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The Chinese Export Boom:An Examination of the Detailed Trade Data

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China & World Economy 2013年第1期21卷 64-90页

作者： Brett Berger Robert f.martin Division of International finance Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Global Monetary and Sovereign Markets Division of International FinanceBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

from 2000 to 2007, Chinese exports grew at a phenomenal pace. Our paper uses finely detailed Chinese export data （8-digit Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System codes） combined with US trade data to explore how this was achieved. Although general explanations such as China ~ exchange rate policy no doubt played a role, we find that sector-specific stories, effective Chinese industrial policy and fortuitous timing were more critical The detailed trade data reveal that ＂＇new ＂＇ technology goods, such as cell phones, LCD screens and laptops, played a key role. finally, we use the data to examine the relationship between Chinese exports and global manufacturing, in particular US manufacturing employment. We find that competition from China in both domestic and foreign markets likely contributed to a significant decline in USA manufacturing employment, but that relatively low US investment and slow GDP growth in the US following the 2001 recession played an equally important role.

关键词： China export manufacturing trade

A new strategy for corrosion protection of porous stainless steel using polypyrrole films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第2期37卷 85-95页

作者： C.Garcia-Cabezon C.Garcia-Hernandez M.L.Rodriguez-Mendez f.martin-Pedrosa Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de Valladolid47011 ValladolidSpain UVASENS E.I.I.Universidad de Valladolid47011 ValladolidSpain

In this work,a method to improve the protection against corrosion of porous sintered stainless steel is *** is based on the electrodeposition of polypyrrole(PPy)layers doped with a large size counterion such as dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid(DBSA),a conducting polymer with high corrosion resistance and good *** efficacy of PPy coating depends on the adequate adhesion between the metal substrate and the coating *** protection against corrosion has been tested using 316 L stainless steel(SS)powder sintered at different conditions to evaluate the effect of the sintering atmosphere(nitrogen and vacuum)and cooling rates(furnace and water)on corrosion resistance,while wrought 316 L SS has been used as reference *** addition,two electrochemical deposition techniques have been tested to select the most *** circuit potential evolution,anodic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectra have been used to evaluate corrosion protection in phosphate buffer saline *** has been evidenced that a more homogeneous and stable coating was obtained in the case of porous stainless *** corrosion potential shifted to nobler values and the anodic polarization branch became more *** porous samples have a good passivation performance with a lower stable passive current density and a higher breakdown *** transfer electronic resistance and the impedance module increase more than one order of ***,the porosity of sintered stainless steel is seen as an advantage for the improvement of the adherence of the PPy *** best corrosion protection is found for samples sintered in nitrogen and water-cooled.

关键词： Stainless steel Powder metallurgy Protection corrosion Electrodeposited films Polymer coatings

The Borel measure of sequences with bounded run-length

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 316-322页

作者： Alisa DeStefano clyde martin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy Cross1 College StWorcesterMA01610USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University1108 Memorial CircleLubbockTX79409USA

Infinite sequences defined with a finite alphabet are studied and it is shown that the set of sequences with bounded run-length has measure zero with respect to the Borel *** sequences arise in many applications including digitization of certain linear systems involving flows on the circle and 2-torus,large scale simulation,and *** are basic objects of study in ergodic theory.

关键词： Digitization Borel measure Binary sequences Bounded run-length Irrational flow Torus

Archaea, the tree of life, and cellular evolution in eukaryotes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第3期62卷 489-506页

作者： Jing XIAO Lu fAN Dingfeng WU Yanbing XU Dengxun LAI William f.martin Ruixin ZHU Chuanlun ZHANG Department of Bioinformatics Tongji University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Institute of Molecular Evolution Heinrich-Heine-University Universit?tsstr.1 Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The early history of life harbours many unresolved evolutionary questions, none more important than the genomic origin and cellular evolution of eukaryotes. An issue central to eukaryote origin concerns the position of eukaryotes in the tree of life and the relationship of the host lineage that acquired the mitochondrion some two billion years ago to lineages of modern-day archaea. Recent analyses indicate that the host lineage branches within the Archaea, prompting the search for novel archaeal lineages that can improve our understanding of the cellular evolution of eukaryotes. Here we give a brief review of the studies on Archaea, the tree of life and the cellular evolution of eukaryotes, which is followed by an overview of recent progress fueled by new genomic technologies and recent status of archaeal research in China. future directions for the study of early evolution are considered.

关键词： Archaea Tree of life Cellular evolution of eukaryotes Metagenomics Bioinformatics

Movement analysis in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 485-486页

作者： Johannes Burtscher Nicolas Bourdillon Jules MJanssen Daalen Aurélien Patoz Julien fBally martin Kopp Davide Malatesta Bastiaan RBloem Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Radboud University Medical Center Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorCenter of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersNijmegenThe Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center Department of Medical BioSciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands Research and Development Department Volodalen Swiss Sport LabAigleSwitzerland Service of Neurology Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)and University of Lausanne(UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall ***,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses *** biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).

