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Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections

International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Hong Wu claus moser Heng-Zhuang Wang Niels Hφiby Zhi-Jun Song Department of Clinical Microbiology Rigshospitalet University Hospital of Copenhagen Department of International Health Immunology &Microbiology University of Copenhagen Department of Clinical Microbiology Slagelse Hospital

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different biofilm infections and introduces the promising laboratory progress, which may contribute to prevention or cure of biofilm infections. We conclude that, an efficient treatment of biofilm infections needs a well-established multidisciplinary collaboration, which includes removal of the infected foreign bodies, selection of biofilm-active, sensitive and well-penetrating antibiotics, systemic or topical antibiotic administration in high dosage and combinations, and administration of anti-quorum sensing or biofilm dispersal agents.

关键词： antibiotic resistance antimicrobial treatments bacterial biofilm chronic infection

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BFP1:One of 700 Arabidopsis F-box proteins mediates degradation of JA oxidases to promote plant immunity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 375-376页

作者： claus Wasternack Bettina Hause Department of Molecular Signal Processing Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry7 Weinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry06120 Halle(Saale)Germany

A switch off in jasmonate(JA)signaling by hydroxylation upon wounding was described in 2008(Miersch et al.,2008).This initiated the cloning of CYP450 enzymes involved in hydroxylation and carboxylation of JA and its amino acid conjugate JA-le,the most active form of JA compounds(reviewed by Wasternack and Feussner[2018]and Heitz et al.[2019]).Due to the central role of JA and JA-lle in plant stress responses and development(Wasternack and Hause,2013),catabolism of JA and its derivatives is an essential component in the sustainment of homeostasis of active JA compounds(Howe et al.,2018;Heitz et al.,2019).Catabolism of JA and JAIle takes place by JA-induced oxygenases(JOXs),also named JA-oxidases(JAOs),and by hydroxylation(CYP94B3/B1)followed by carboxylation(CYP94C1),respectively(Heitz et al.,2019).Another reaction performed by IAR3/ILL6 results in the deconjugation of JA-lle and 12-OH-JA-le to JA and 12-OH-JA,respectively(Heitz et al.,2019;Wasternack and Feussner,2018).

关键词： conjugate initiated media

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The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第2期3卷 55-65页

作者： Niels Hoiby Oana Ciofu Helle Krogh Johansen Zhi-jun Song claus moser Peter Ostrup Jenser Soren Molin Michael Givskov Tim Tolker-Nieisen Thomas Bjamsholt Department of Clinical Microbiology Rigshospitalet Institute for International Health Medical Microbiology and Immunology BloScience and Technology Biocentrum Danish Technical University

Bacteria survive in nature by forming biofilms on surfaces and probably most, if not all, bacteria （and fungi） are capable of forming biofilms. A biofilm is a structured consortium of bacteria embedded in a self-produced polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharide, protein and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, disinfectant chemicals and to phagocytosis and other components of the innate and adaptive inflammatory defense system of the body. It is known, for example, that persistence of staphylococcal infections related to foreign bodies is due to biofilm formation. Likewise, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients are caused by biofilm growing mucoid strains. Gradients of nutrients and oxygen exist from the top to the bottom of biofilms and the bacterial cells located in nutrient poor areas have decreased metabolic activity and increased doubling times. These more or less dormant cells are therefore responsible for some of the tolerance to antibiotics. Biofilm growth is associated with an increased level of mutations. Bacteria in biofilms communicate by means of molecules, which activates certain genes responsible for production of virulence factors and, to some extent, biofilm structure. This phenomenon is called quorum sensing and depends upon the concentration of the quorum sensing molecules in a certain niche, which depends on the number of the bacteria. Biofilms can be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis or early aggressive antibiotic therapy and they can be treated by chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy. Promising strategies may include the use of compounds which can dissolve the biofilm matrix and quorum sensing inhibitors, which increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics and phagocytosis.

关键词： bacterial biofilm biofilm infection antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

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The Short Local Algebras of Dimension 6 with Non-projective Reflexive Modules

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2023年第2期11卷 195-227页

作者： claus Michael Ringel Fakultät für Mathematik Universität BielefeldPO Box 10013133501 BielefeldGermany

Let A be a finite-dimensional local algebra over an algebraically closed field,let J be the radical of *** modules we are interested in are the finitely generated left *** are always reflexive,and an algebra is self-injective iff allmodules are *** discuss the existence of non-projective reflexive modules in case A is not *** assume that A is short(this means that J^(3)=0).In a joint paper with Zhang Pu,it has been shown that 6 is the smallest possible dimension of A that can occur and that in this case the following conditions have to be satisfied:J^(2)is both the left socle and the right socle of A and there is no uniform ideal of length *** present paper is devoted to showing the converse.

