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Diversity of plants and mammals as indicators of the effects of land management types in woodlands

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 991-1005页

作者： Carolina R.Szymanski Solana Tabeni Juan A.Alvarez claudia m.campos Instituto Argentino de Nivologia Glaciologia y Ciencias AmbientalesCCT CONICET MendozaAv.Ruiz Leal s/nParque General San Martin5000 MendozaArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de CuyoAlte.Brown s/nChacras de Coria5505 MendozaArgentina Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zona Aridas(UNCuyo-Gobierno de mendoza-CONICET) CCT CONICET MendozaAv.Ruiz Leal s/nParque General San Martin5000 MendozaArgentina

Background:The ecological indicators are useful tools to determine the effects of human disturbances on woodland ***,ecological indicators not always responded in the same way to disturbances,and the responses can differ among *** arid and semiarid woodlands,the use of deadwood associated with cattle raising can affect biodiversity and Nature’s contributions to ***:Our study aimed to assess changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of two assemblages,plants and mammals,in Prosopis woodlands under different land management types:grazed woodlands and a protected *** plants,changes in structural diversity were also *** trees under different land management types were selected and their deadwood characteristics were *** live traps and camera traps,we obtained data on the presence-absence of mammals per tree to estimate diversity *** plants,we measured the abundance of vegetation by species and by cover type through the Line-Intercept method to estimated ***,we built generalized linear models to assess the responses of diversity of each assemblage to covariables concerning deadwood and different land management ***:We found that all diversity indeces for plants were either negatively affected by the presence of deadwood on the ground,or favored by its *** mammals,removal of deadwood increased taxonomic diversity,while functional diversity increased with deadwood on the *** structural diversity of plants and functional diversity of mammals were greater in grazed ***:The sustainable use of woodland resources is essential for the activities of rural *** study results indicated that land management of grazed woodlands promoted the structural diversity of plant assemblages and the functional diversity of *** presence of deadwood negatively affected plant diversity but it increased mammal functional *** is a

关键词： Central monte Cattle raising Deadwood extraction Taxonomic diversity Functional traits

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Targeting muscle to treat Charcot-marie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1653-1654页

作者： David Villarroel-campos James N.Sleigh Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and UCL Queen Square motor Neuron Disease Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK UK Dementia Research Institute University College LondonLondonUK

Charcot-marie-Tooth disease(CmT)is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy causing muscle weakness/wasting and sensory dysfunction predominantly in limb *** patients display gait abnormalities,foot deformities,loss of sens... 详细信息

关键词： marie sensation neuropathy

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metal-modulated epitaxy of mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique campos-González máximo López-López Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAmBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(mmE)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBL)in LED *** varied the Al composition in the EBL from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SILVACO *** results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality mg-doped p-AlInN layers through *** simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-LED EBL simulation

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Thirteen years to get from b to a:one of the neglected isoforms of IL-37 enters the stage

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 201-202页

作者： Steven X.Cho Ina Rudloff Andrew m.Ellisdon claudia A.Nold-Petry marcel F.Nold Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Cancer Program Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia

Interleukin(IL)-37 is one of the few anti-inflammatory members of the predominantly pro-inflammatory IL-1 cytokine ***-37 possesses alarmin-like properties[1]and exerts its activities via intracellular[2]as well as cell surface receptor-dependent mechanisms,and the latter involves IL-1R8 and IL-18Rα[3].Because of its powerful and broad-spectrum“peacemaking”[4]functions,considerable efforts have been invested in developing IL-37-based anti-inflammatory therapeutics[5,6].

