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Wilt Disease of Tara (Caesalpinia spinoseMolina Kuntz) in Nursery in the Inter Andean Valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1963-1973页

作者： Mario coca Morante Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR) Departamento de Fitotecnia Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias (FCAyP) “Martin Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia

Tara (Caesalpinia spinose Molina Kuntz) is a native plant of the Bolivian Andes. A number of projects have promoted the cultivation of this species over the last 20 years, in efforts to make use of its medicinal, food and industrial properties. However, as tara plantations have grown, so too has the incidence of disease affecting the species, leading to economic losses. The aim of the present work was to identify the causal agent of wilting in tara, and to determine the incidence of the disease in nursery-grown plants. Three experimental plots (R1-R3) were established in plantlet production bedsat the ESFOR nursery in order to assess the incidence of wilting. Plant spacing was 1 × 1 m. At the two leaf stage, samples of diseased and apparently healthy plants were taken to the laboratory for the isolation of pathogens. Both the apparently healthy and diseased plants gave rise to the same kinds of fungal colony on PDA. Microscopic examination revealed microconidia, macroconidia, phialides and chlamydospores suggesting the causal agent to be Fusarium oxysporum. Over the (up to) 84-day period following thinning, the incidence of wilting for 2010 was R1 = 2.56%, R2 = 3.15% and R3 = 2.22% per 14 days, and for 2013 it was R1 = 1.24%, R2 = 2.45% and R3 = 2.13% per 14 days;the apparent infection rates for 2010 were rR1 = 0.0003/day, rR2 = 0.0003/day and rR3 = 0.0003/day, and for 2013 they were rR1 = 0.0003/day, rR2 = 0.0004/day and rR3 = 0.0003/day. These values are characteristic of monocyclic epiphytic fungi such as F. oxysporum.

关键词： Soil Pathogens Monocyclic Epiphytic Fungi Disease Intensity Fusarium oxysporum

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Wild potato species (Solanumsection Petota Solanaceae) in the Tunari National Park, Andean Region of Cochabamba, Bolivia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第2期4卷 28-32页

作者： Mario coca Morante Alejandro coca-Salazar Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia Departamento de Fitotecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia

The Tunari National Park is located in the Tunari Mountain Range, part of the Cochabamba Range in the Bolivian Andes. The Park is home to species of wild potato (Solanum section Petota Solanaceae), but these are now threatened by human activity. The aims of the present study were: 1) to determine the distribution of wild potato species in the Park, and, 2) to determine the size of their populations. Collection routes were established within the Park, and the species present along them recorded in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Their population sizes were determined in 2008. Four wild potato species were identified: S. capsicibaccatum, S. berthaultii, S. brevicaule and S. toralapanum. S. capsicibaccatum was the most abundant and had the most extensive distribution, followed by S. berthaultii;these last two species are likely endemic. The other species, although probably also endemic, were much less widely distributed;some limiting factor(s) would therefore appear to be acting upon them. S. berthaultii showed variations in corolla shape (rotate, pentagonal and semi-stellate) and flower colour (whitish-lilac to blue-lilac). The remaining species showed no apparent intraspecific variation in their morphological characteristics.

关键词： Genetic Erosion Anthropic Activity Biological Diversity

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The Potato Late Blight Caused by Phytophthora infestansMont de Bary as Selection Factor of Phurejas Potatoes (Solanum phurejaJuz et Buk) in Endemic Areas of the Bolivian Andes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 53-58页

作者： Mario coca-Morante Ismael Tolín-Tordoya Departamento de Fitotecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias “Dr. Martin Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia Programa de Asistencia a la Seguridad Alimentaria La Paz Bolivia

Phurejas potatoes (Solanum phureja Juz et Buk) are cultivated in very restricted areas of the Bolivian Andes. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a destructive, endemic disease that affects the survival and cultivation of this crop. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance characteristics of phurejas potato varieties to P. infestans in a traditional area of cultivation. An experimental plot was prepared in the locality of Chojchoni (3200 m) and planted with different phurejas varieties: 1) Chojllu Phureja (Sste);2) Phureja Amarilla (Sphu);3) Polo Phureja (Sphu);4) Phureja Roja (Sphu);5) Phureja Negra (Sphu) and 6) Waych’a Pacena (Sadg), a susceptible control. Severity was assessed according to the criteria of the Centro Internacional dela Papa, determining the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Regression analysis (logN disease severity against time) was performed using the logistic model [ln(y/1 - y)] to determine infection rates. The different varieties showed different levels of resistance. The disease progress curve, the AUDPC and the linear regression results revealed the varieties Chojllu Phureja, Phureja Amarilla and Polo Phureja to likely have larger copy numbers of minor resistance genes against P. infestans than Phureja Roja or Phureja Negra. Late blight caused by P. infestans could cause the long-term loss of some phurejas varieties through farmers selecting others less severely affected by the disease.

