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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 39-40页

作者： cleland j. Ali M.M. 宁亮 Centre for Population Studies London S ch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med. 49-51 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DP United Kingdom Prof.

OBj.CTIVE: To ascertain the contribution of contraceptive failure to uninten de d births and fetal loss in developing countries. METHODS: Nationally representat ive survey data from married women in 19 developing countries were analyzed. All surveys contained retrospective monthly calendars of contraceptive use and preg nancies for a 5-year period preceding each survey. Information on the intendedn ess of live births, ascertained earlier in the interview, were linked to the cal endar data. Single-decrement life table analysis was applied to episodes of use to estimate failure probabilities. The reproductive consequences of failure wer e established by simple tabulation. Logistic regression was used to explore the determinants of fetal loss. RESULTS: Reported contraceptive failure rates were s imilar to those derived from studies conducted mainly in the United States. Abou t three fourths of pregnancies resulting from contraceptive failure were carried to term, and all but 16%of those were classified by the mother as unwanted or mistimed. j.st over one tenth ended in fetal loss, either induced or spontaneous . Analysis of determinants of fetal loss suggested that a large proportion were induced. The median contribution of failure to all unintended births for all 19 surveys was about 15%, and the contribution to fetal loss was 12%. CONCLUSION: The contribution of contraceptive failure in developing countries is much lower than the estimate of 50%in the United States. Despite the substantial increase s in contraceptive practice that have occurred in Asia, Latin America, the Middl e East, and to a lesser extent, Africa, the level of use is still below the 75% mark achieved in most industrialized countries. Nonuse of contraception remains the dominant direct cause of unintended births, and family planning promotion sh ould remain a public health priority.

关键词：胎儿流产避孕措施已婚女性非意愿妊娠足月分娩活产量表分妊娠情况调查数据析评

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心脏再同步化治疗对心衰患者发病率和死亡率的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 28-29页

作者： cleland j. G. F. Daubert j.-C. Erdmann E. 宁宁 Department of Cardiology Castle Hill Hospital University of Hull Kingston-upon-Hull United Kingdom

Cardiac Resynchronization reduces symptoms and improves left ventricular function in many patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac dyssynchrony. We evaluated its effects on morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Patients with New York Heart Association class IEt or IV heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac dyssynchrony who were receiving standard pharmacologic therapy were randomly assigned to receive medical therapy alone or with cardiac Resynchronization. The primary end point was the time to death from any cause or an unplanned hospitalization for a maj.r cardiovascular event The principal secondary end point was death from any cause. RESULTS: A total of 813 patients were enrolled and followed for a mean of 29.4 months. The primary end point was reached by 159 patients in the cardiac-Resynchronization group, as compared with 224 patients in the medical-therapy group(39 percent vs. 55 percent; hazard ratio, 0.63; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.77; Pj.t; increased the left ventricular ej.ction fraction; and improved symptoms and the quality of life(P< 0.01 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony, cardiac Resynchronization improves symptoms and the quality of life and reduces complications and the risk of death. These benefits are in addition to those afforded by standard pharmacologic therapy. The implantation of a cardiac-Resynchronization device should routinely be considered in such patients.

关键词：心脏再同步化患者发病率心脏协会次要终点左室收缩功能心血管事件射血分数全因死亡左心室功能死亡风险

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Strengthening an in-service reinforcement concrete bridge with prestressed CFRP bars

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第5期10卷 635-644页

作者： Hai-long WANG Wei-liang j.N David j. cleland Ai-hui ZHANG Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School of Planning Architecture and Civil Engineering Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AG UK

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars were prestressed for the structural strengthening of 8 T-shaped rein-forced concrete (RC) beams of a 21-year-old bridge in China. The ultimate bearing capacity of the existing bridge after retrofit was discussed on the basis of concrete structures theory. The flexural strengths of RC beams strengthened with CFRP bars were controlled by the failure of concrete in compression and a prestressing method was applied in the retrofit. The field construction processes of strengthening with CFRP bars-including grouting cracks, cutting groove, grouting epoxy and embedding CFRP bars, surface treating, banding with the U-type CFRP sheets, releasing external prestressed steel tendons-were introduced in detail. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this strengthening method, field tests using vehicles as live load were applied before and after the retrofit. The test results of deflection and concrete strain of the T-shaped beams with and without strengthening show that the capacity of the repaired bridge, including the bending strength and stiffness, is enhanced. The measurements of crack width also indicate that this strengthening method can enhance the durability of bridges. Therefore, the proposed strengthening technology is feasible and effective.

