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Sums of Five Almost Equal Prime Squares

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2005年第4期21卷 833-840页

作者： claus BAUER Dolby Laboratories 100 Potrero AvenueSan FranciscoCA94103USA

Let Pi, 1≤i≤5, be prime numbers. It is proved that every integer N that satisfies N=5 （mod 24） can be written as N=p1^2＋p2^2＋P3^2＋p4^2 ＋p5^2, where │√N5-Pi│≤N^1/2-19/850＋∈.

关键词： Prime numbers Exponential sums L-functions

Large sieve inequality with sparse sets of moduli applied to Goldbach conjecture

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第2期12卷 261-280页

作者： claus BAUER Dolby Laboratories Beijing 100020 China

We use the large sieve inequality with sparse sets of moduli to prove a new estimate for exponential sums over primes. Subsequently, we apply this estimate to establish new results on the binary Goldbach problem where... 详细信息

关键词： Three primes theorem exponential sums over primes sparse set ofmodules

The Short Local Algebras of Dimension 6 with Non-projective Reflexive Modules

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2023年第2期11卷 195-227页

作者： claus Michael Ringel Fakultät für Mathematik Universität BielefeldPO Box 10013133501 BielefeldGermany

Let A be a finite-dimensional local algebra over an algebraically closed field,let J be the radical of *** modules we are interested in are the finitely generated left *** are always reflexive,and an algebra is self-injective iff allmodules are *** discuss the existence of non-projective reflexive modules in case A is not *** assume that A is short(this means that J^(3)=0).In a joint paper with Zhang Pu,it has been shown that 6 is the smallest possible dimension of A that can occur and that in this case the following conditions have to be satisfied:J^(2)is both the left socle and the right socle of A and there is no uniform ideal of length *** present paper is devoted to showing the converse.

关键词： Short local algebra Reflexive module Gorenstein-projective module Bristle Atom Bar Bristle-bar layout

Determination of sex by jasmonate^FA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第2期62卷 162-164页

作者： claus Wasternack Department of Molecular Signal Processing Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle(Saale)D‐06120Germany Laboratory of Growth Regulators Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR&Palacky UniversityOlomoucCZ‐78371Czech Republic

Jasmonic acid (JA) and some of its derivatives are important signals in plant stress responses such as biotic or abiotic stresses during alteration of the environment and are signals in several developmental processes such as trichome development, growth/defense balance, root growth, senescence, or light signaling (Wasternack and Hause 2013).

关键词： Determination sex jasmonate

Chronic hepatitis B in 2014: Great therapeutic progress, large diagnostic deficit

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11595-11617页

作者： claus Niederau Katholisches Klinikum Oberhausen GmbH St. Josef Hospital Klinik für Innere Medizin Akademisches Lehr-krankenhaus der Universit?t Duisburg-Essen 46045 Oberhausen Germany

This review analyzes progress and limitations of diagnosis, screening, and therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. A literature review was carried out by framing the study questions. Vaccination in early childhood has been introduced in most countries and reduces the infection rate. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B can control viral replication in most patients today. It reduces risks for progression and may reverse liver fibrosis. The treatment effect on development of hepatocellular carcinoma is less pronounced when cirrhosis is already present. Despite the success of vaccination and therapy chronic hepatitis B remains a problem since many infected patients do not know of their disease. Although all guidelines recommend screening in high risk groups such as migrants, these suggestions have not been implemented. In addition, the performance of hepatocellular cancer surveillance under real-life conditions is poor. The majority of people with chronic hepatitis B live in resource-constrained settings where effective drugs are not available. Despite the success of vaccination and therapy chronic hepatitis B infection remains a major problem since many patients do not know of their disease. The problems in diagnosis andscreening may be overcome by raising awareness, promoting partnerships, and mobilizing resources.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B HBsAg Screening Liv-er cirrhosis Hepatocellular cancer Entecavir Tenofovi Telbivudine Adefovir Lamivudine Interferon

Representation theory of Dynkin quivers. Three contributions

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2016年第4期11卷 765-814页

作者： claus Michael RINGEL Fakultat fiir Mathematik Universitat Bielefeld P. O. Box 100 131 D-33501 Bielefeld Germany Department of Mathematics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The representations of the Dynkin quivers and the corresponding Euclidean quivers are treated in many books. These notes provide three building blocks for dealing with representations of Dynkin （and Euclidean） quivers. They should be helpful as part of a direct approach to study representations of quivers, and they shed some new light on properties of Dynkin and Euclidean quivers.