关键词： Apparent Infection Rate Genetic Erosion Late Blight

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Control of Leaf Spot Diseases on Ecotypes of Faba Bean (Vicia fabaL.) Produced in the Andean Region of Bolivia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1150-1158页

作者： M. coca-Morante F. Mamani-álvarez Departamento de Fitotecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias Dr. “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) Cochabamba Bolivia 2Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agrícola y Forestal (INIAF) La Paz Bolivia

The basin of Lake Titicaca is a faba bean-producing microregion of Bolivia where the crop is destined for export. The most commonly cultivated ecotypes “Gigante de Copacabana” and “Usnayo” are affected by diseases that can cause production losses. The aims of the present work were to identify the causal agents of leaf spot affecting these ecotypes, to record disease intensity levels, and to estimate their effect on production. In 2004 and 2005, leaflet, stem and pod samples were taken from faba bean plants with leaf spot growing in the Lake Titicaca area, and from plants in an experimental plot established to determine the effect of five different treatments on production and disease intensity: T1 = Control;T2 = seed treatment with Trichoderma sp. + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T3 = seed treatment with fludioxanil/metalaxyl M + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T4 = foliar spraying with Trichoderma sp.;T5 = alternate foliar spraying with cymoxanyl and mancozeb-chlorothalonil. Microscopic analysis of the samples revealed the presence of new fungal pathogens for faba beans in Bolivia (Cladosporium sp., and Lepthosphaerulina sp.) as well as emerging fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, B. fabae, Ascochyta fabae, Alternaria sp. and Cercospora sp.). None of the treatments affected the disease progression curve (DPC) for incidence, although effects were seen with respect to disease severity. The seed + foliar treatments (T2 and T3) were more effective at controlling disease than leaf treatments on their own (T4 and T5). Modelling analysis showed faba bean leaf spot disease to be moderately destructive. Compared to chemical treatments, biocontrol with Trichoderma spp. preliminary was found to provide good control of the disease. Losses due to leaf spot disease of 36% were recorded, and a strong correlation detected between yield and disease severity.

关键词： Ecotypes Modeling Diseases Intensity

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Phylogenomic reconstruction addressing the Peltigeralean backbone(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota)

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第5期110卷 59-73页

作者： Todd J.Widhelm Felix Grewe Bernard Goffinet Mats Wedin Trevor Goward Luis F.coca Isabel Distefano Alica Košuthová· H.Thorsten Lumbsch Science&Education The Grainger Bioinformatics CenterNegaunee Integrative Research CenterGantz Family Collections Centerand Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular SystematicsThe Field Museum1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut75 North Eagleville RoadStorrsCT 06269-3043USA Department of Botany Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 5000710405 StockholmSweden Herbarium Beaty MuseumUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Herbario Univ Caldas FAUC Edificio BicentenarioCalle 6526-10275 ManizalesColombia

Rapid radiations in Fungi are only beginning to be studied with phylogenomic *** evolutionary history of the lichenized fungal order Peltigerales has not been well resolved,particularly for the ***,we used concatenation and coalescent-based species tree methods to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Peltigerales based on sequences of 125 nuclear single-copy exon sequences among 60 samples,representing 58 *** uneven,lineage-specific missing data and significant topological incongruence of individual exon trees,the resulting phylogenies were concordant and successfully resolved the phylogenetic relationships of the *** in the Collematineae were defined by short branches and lower nodal support than in other parts of the tree,due in part to conflicting signal in exon trees,suggesting rapid diversification events in the early evolution of the *** tree distance measures,we were able to identify a minimum subset of exons that could reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in Peltigerales with higher support than the 125-exon *** between the minimum and complete datasets in species tree inferences,bipartition analyses,and divergence time estimations displayed similar results,although the minimum dataset was characterized by higher levels of error in estimations of divergence *** our inferences from the complete and minimum datasets to those derived from few nuclear and mitochondrial loci reveal that our topology is concordant with topologies reconstructed using the nuclear large subunit and mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA markers,but the target capture datasets had much higher support *** demonstrated how target capture approaches can effectively decipher ancient rapid radiations in cases where well resolved individual exon trees are sufficiently sampled and how to identify subsets of loci that are appropriate for fungal order-level phylogenetics.

