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Surgical strategies in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第20期21卷 6101-6116页

作者： colin t Baillie Jennifer A Smith Department of Paediatric Surgery Royal Liverpool Childrens Hospital

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) comprises two distinct but related chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions affecting different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease is characterised by a patchy transmural inflammation affecting both small and large bowel segments with several distinct phenotypic presentations. Ulcerative colitis classically presents as mucosal inflammation of the rectosigmoid(distal colitis), variably extending in a contiguous manner more proximally through the colon but not beyond the caecum(pancolitis). this article highlights aspects of the presentation, diagnosis, and management of IBD that have relevance for paediatric practice with particular emphasis on surgical considerations. Since 25% of IBD cases present in childhood or teenage years, the unique considerations and challenges of paediatric management should be widely appreciated. Conversely, we argue that the organizational separation of the paediatric and adult healthcare worlds has often resulted in late adoption of new approaches particularly in paediatric surgical practice.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerativecolitis Crohn's disease Paediatric Surgery

Progress and challenges in CRISPR-mediated therapeutic genome editing for monogenic diseases

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the Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第2期35卷 148-162页

作者： colin t.Konishi Chengzu Long Leon H.Charney Division of Cardiology New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Neurology New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Neuroscience and Physiology New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA

there are an estimated 10000 monogenic diseases affecting tens of millions of individuals *** application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools to treat monogenic diseases is an emerging strategy with the potential to generate personalized treatment approaches for these ***/Cas-based systems are programmable and sequence-specific genome editing tools with the capacity to generate base pair resolution manipulations to DNA or *** complexity of genomic insults resulting in heritable disease requires patientspecific genome editing strategies with consideration of DNA repair pathways,and CRISPR/Cas systems of different types,species,and those with additional enzymatic capacity and/or delivery *** this review we aim to discuss broad and multifaceted therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas gene editing systems including in harnessing of homology directed repair,non-homologous end joining,microhomology-mediated end joining,and base editing to permanently correct diverse monogenic diseases.

关键词： gene editing CRISPR-associated protein 9 CRISPR-Cas system genetic disease medical genetics genetic therapy

Quasi-static simulations of compact polydisperse particle systems

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 119-126页

作者： colin thornton School of Civil Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

the Discrete Element Method （DEM） was originally devised by Cundail and Strack （1979）, as a technique to examine the micromechanics of granular media with the anticipation that this would lead to more physically reliable continuum theories to describe the quasi-static deformation of granular material such as sand. However, the methodology models the evolution of a system of particles as a dynamic process. Consequently there have been numerous publications of the application of DEM to an increasingly wider variety of problems in many areas of engineering and science. this paper, however, focuses on the orig- inal motivation for DEM and attempts to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the quasi-static deformation of granular media. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Discrete Element MethodQuasi-static deformationGranular media

Uncoupling protein 2 in the glial response to stress:implications for neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1197-1200页

作者： Daniel t.Hass colin J.Barnstable Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine

Reactive oxygen species（ROS） are free radicals thought to mediate the neurotoxic effects of several neurodegenerative *** the central nervous system,ROS can also trigger a phenotypic switch in both astrocytes and microglia that further aggravates neurodegeneration,termed reactive *** regulators of ROS,such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2（UCP2） are neuroprotective factors that decrease neuron loss in models of stroke,epilepsy,and ***,it is unclear whether UCP2 acts purely to prevent ROS production,or also to prevent *** this review article,we discuss published evidence supporting the hypothesis that UCP2 is a neuroprotective factor both through its direct effects in decreasing mitochondrial ROS and through its effects in astrocytes and microglia.A major effect of UCP2 activation in glia is a change in the spectrum of secreted cytokines towards a more anti-inflammatory *** are multiple mechanisms that can control the level or activity of UCP2,including a variety of metabolites and micro *** these mechanisms will be key to exploitingthe protective effects of UCP2 in therapies for multiple neurodegenerative conditions.

关键词： neuroprotection astrocytes microglia reactive oxygen species oxidative stress mitochondrial uncoupling proteins cytokines neurodegeneration

Incident prevention tools-incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses

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International Journal of Mining Science and technology 2017年第4期27卷 635-640页

作者： Morrish colin Chartered Safety & Health Practitioner 137 Sea Road Westgate-on-Sea UK

Careful and thorough incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses completed by knowledgeable and competent individuals can significantly reduce workplace incidents. Working parties must act together to make these safety tools effective. to get the staff units to work together in a co-ordinated manner, they must be shown the value of their work in preventing accidents. Examples of actual accidents investigated during the author's 18 years as a mine inspector in Saskatchewan are discussed within the context of pre-job safety analyses. the causes of the accidents are explored with close reference to how pre-job safety analyses could have prevented their occurrence.

