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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak Matthew b.Myers colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre Management State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373K） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada Kyle b.Kosik Ryan S.McCann colin Drinkard Phillip A.Gribble College of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High School Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control

Protein-based profiling of the human IgA1 clonal repertoire revealed shared clones of serum polymeric IgA1 and milk secretory IgA1

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第3期20卷 305-307页

作者： Jan Novak Matthew b.Renfrow R.Glenn King colin Reily Todd J.Green Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Human adaptive immunity involves the production and secretion of antibodies by differentiated b cells(ie.,antibody-secreting cells,also called plasma cells)in response to *** secreted antigen-specific antibodies are immunoglobulins that are present at substantial concentrations in blood,mucosal secretions,and breast ***,human immunoglobulins consist of two identical heavy(H)chains and two identical light(L)chains that are connected by disulfide bridges to form a homodimer of heterodimers(ie.,H+Ll2).Each heterodimer consists of one H chain linked with one L chain,whereas the homodimer is formed by linking two H chains *** genes for both the L and H chains are encoded by ligated gene segments that are genetically rearranged during V(D)J recombination,a process that endows each b cell with a unique receptor,giving rise to the enormous diversity of the b-cell antigen receptor repertoire.

关键词： IgA1 immunity chains

Swimming behavior of juvenile silver carp near the separation zone of a channel confluence

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 122-127页

作者： Saiyu Yuan Lei Xu Hongwu Tang Yang Xiao colin Whittaker State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Auckland

Knowledge of locomotion of fish near river confluences is important for prediction of fish distribution in a river *** flow separation zone near the confluence of a river network is a favorite habitat and feeding place for silver carp,which is one of the four major species of Chinese carp and usually provides positive rheotaxis to water *** the current study,a series of laboratory experiments were done to determine the behavioral responses of juvenile silver carp to the hydrodynamic forces near the separation zone of a channel *** locomotion and trajectory of juvenile silver carp were recorded by infrared thermal imaging,while the flow velocity field near the separation zone was measured by a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system.A total of 60 juvenile silver carp were released near the separation zone among which 40 carp swam in the upstream *** them,24 carp swam to the tributary and the remaining 16 swam into the main *** all these 24 carp travelled initially along the boundary of the separation zone near the corner,where flow shear was strongest,and then swam to the *** of avoiding zones of strong vorticity,they chose and followed a trajectory along which the flow vorticity was *** encountering these vortical flows,they increased the tailbeat frequency and decreased the tail-beat amplitude to maintain body *** observations provide important knowledge on locomotion of fish near river confluences and are beneficial for the fish habitat protection.

关键词： Channel confluence Flow separation Juvenile silver carp Fish locomotion

Near-bed hydrodynamics associated with the entrainment of coarse particles at different protrusion heights

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第6期34卷 1067-1080页

作者： Yushu Xie bruce W.Melville Asaad Y.Shamseldin colin N.Whittaker Yifan Yang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand School of Engineering The University of WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand

This paper presents an investigation of near-bed hydrodynamics for a protruding coarse particle over a regular roughened *** laboratory experiments were undertaken at the threshold flow condition,which induced dislodgement of the protruding *** different protrusion heights,the experimental results show that the protruding particle substantially changed the spatial distributions of time-averaged velocities,turbulent kinetic energy,and Reynolds shear stress when compared with those obtained from a flat rough *** spatial distribution pattern of the flow characteristics shows a reasonable degree of similarity at different protrusion heights examined in this *** the target particle,a zone of low Reynolds shear stress was *** analysis was conducted along the main flow direction,at an elevation close to the top of the target particle.A prevalence of sweep(Quadrant 4)and outwards interaction(Quadrant 1)events were associated with the dislodgement of the protruding *** findings imply that the drag force related to strong streamwise velocities may play a more significant role in protruding particle entrainment than the shear stress.