关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge Strengthening Construction pro-cedure Field test T-shaped beam

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A rare case of failed healing in previously burned skin after a secondary burns

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 268-271页

作者： Stephen j. Goldie Shaun Parsons Hana Menezes Andrew Ives Heather cleland Victorian Adult Burns Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia Department of Surgery Monash University Melbourne Australia Victorian Adult Burns Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia

Background:Patients presenting with large surface area burns are common in our practice;however, patients with a secondary large burn on pre-existing burn scars and grafts are rare and not reported. Case presentation:We report on an unusual case of a patient sustaining a secondary large burn to areas previously inj.red by a burn from a different mechanism. We discuss the potential implications when managing a case like this and suggest potential biological reasons why the skin may behave differently. Our patient was a 33-year-old man who presented with a 5%TBSA burn on skin scarred by a previous 40%total body surface area (TBSA) burn and skin grafts. Initially assessed as superficial partial thickness in depth, the wounds were treated conservatively with dressings;however, they failed to heal and became infected requiring surgical management. Conclusions:Burns sustained in areas of previous burn scars and grafts may behave differently to normal patterns of healing, requiring more aggressive management and surgical intervention at an early stage.

关键词： Previous burns Burn scar Non-healing

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Development and course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction in younger and older people

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j.urnal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Azam Torabi j.hn GF cleland Alan S Rigby Nasser Sherwi Department of Cardiology Castle Hill Hospital Hull York Medical School University of Hull Kingston upon Hull HU16 5JQ United Kingdom

Background Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a common cause of heart failure （HF）, which can develop soon after AMI and may persist or resolve or develop late. HF after an MI is a maj.r source of mortality. The cumulative incidence, prevalence and resolution of HF after MI in different age groups are poorly described. This study describes the natural history of HF after AMI according to age. Methods Patients with AMI during 1998 were identified from hospital records. HF was defined as treatment of symptoms and signs of HF with loop diuretics and was considered to have resolved if loop diuretic therapy could be stopped without recurrence of symptoms. Patients were cate- gorised into those aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years, and 〉 75 years. Results Of 896 patients, 311,297 and 288 were aged 〈 65, 65-75 and 〉75 years and of whom 24%, 57% and 82% had died respectively by December 2005. Of these deaths, 24 （8%）, 68 （23%） and 107 （37%） oc- curred during the index admission, many associated with acute HF. A further 37 （12%）, 63 （21%） and 82 （29%） developed HF that persisted until discharge, of whom 15, 44 and 62 subsequently died. After discharge, 53 （24%）, 55 （40%） and 37 （47%） patients developed I-IF for the first time, of whom 26%, 62% and 76% subsequently died. Death was preceded by the development of HF in 35 （70%）, 93 （91%） and 107 （85%） in aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years and 〉75 years, respectively. Conclusions The risk of developing HF and of dying after an MI in- creases progressively with age. Regardless of age, most deaths after a MI are preceded by the development of HF.

关键词： Myocardial infarction Heart failure Age

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Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis practice and its association with outcomes in Australia and New Zealand burns patients

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 642-651页

作者： Lincoln M.Tracy Peter A.Cameron Yvonne Singer Arul Earnest Fiona Wood Heather cleland Belinda j.Gabbe School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneVictoria3004Australia Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred HospitalCommercial RoadMelbourneVictoria3004Australia Victorian Adult Burns Service Alfred Hospital55 Commercial RoadMelbourneVictoria3004AustraliaAustralia Registry Sciences Unit Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneVictoria3004Australia Biostatistics Unit Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneVictoria3004Australia Burn Inj.ry Research Unit University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWestern Australia6009Australia Health Data Research UK Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaUK

Background:Patients with burn inj.ries are considered to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism(VTE).While untreated VTEs can be fatal,no studies have examined chemoprophylaxis *** study aimed to quantify the variation in prevalence of VTE prophylaxis use in patients in Australian and New Zealand burns units and whether prophylaxis use is associated with in-hospital outcomes following burn ***:Admission data for adult burns patients(aged≥16 years)admitted between 1 j.ly 2016 and 31 December 2018 were extracted from the Burns Registry of Australia and New *** effects logistic regression modelling investigated whether VTE prophylaxis usewas associated with the primary outcome of in-hospital ***:There were 5066 admissions over the study *** these patients,81%(n=3799)with a valid response to the VTE prophylaxis data field received some form of VTE *** of VTE prophylaxis ranged from 48.6%to 94.8%of patients between ***-hospital death was recorded inj.sting for confounders,receiving VTE prophylaxis was associated with a decrease in the adj.sted odds of in-hospital mortality(adj.sted odds ratio=0.21;95%CI,0.07–0.63;p=0.006).Conclusions:Variation in the use of VTE prophylaxis was observed between the units,and prophylaxis use was associated with a decrease in the odds of *** findings provide an opportunity to engage with units to further explore differences in prophylaxis use and develop future best practice guidelines.