关键词： Interleukin neglected cytokine

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Extracellular vesicles-coupled miRNAs from oviduct and uterus modulate signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and bovine early embryo development

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1528-1549页

作者： Rosane mazzarella Karina Canon‑Beltran Yulia N.Cajas meriem Hamdi Encina m.Gonzalez Juliano C.da Silveira claudia L.V.Leal D.Rizos Department of Animal Reproduction INIA-CSICMadridSpain Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Veterinary FacultyComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)MadridSpain Department Agrarian Production Technical University of MadridUPMMadridSpain Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaUTPLLojaEcuador Department of Anatomy and Embryology FV-UCMMadridSpain Department of Veterinary medicine FZEA-USPPirassunungaBrazil

Background Extracellular vesicles(EVs) present in oviductal(OF) and uterine fluid(UF) have been shown to enhance bovine embryo quality during in vitro culture by reducing lipid contents and modulating lipid metabolism-related genes(LmGs), while also influencing cell proliferation, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of different biological pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways related to cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabo-lism is crucial for early embryo development and can determine the success or failure of the pregnancy. Bioactive molecules within EVs in maternal reproductive fluids, such as micro RNAs(miRNAs), may contribute to this regulatory process as they modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional *** This study evaluated miRNA cargo in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from the mid-luteal phase, coinciding with embryo transit within oviduct and uterus in vivo, and its possible influence on LmGs and sign-aling pathways crucial for early embryo development. A total of 333 miRNAs were detected, with 11 exclusive to OF, 59 to UF, and 263 were common between both groups. From the 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 up-regulated in UF-EVs(bta-miR-134, bta-miR-151-3p, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-181b, bta-miR-181d, bta-miR-224, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-24-3p, bta-miR-27a-3p, bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-324, bta-miR-326, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-410, bta-miR-652, bta-miR-677, bta-miR-873 and bta-miR-708) and one(bta-miR-148b) in OF-EVs. These miRNAs were predicted to modulate several pathways such as Wnt, Hippo, mAPK, and lipid metabolism and degradation. Differ-ences in miRNAs found in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from mid-luteal phase may reflect differ-ent environments to meet the changing needs of the embryo. Additionally, miRNAs may be involved, particularly in the uterus, in the regulation of embryo lipid metabolism, immune system, and *** Our study su

关键词： Embryo-maternal interaction Epigenetic Exosomes mammalian Preimplantation Reproductive fluids

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Reproductive patterns in Araucaria araucana forests in the Andean range, Chile

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 252-261页

作者： Sergio Donoso Karen Pe?a-Rojas claudia Espinoza Carolain Badaracco Rómulo Santelices-moya Antonio Cabrera-Ariza mediterranean Forests Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation Centro Secano Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Universidad Católica del Maule maule Advanced Studies Research Center Vice-Rector's Office for Research and Postgraduate Studies Catholic University of Maule

Background Araucaria araucana is a mast species that presents a high variability in annual cone production. Researchers have recorded synchronization events in cone production in different populations, which allows the seed production to be concentrated, reducing the percentage of seeds consumed by different animal *** We sampled three populations located in the Andes mountains, Araucanía Region, Chile. In 2004 we began the collection of data on cone production, for which we installed permanent plots（1200 m2each） at each location. We identified and labeled each female tree in each plot to monitor its cone production. In 2012 we selected a total of 30 trees near the plots to evaluate the number of seeds per cone. In each February from 2012 to 2014 we selected two mature cones and covered them with a porous mesh for subsequent collection and storage in march. At the beginning of June, we counted and weighed the seeds, determining the average weight, the number of seeds per cone, the germination capacity（GC）, and the germination speed（GS）.Results Cone production was synchronous across the three locations. We observed significant differences among the locations and years evaluated. The cones had fewer seeds in 2013（high production） compared to those in 2012（low production）, but their weights were similar. In 2014 the cones produced smaller seeds in fewer quantities. The difference between the years 2013 and 2014 resulted from the high-energy expenditure in 2013. Regarding GC and GS, there were significant differences among the three locations（GC: F = 45.41, p mber of cones produced in a given year. These annual fluctuations in seed production are determining factors in the population dynamics of forest species. Our results allow a better understanding of the reproductive phenology of A. araucana and could hel

关键词： Seed weight Germination potential masting species Sustainable use Dioecious species

