvement in family planning programmes is marginally above average. Males showed appreciable knowledge of family planning options though misconceptions continued to exist. A more couple-oriented approach to family planning is needed including recruiting males as family planning providers, offering more family planning counseling for couples, and promoting female-oriented methods with men and vice versa.

关键词： Family Planning Information Sharing Attitude Knowledge Contraceptives Utilization Ghana

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First Nationwide Survey on the Resistance to First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第1期6卷 68-80页

作者： Kennedy K. Addo Richard Owusu Christian Bonsu Kwaku Owusu-Darko Samuel O. Addo Gloria I. mensah Mercy J. Newman David Ofori-adjei Frank A. Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Microbiology School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Background/objective: A nationwide survey on the resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs was conducted in Ghana from 2007-2008 by Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. We aimed to characterize mycobacterial species causing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and determine the resistance pattern to first line anti-TB drugs among newly diagnosed and previously treated PTB patients in Ghana. Methods: Two sputum samples from consented new smear positive PTB patients who had never been treated for TB or had been on anti-TB treatment for less than a month and patients who had been treated for TB previously for more than a month in selected diagnostic centres nationwide were collected for culture, identification and drug susceptibility test. Culture positive isolates were tested against streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and ethambutol (E) using the simplified proportion method and line probe assay (LPA). The LPA was performed in mid-2017. Results: Among 410 samples, 345 positive cultures were obtained and identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Of the 345 isolates, 133 were further differentiated by GenoType MTBC®as M. tuberculosis, 126 (94.7%) and M. africanum 7 (5.3%). The overall drug resistance patterns were as follows: 43/345 (12.5%), 6/345 (1.7%), 9/345 (2.6%) and 71/345 (20.6%) were resistant to H, R, E and S respectively and 5/345 (1.4%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusion: The results indicate high levels of resistance to S and H among new and previously treated TB patients. We recommend adequate surveillance systems including periodic national anti-TB drug resistance surveys.

关键词： Tuberculosis National Survey Drug Resistance Ghana

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Impact of Economic Growth,Energy Use and Population Growth on Carbon Emissions in Sub-Sahara Africa

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2018年第5期7卷 178-192页

作者： Max William Ssali Jianguo Du Duncan Omenda Duncan Omenda Hongo Isaac adjei mensah School of Management Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China School of Statistics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 PR China Faculty of Science Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P R of China

The study examines the impact of economic growth,energy use and population growth on carbon emissions in sub Saharan Africa:Kenya,Nigeria,Botswana,Benin,Togo and Mauritius for the period *** study employed unit root test,co-integration test,VECM(Vector Error Correction Model)and FMOLS(Fully Modified Ordinary Least-Square)as methodologies to model the causality and linear relationships amongst the *** VECM was used to identify the long-run causality and asymptotic convergence among the *** results reveal that an increase in energy use and population growth by1%would cause an increase in CO2(Carbon Dioxide)concentration by0.08%and0.22%correspondingly,whereas in the long-run1%increase of energy use increases economic output by0.09%.As the economy grows without contributing to carbon emissions,governments should invest more in renewable *** should also come up with policies to regulate population growth and fossil energy use.

关键词： Carbon emissions economic growth energy use population growth

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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei Kweku Akuoko David Agyemang collins Ahorlu Maxwell Alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza Samuel Kweku Dadzie Jurg Utzinger Daniel adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

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