关键词： diagnosis Clinical eventually

Improvements in tribological and anticorrosion performance of porous Ti–6Al–4V via PEO coating

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friction 2021年第5期9卷 1303-1318页

作者： C.Garcia-Cabezón M.L.Rodríguez-Méndez V.AmigóBorrás R.Bayón C.Salvo-Comino C.Garcia-Hernandez f.martin-Pedrosa Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain BioecoUVA Research Institute Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Group UVASENS Escuela de Ingenierías IndustrialesUniversidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Instituto de Tecnología de Materials Univesitat Politécnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain Tribology Unit Fundación IK4-TeknikerEibar 20600Spain

Medical implants manufactured using biomaterial Ti–6Al–4V exhibit some *** higher elastic modulus than that of natural bone can cause stress shielding *** can be avoided using Ti–6Al–4V with pores in the implant ***,poor corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors are yielded because of the large area exposed to the *** mitigate both issues,coating technologies can be *** plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)process is a cost‐effective process that has been used successfully in nonporous Ti *** this study,two PEO coatings with different amounts of Ca/P are ***,reports regarding their application in porous materials are *** effects of PEO treatments on corrosion and tribocorrosion in Ti–6Al–4V powder metallurgy are analyzed *** porous materials provide an efficient surface for PEO coatings,as demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscopy(AfM),and the porosity of the substrates improved the adherence of the *** corrosion resistance measured via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the beneficial effect of the coatings,particularly for long exposure *** lower roughness,small pore size,and more compact film observed in the PEO–Ca/P sample resulted in favorable tribological and corrosion properties.

关键词： Ti‐based alloys corrosion tribocorrosion surface modification

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青霉素和头孢菌素生物合成中的基因克隆

药学进展 1989年第4期 36-39页

作者： Juan f.martin 肖灿鹏

二十世纪,生物技术为抗生素的工业发酵生产提供了基础。然而,尽管发酵产量有了很大提高,但抗生素生物合成机制了解还不够。研究分离的抗生素合成过程中编码酶的基因,是加深了解的重要步骤。工业上发酵生产抗生素已建有一个完整体系,但... 详细信息

二十世纪,生物技术为抗生素的工业发酵生产提供了基础。然而,尽管发酵产量有了很大提高,但抗生素生物合成机制了解还不够。研究分离的抗生素合成过程中编码酶的基因,是加深了解的重要步骤。工业上发酵生产抗生素已建有一个完整体系,但对产生菌的生物合成和控制这些微生物代谢产物产生的分子机理的基础研究还很欠缺。因为抗生素生物合成的研究进展很缓慢,其部分原因是参与生物合成酶类的本身不稳定之故,所以,对β-内酰胺类(青霉素、头孢菌素、cephamycin、carbapenems、monobactams)来说,虽与青霉素、头孢菌素及cephamycins的生物合成有关的一些

关键词：产黄青霉转化子青霉素抗菌素基因克隆生物合成生化反应野生型菌株结构基因头抱菌素质粒载体

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青霉素和头孢菌素生物合成的基因克隆化

国外医药（抗生素分册） 1989年第1期10卷 11-13,7页

作者： Juan f.martin 李文伦

工业发酵生产抗生素已完全建立,但对微生物代谢物的生产控制的分子机制和生物合成尚缺乏基础研究。了解抗生素生物合成的进展部分由于所涉及的酶的固有不稳定性而一直很缓慢。因此对β-内酰胺类抗生素(青霉素类、头孢菌素类、头霉素类... 详细信息

工业发酵生产抗生素已完全建立,但对微生物代谢物的生产控制的分子机制和生物合成尚缺乏基础研究。了解抗生素生物合成的进展部分由于所涉及的酶的固有不稳定性而一直很缓慢。因此对β-内酰胺类抗生素(青霉素类、头孢菌素类、头霉素类、碳青霉烯类、单酰胺菌素类而言,已鉴定了涉及青霉素、头孢菌素和头霉素生物合成的某些酶,但尚未综述生物合成途径及其控制机理。抗生素产生菌的分子遗传学还处于发展的早期阶段。产黄青霉和顶头孢霉中重组DNA技术的应用将导致合理构建含多拷贝抗生素生物合成基因的菌株。

关键词：青霉素头孢菌素生物合成基因克隆化

Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第1期7卷 86-91页

作者： Alex Yuan Baseer U.Ahmad David Xu Rishi P.Singh Peter K.Kaiser Daniel f.martin Jonathan E.Sears Andrew P.Schachat Justis P.Ehlers Vitreoretinal Service Cole Eye InstituteCleveland Clinic The Retina Institute

AIMTo compare the efficacy of ranibizumab and bevacizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

关键词： macular edema retinal vein occlusion bevacizumab ranibizumab optical coherence tomography