关键词： Quiver Dynkin quiver Euclidean quiver the exceptional vertices of a Dynkin quiver representations of quivers thin representations filtrations of vector spaces conical representations of star quivers Auslander- Reiten quiver thick subcategories perpendicular subcategories one-point extension antichains of a poset antichains of an additive category simplifi- cation hammocks the 2-4-8 property the magic Freudenthal-Tits square

EHD friction properties of ISO VG 320 gear oils with smooth and rough surfaces

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Friction 2020年第1期8卷 164-181页

作者： Balasubramaniam VENGUDUSAMY claus ENEKES Reiner SPALLEK Klüber Lubrication München SE&Co.KG Geisenhausenerstraße 7Munich 81379Germany

The elastohydrodynamic(EHD)friction properties of seven ISO VG 320 gear oils including three polyalphaolefins(PAOs),three polyglycols(PG)and a mineral oil have been investigated in rolling/sliding conditions at six different temperatures and three *** thickness,Stribeck and traction curves have been generated using a ball‐on‐disc *** thickness results are in agreement with previous work that it is primarily controlled by pressure‐viscosity coefficient and viscosity of *** results with smooth surface show that all oils experience significant shear heating leading to friction reduction at higher strain rates or lambda ratios but only PGs reach limiting friction whereas mineral oil and PAOs do *** curves obtained at different temperatures and roughnesses enable simulating an extensive range of lubrication regimes and allow isothermal friction correction for shear *** curves with rough surfaces show an increase in friction in the lambda range of 0.5–3.5,where asperity separation varies from partial to full–indicating that roughness effects can be expected even under full film *** increase in friction is attributed to formation of a micro‐EHD region,and is seen only with mineral oil and PAOs whereas not with *** results also highlight how EHD friction properties of different family of fluids could be influenced by roughness effects,and the possible mechanisms are discussed.

关键词： ISO VG 320 gear oil roughness effect film thickness friction EHD micro‐EHD

Synthetic lethality by PARP inhibitors: new mechanism uncovered based on unresolved transcription-replication conflicts

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3163-3164页

作者： Marina Kolesnichenko claus Scheidereit Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Charite-Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association(MDC)BerlinGermany

In a landmark study recently published in Nature,Petropoulous et *** that synthetic lethality of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors in cells with defective homologous recombination repair(HR)results predominantly from transcription replication conflicts(TRC)and not,as previously proposed,from PARP trapping on DNA(Fig.1).The article unveils a new mechanism behind synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors with relevance for cancer therapy.

关键词： PARP mechanism

Regulation of natural killer cell activity by glucocorticoids,serotonin,dopamine,and epinephrine

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 705-711页

作者： Silvia Capellino Maren claus Carsten Watzl Department for Immunology Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors(IfADo)at TU DortmundDortmundGermany

The immune system and the nervous system are highly complex organs composed of various different cells that must interact with each other for proper function of the *** communication can be mediated by soluble *** factors released by the nervous system(neurotransmitters)differ from those released by the immune system(cytokines).Nevertheless,the nervous and immune systems can influence each other’s activity because immune cells express neurotransmitter receptors,and neurons express cytokine ***,immune cells can synthesize and release neurotransmitters themselves,thus using neurotransmittermediated pathways via autocrine and paracrine *** killer(NK)cells are innate lymphocytes that are important for early and effective immune reactions against infections and *** studies have shown the strong influence of stress and the nervous system on NK cell *** phenomenon may be one reason why chronic stress leads to a higher incidence of infections and ***,we review the effects of neuroendocrine factors on the different activities of NK *** the effects of neuroendocrine factors on NK cell activities during physiological and pathophysiological conditions may result in novel therapeutic strategies to enhance NK cell functions against tumors.

关键词： Natural Killer Cells Catecholamines Glucocorticoids Neurotransmitters