关键词： Entrainment particle protrusion flow structure shear stress quadrant analysis

Quasi-static simulations of compact polydisperse particle systems

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 119-126页

作者： colin Thornton School of Civil Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

The Discrete Element Method （DEM） was originally devised by Cundail and Strack （1979）, as a technique to examine the micromechanics of granular media with the anticipation that this would lead to more physically reliable continuum theories to describe the quasi-static deformation of granular material such as sand. However, the methodology models the evolution of a system of particles as a dynamic process. Consequently there have been numerous publications of the application of DEM to an increasingly wider variety of problems in many areas of engineering and science. This paper, however, focuses on the orig- inal motivation for DEM and attempts to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the quasi-static deformation of granular media. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier b.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Discrete Element MethodQuasi-static deformationGranular media

Rail temperature variation under heavy haul operations

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Railway Engineering Science 2022年第2期30卷 148-161页

作者： Chris bosomworth Maksym Spiryagin Sanath Alahakoon colin Cole ben Sneath bruce Makin Centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhampton 4702Australia Australasian Centre for Rail Innovation Canberra 2601Australia ARC Infrastructure Perth 6105Australia

There currently does not exist in industry a reliable method for the detection of rail foot *** their head-based counterparts,foot flaws result in broken rail with potentially catastrophic consequences.A proposed area of research for the detection of these flaws is thermography,a non-contact method of measuring and analysing infrared emissions from an object under *** industry,active excitation thermography is the most common,requiring an excitation *** paper will present a temperature measurement system and a method of transient temperature extraction from the running rails for the effects of a passing train to evaluate heat transfer in the practical rail *** outcomes of these results will provide future direction in the development of a rail heat transfer model and determine if train passage provides enough active excitation for a thermography-based detection technique.

关键词： Rail heat transfer Rail foot flaws Field temperature measurement Transient temperature extraction

Crustal Electrical Structure and Deep Metallogenic Potential in Northern Wuyi Area(South China),based on Magnetotelluric Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第3期96卷 791-805页

作者： LUO Fan Lü Qingtian ZHANG Kun YAN Jiayong colin GFARQUHARSON ZHANG Chong FU Guangming School of Geophysics and Measurement-control Technology' East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China China Deep Exploration Center China Geological Survey&Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNL A1B 3X5Canada

The northern Wuyi area,which is located in the northern Wuyi metallogenic belt,has superior mineralization *** Pingxiang-Guangfeng-Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault(PSF)extends across the whole region regardless of whether or how the PSF relates to the near-surface *** carried out an MT survey in the region and obtained a reliable 2D model of the crustal electrical structure to a depth of 30 *** the resistivity model,we inferred that a continuous high conductivity belt that ranges from the shallow to deep crust is a part of the ***,we estimated the fluid content and pressure gradient to identify the deep sources of fluid as well as its pattern of motion ***,we proposed a model for the deep metallogenic migration processes that combines geological data,fluid content data,pressure gradient data,and the subsurface resistivity *** model analysis showed that the Jiangnan orogenic belt and the Cathaysia block formed the PSF during the process of *** deep fluid migrated upward through the PSF to the shallow ***,we believe that the PSF is an ore-forming fluid migration channel and that it laid the material basis for large-scale mineralization in the shallow crust.

关键词： magnetotellurics crustal electrical structure PSF deep metallogenic background model northern Wuyi area

Eventual Positivity of Hermitian Polynomials and Integral Operators

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2016年第1期37卷 83-94页

作者： colin TAN Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Block S17 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119076.

Quillen proved that if a Hermitian bihomogeneous polynomial is strictly positive on the unit sphere, then repeated multiplication of the standard sesquilinear form to this polynomial eventually results in a sum of Hermitian squares. Catlin-D'Angelo and Varolin deduced this positivstellensatz of Quillen from the eventual positive-definiteness of an associated integral operator. Their arguments involve asymptotic expansions of the bergman kernel. The goal of this article is to give an elementary proof of the positive-definiteness of this integral operator.

关键词：埃尔米特多项式积分算子极性初等证明双线性形式单位球面重复繁殖渐近展开