关键词： Lichenized fungi Phylogenomics Rapid radiations High-throughput sequencing

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SUMOylation Inhibition Mediated by Disruption of SUMO El-E2 Interactions Confers Plant Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens

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Molecular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 709-720页

作者： Laura Castano-Miquel Abraham Mas Ines Teixeira Josep Segui Anna Perearnau Bhagyasree N. Thampi Arnaldo L. Schapire Natalia Rodrigo Gaelle La Verde Silvia Manrique Maria coca L. Maria Lois Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall~s) 08193 Barcelona Spain

Protein modification by SUMO modulates essential biological processes in eukaryotes. SUMOylation is facilitated by sequential action of the El-activating, E2-conjugating, and E3-1igase enzymes. In plants, SUMO regulates plant development and stress responses, which are key determinants in agricultural productivity. To generate additional tools for advancing our knowledge about the SUMO biology, we have developed a strategy for inhibiting in vivo SUMO conjugation based on disruption of SUMO El-E2 interactions through expression of E1 SAE2uFDct domain. Targeted mutagenesis and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this inhibition involves a short motif in SAE2uFDct highly divergent across kingdoms. Transgenic plants expressing the SAE2UFDCt domain displayed dose-dependent inhibition of SUMO conjugation, and have revealed the existence of a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme levels. Interestingly, these transgenic plants displayed increased suscep- tibility to necrotrophic fungal infections by Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Early after fungal inoculation, host SUMO conjugation was post-transcriptionally downregulated, suggesting that targeting SUMOylation machinery could constitute a novel mechanism for fungal pathogenicity. These findings support the role of SUMOylation as a mechanism involved in plant protection from environmental stresses. In addition, the strategy for inhibiting SUMO conjugation in vivo described in this study might be applicable in important crop plants and other non-plant organisms regardless of their genetic complexity.

关键词： SUMQ inhibition development flowering necrotrophic fungi El-activating enzyme El-E2interaction disruption

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戏还可以这样来演! 上海先锋戏剧和民间剧场

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大美术 2006年第3期 58-63,155页

作者：吴梦 coca

本文写了三出戏,各有各的方式,各有各出现在当下的意义。在上海小剧场似乎被白领话剧大一统的时候。

关键词：白领话剧影像艺术即兴表演王墨林创作状态大山子台班后现代现代艺术道具室

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启动视觉革命,让艺术不再遥远

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大美术 2004年第9期 100-101页

作者：天涯 coca

"2003爱普生彩色影像大赛"的获奖作品已经在上海爱普生影艺坊展出。这一年的主题是"启动视觉革命",展出的每件作品都传达出爱普生倡导个性化的创意视觉表达的观念。与国内的比赛不同,这次比赛对作品没有任何形式上的限定,尺寸不限、数... 详细信息

"2003爱普生彩色影像大赛"的获奖作品已经在上海爱普生影艺坊展出。这一年的主题是"启动视觉革命",展出的每件作品都传达出爱普生倡导个性化的创意视觉表达的观念。与国内的比赛不同,这次比赛对作品没有任何形式上的限定,尺寸不限、数量不限、主题不限、构图不限。

关键词：视觉革命影像作品视觉表达视觉化有立体感创作空间专业摄影师奖金总额计算机制图图像设计

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设计师和他的设计生活王凯丰:源自民间的现代与古典

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大美术 2004年第10期 28-29页

作者：瑞雪 coca

艺术之于生活,是不是两个交战的世界?门外的我,看到太多它们之间的战争,以及它们之间的交融。走近王凯丰,听他谈他的艺术,他的生活,他的职业,我才发现:它们原来竟一直都是同一个世界!生活的艺术着,艺术的生活着,自由而快乐。

关键词：设计生活民间家具参展作品上海美术馆美术大展启蒙老师古典家具陶碗保护漆乡村风情

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一个《传奇》老玩家的经验

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电脑爱好者 2002年第19期 100-102页

作者： coca-Cola

今天买了《电脑爱好者》翻到游戏部分,看到自己一直在玩的游戏《传奇》——啊,一个新手的投稿!呵呵,可能是由于他才玩没多久吧。错误还是有不少的。我是从去年10月左右就开始玩的,应该算的上是一个老玩家了。我每种职业都玩过,40的道士... 详细信息

今天买了《电脑爱好者》翻到游戏部分,看到自己一直在玩的游戏《传奇》——啊,一个新手的投稿!呵呵,可能是由于他才玩没多久吧。错误还是有不少的。我是从去年10月左右就开始玩的,应该算的上是一个老玩家了。我每种职业都玩过,40的道士号(我最近一直玩的号,因为实在很爽),37的法师和37的武士——我想我还是有些发言权的。(西红柿免了,稿费拿来,呵呵)先纠正一些错误吧。

关键词：法师战士武士军人黄冠道士玩家攻击力首饰戒指火球怪物剑术银蛇项链魔法涤罪所炼狱《传奇》

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