关键词： Short local algebra Reflexive module Gorenstein-projective module Bristle Atom Bar Bristle-bar layout

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Optimal choice of Reed-Solomon codes to protect against queuing losses in wireless networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2009年第3期16卷 71-83页

作者： claus Bauer Dolby Laboratories 100 Potrero Avenue San Francisco

This article proposes algorithms to determine an optimal choice of the Reed-Solomon forward error correction （FEC） code parameters （n,k） to mitigate the effects of packet loss on multimedia traffic caused by buffer overflow at a wireless base station. A network model is developed that takes into account traffic arrival rates, channel loss characteristics, the capacity of the buffer at the base station, and FEC parameters. For Poisson distributed traffic, the theory of recurrent linear equations is applied to develop a new closed form solution of low complexity of the Markov model for the buffer occupancy. For constant bit rate （CBR） traffic, an iterative procedure is developed to compute the packet loss probabilities after FEC recovery.

关键词： FEC packet loss buffer occupancy Markov model

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Sums of Five Almost Equal Prime Squares

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2005年第4期21卷 833-840页

作者： claus BAUER Dolby Laboratories 100 Potrero AvenueSan FranciscoCA94103USA

Let Pi, 1≤i≤5, be prime numbers. It is proved that every integer N that satisfies N=5 （mod 24） can be written as N=p1^2＋p2^2＋P3^2＋p4^2 ＋p5^2, where │√N5-Pi│≤N^1/2-19/850＋∈.

关键词： Prime numbers Exponential sums L-functions

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Large sieve inequality with sparse sets of moduli applied to Goldbach conjecture

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第2期12卷 261-280页

作者： claus BAUER Dolby Laboratories Beijing 100020 China

We use the large sieve inequality with sparse sets of moduli to prove a new estimate for exponential sums over primes. Subsequently, we apply this estimate to establish new results on the binary Goldbach problem where... 详细信息

关键词： Three primes theorem exponential sums over primes sparse set ofmodules

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Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 202-206页

作者： Muhammad Adnan Shan Julie Mechlenborg Rebecca Roen claus Bosting Niels Morling Section of Forensic Genetics Department of Forensic MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Centre for Applied Molecular Biology(CA MB) University of the PunjabLahorePakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion(Indel)markers included in the Qiagen Investigator■DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan(Punjabi,Pashtun,Sindhi,Saraiki,and Baloch).In the Sindhi population,the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni *** combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12(Pashtun and Baloch)to 1.0E-12(Sindhi),and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995(Punjabi,Sindhi,and Saraiki)to 0.996(Pashtun and Baloch).The high combined power of discrimination(0.99999999999997)and low combined match probability(1.7E-12)for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied *** allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other *** results show that the populations clustered according to *** subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan,as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern *** results suggest that the Investigator■DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics Qiagen investigator■DIPplex kit anthropology population genetics individual identification

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Determination of sex by jasmonate^FA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第2期62卷 162-164页

作者： claus Wasternack Department of Molecular Signal Processing Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle(Saale)D‐06120Germany Laboratory of Growth Regulators Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR&Palacky UniversityOlomoucCZ‐78371Czech Republic

Jasmonic acid (JA) and some of its derivatives are important signals in plant stress responses such as biotic or abiotic stresses during alteration of the environment and are signals in several developmental processes such as trichome development, growth/defense balance, root growth, senescence, or light signaling (Wasternack and Hause 2013).

关键词： Determination sex jasmonate

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Representation theory of Dynkin quivers. Three contributions

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2016年第4期11卷 765-814页

作者： claus Michael RINGEL Fakultat fiir Mathematik Universitat Bielefeld P. O. Box 100 131 D-33501 Bielefeld Germany Department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The representations of the Dynkin quivers and the corresponding Euclidean quivers are treated in many books. These notes provide three building blocks for dealing with representations of Dynkin （and Euclidean） quivers. They should be helpful as part of a direct approach to study representations of quivers, and they shed some new light on properties of Dynkin and Euclidean quivers.

关键词： Quiver Dynkin quiver Euclidean quiver the exceptional vertices of a Dynkin quiver representations of quivers thin representations filtrations of vector spaces conical representations of star quivers Auslander- Reiten quiver thick subcategories perpendicular subcategories one-point extension antichains of a poset antichains of an additive category simplifi- cation hammocks the 2-4-8 property the magic Freudenthal-Tits square

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