关键词： Accident prevention Incident investigations Pre-job safety analysis Directives Working parties Behaviour change whee Actual cases

Pilot plants of membrane technology in industry:Challenges and key learnings

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 305-316页

作者： colin A.Scholes Peter Cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneVIC3010Australia

Membrane technology holds great potential in gas separation applications,especially carbon dioxide capture from industrial *** achieve this potential,the outputs from global research endeavours into membrane technologies must be trialled in industrial processes,which requires membrane-based pilot *** pilot plants are critical to the commercialization of membrane technology,be it as gas separation membranes or membrane gas-solvent contactors,as failure at the pilot plant level may delay the development of the technology for ***,the author reports on his experience of operating membrane-based pilot plants for gas separation and contactor configurations as part of three industrial carbon capture initiatives:the Mulgrave project,H3 project and Vales Point ***,the challenges of developing and operating membrane pilot plants are presented,as well as the key learnings on how to successfully manage membrane pilot plants to achieve desired performance *** purpose is to assist membrane technologists in the carbon capture field to achieve successful outcomes for their technology innovations.

关键词： membrane gas separation membrane contactors carbon capture pilot plants key learnings

Probiotic bacteria change Escherichia coli-induced gene expression in cultured colonocytes:Implications in intestinal pathophysiology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6370-6378页

作者： Pinaki Panigrahi Gheorghe t Braileanu Hegang Chen O colin Stine Departments of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States Genomics Core University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States

AIM: to investigate the change in eukaryotic gene expression profile in Caco-2 cells after infection with strains of Escherichia coli and commensal probiotic bacteria. MEtHODS: A 19 200 gene/expressed sequence tag gene chip was used to examine expression of genes after infection of Caco-2 cells with strains of normal flora E. coli,Lactobacillus plantarum,and a combination of the two. RESULtS: the cDNA microarray revealed up-regulation of 155 and down-regulation of 177 genes by E. coli . L. plantarum up-regulated 45 and down-regulated 36 genes. During mixed infection,27 genes were up-regulated and 59 were down-regulated,with nullification of stimulatory/inhibitory effects on most of the genes. Expression of several new genes was noted in this group. CONCLUSION: the commensal bacterial strains used in this study induced the expression of a large number of genes in colonocyte-like cultured cells and changed the expression of several genes involved in important cellular processes such as regulation of transcription,protein biosynthesis,metabolism,cell adhesion,ubiquitination,and apoptosis. Such changes induced by the presence of probiotic bacteria may shape the physiologic and pathologic responses they trigger in the host.

关键词： Lactobacillus Escherichia coli Gene expression Probiotic cDNA microarray

Systematics of the Artiodactyla of China in the 21st century

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Zoological Research 2016年第3期37卷 119-125页

作者： colin Groves School of Archaeology & Anthropology Australian National University Canberra ACT 2600 Australia. colin.groves@anu.edu.au.

In this paper, I have introduced the concept of the Evolutionary Species, and shown how it affects the taxonomy of the Artiodactyla of China. the ＂traditional＂ taxonomy of the Artiodactyla, which has remained almost unchanged for 100 years, relies on ill-formulated notions of species and subspecies, only slightly modified by the population-thinking of the 1930s. Species are populations （or metapopu- lations） differentiated by the possession of fixed heritable differences from other such populations （or metapopulations）. In the Artiodactyla, there are many more species than ＂traditionally＂ recognised; this is by no means a drawback, as it enables the units of biodiversity to be identified in a testable fashion, and brings the taxonomy of large mammals into line with that long practised for small mammals. Species are likely to differentiate where there are natural gaps in the distribution of a genus, such as mountain blocks （for example in the genus Budorcas） or otherwise dissected habitat （for example in the genus Cervus）. Natural hybridisation between distinct species is not an uncommon phenomenon, again illustrated well in the genus Cervus, where hybridisation between the elaphus and nippon groups occurs today and evidently occurred in the past, as shown by the distribution of mtDNA.

关键词： Artiodactyla taxonomy China Evolu-tionary species Phylogenetic species concept

Eventual Positivity of Hermitian Polynomials and Integral Operators

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2016年第1期37卷 83-94页

作者： colin tAN Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Block S17 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119076.

Quillen proved that if a Hermitian bihomogeneous polynomial is strictly positive on the unit sphere, then repeated multiplication of the standard sesquilinear form to this polynomial eventually results in a sum of Hermitian squares. Catlin-D'Angelo and Varolin deduced this positivstellensatz of Quillen from the eventual positive-definiteness of an associated integral operator. their arguments involve asymptotic expansions of the Bergman kernel. the goal of this article is to give an elementary proof of the positive-definiteness of this integral operator.

关键词： Asymptotics Polynomial Positivity