关键词： Burn inj.ry Venous thromboembolism Prophylaxis Australia New Zealand

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上海市产后妇女避孕方法选择的定性研究

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中国计划生育学杂志 2007年第10期15卷 603-606页

作者：车焱 j.hn cleland 韩耀玲上海市计划生育科学研究所 200032

目的:了解上海市产后妇女避孕措施的选择及其影响因素,并了解妇幼保健和计划生育机构对产后避孕服务提供情况。方法:采用个人访谈和小组讨论的研究方法,对上海市分娩1年内的产妇以及参与产后家庭访视的妇幼保健和计划生育工作人员进行... 详细信息

目的:了解上海市产后妇女避孕措施的选择及其影响因素,并了解妇幼保健和计划生育机构对产后避孕服务提供情况。方法:采用个人访谈和小组讨论的研究方法,对上海市分娩1年内的产妇以及参与产后家庭访视的妇幼保健和计划生育工作人员进行访谈。结果:妇女产后早期倾向选择对身体康复和哺乳没有影响的避孕套和安全期避孕,一段时期之后倾向选择避孕效率更高的方法。选择避孕方法的种类受妇产科医生的建议和亲戚朋友避孕经验的影响较大。产妇避孕知识整体水平不高,普遍不了解哺乳避孕法以及口服避孕药、皮下埋植剂等避孕方法。由于产后访视员避孕知识的不足使得产后访视几乎未开展有效的避孕指导。结论:采取多种措施,提高产妇避孕知识,扩大产后避孕方法的选择,改善产后访视的避孕指导。

关键词：产后妇女产后访视避孕选择定性研究

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培哚普利在慢性心力衰竭老年患者中的应用(PEP-CHF)研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第3期3卷 50-51页

作者： cleland j.G.F. Tendera M. Adamus j. 刘少伟 Department of Cardiology University of Hull Castle Hill Hospital Castle Road Kingston upon Hull HU16 5JQ United Kingdom

目的:许多被诊断为心力衰竭的患者既无左室(LV)射血分数降低也无瓣膜疾病。少有在该群体中进行的切实随机对照试验,也没有试验针对有舒张功能不全证据的患者,更无试验显示对患者症状、发病率或死亡率的确切疗效。

关键词：慢性心力衰竭 PEP-CHF 培哚普利射血分数舒张功能不全瓣膜疾病随机对照试验试验针全因

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对钢混桥梁面板中压缩薄膜效应的试验研究

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合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第3期33卷 404-410页

作者：郑愚 S E Taylor D Robinson David cleland 东莞理工学院建筑工程系广东东莞523808 英国贝尔法斯特女王大学规划、建筑与土木工程学院贝尔法斯特BT95AG

为了研究钢混桥梁面板在压缩薄膜效应作用下的结构性能和真实承载能力,进行了一组1∶3比例桥梁模型的静力加载试验;并通过对混凝土强度、配筋率和支撑梁尺寸的改变来分析压缩薄膜效应对结构承载能力的影响。将试验结果与现行规范计算结... 详细信息

为了研究钢混桥梁面板在压缩薄膜效应作用下的结构性能和真实承载能力,进行了一组1∶3比例桥梁模型的静力加载试验;并通过对混凝土强度、配筋率和支撑梁尺寸的改变来分析压缩薄膜效应对结构承载能力的影响。将试验结果与现行规范计算结果和数值模拟结果进行比较后发现,现行的设计方法不能够准确地反映桥梁面板的真实承载能力,而数值分析结果与试验结果有着较好的吻合。

关键词：压缩薄膜效应试验研究钢混桥梁面板承载力

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预制预应力混凝土结构的抗震设计

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建筑技术开发 2010年第3期37卷 56-57,59页

作者：何瑶 Ned M.cleland

1美国预制预应力混凝土结构抗震设计的历史在20世纪50年代初，预制预应力混凝土在美国建筑结构体系中的应用就已经开始发展了。在工业时代早期，这种结构主要是在低抗震设防区应用比较多。刚开始的时候，预制结构被认为是钢筋混凝土结... 详细信息

1美国预制预应力混凝土结构抗震设计的历史在20世纪50年代初，预制预应力混凝土在美国建筑结构体系中的应用就已经开始发展了。在工业时代早期，这种结构主要是在低抗震设防区应用比较多。刚开始的时候，预制结构被认为是钢筋混凝土结构大领域中的一个小分支。按这种说法的话，预制结构的设计准则主要是从整体现场浇注混凝土的规范中得来的。尽管对于具体到节点和两端简支的预制混凝土结构的准则已经出台了，但是混凝土规范的主要条文仍是针对连续现浇整体结构的。

关键词：预应力混凝土结构预制混凝土结构结构抗震设计钢筋混凝土结构建筑结构体系抗震设防区浇注混凝土工业时代

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