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Ammonia and greenhouse gas distribution in a dairy barn during warm periods

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 428-441页

作者： Provvidenza Rita D'URSO claudia ARCIDIACONO Giovanni CASCONE Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Catania

This research aimed to quantify concentrations of ammonia（NH3）, carbon dioxide（CO2） and methane（CH4）, estimate emissions, and analyze the factors influencing them during warm periods in an open dairy barn equipped with two cooling systems in a mediterranean climate zone. Gas distribution within the barn was observed to vary both vertically and horizontally, with the highest gas concentrations observed in the central area of the barn. NH3, CH4and CO2ranged in 1.7–7.4, 7–18, 560–724 μg·g–1, respectively. Natural ventilation through openings and the operation of cooling systems induced changes in indoor microclimate conditions, influencing cow behavior and,consequently, gas production. Gas concentrations were the highest at air velocities below 0.5 m·s–1. The highest concentration of NH3was observed when the temperature-humidity index（THI） was > 72 and ≤ 78; and CO2and CH4concentrations were the highest with THI ≥ 72 and decreased with THI ≤72. NH3concentrations when barn management included three daily milkings were higher than those measured when barn management was based on two daily milkings, and lower for CH4and CO2. NH3and CH4emissions were the highest during barn cleaning, while the lowest NH3emissions occurred during activity of the cows（i.e., feeding, walking）.

关键词： Ammonia greenhouse gas environmental monitoring cows’ behavior barn management housing system climatic parameters

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Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期 25-39页

作者： Verónica Loewe-mu?oz Rodrigo del Río millar claudia Delard Rodriguez mónica Balzarini Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR) Metropolitan Office Centro Nacional de Excelencia Para la Industria de la madera(CENAmAD) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria

Background Stone pine(Pinus pinea), a drought-resistant species, has significant socio-economic benefits and increasing interest for the establishment of productive plantations in several countries, especially in a climate change context. monitoring hourly stem diameter variations contributes to the understanding of the tree-growth response to changes in environmental conditions and management. By monitoring the diameter expansion of tree stems, high-resolution band dendrometers were used to study the development of adult trees growing in a semi-arid coastal environment of central Chile under fertilized and non-fertilized soil conditions through the span of a *** Short cycles( 28 h) occurred at a higher frequency in fertilized trees(16 vs 6). most of the circadian cycles were regular(24 ± 3 h). The longest cycle duration(59 h) was observed in fertilized trees during spring. In all seasons, each phase of the circadian cycle, especially during the stem diameter increment phase(P3, irreversible growth), started earlier in fertilized than in control trees. P3 duration was significantly longer in fertilized than in control trees in springtime. The maximum shrinkage(P1) was observed in summer for both treatments. Stem diameter increased faster in fer-tilized than in control trees throughout the year, with the highest accumulation occurring in spring and the lowest in autumn. The daily variability pattern showed lower growth under high temperature across *** This study highlights the importance of fertilization in enhancing stone pine diameter growth. This cultural practice should be further explored to contribute to the mitigation of climate change effects in semi-arid environments.

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Does the use of double hormone replacement therapy for trauma patient organ donors improve organ recovery for transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden m Gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellfi Jessica Dufrene Saad Chaudhary John Hunt Lance Stuke Patrick Greiffenstein Jonathan Schoen Alan marr Anil Paramesh Alison A Smith Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States Department of medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Trauma Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States Department of Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States Department of Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKGROUND With an ongoing demand for transplantable organs,optimization of donor management protocols,specifically in trauma populations,is important for obta-ining a high yield of viable organs per *** management of brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical management *** studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was combined with other treatments,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcomes were increased for transplant *** To determine if levothyroxine use in combination with steroids in BPODs increased the number of organs donated in trauma *** A retrospective review of adult BPODs from a single level 1 trauma center over ten years was *** criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation after circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital *** and steroid administration,the number of organs donated,the types of organs donated,and demographic information were *** analyses were performed with Pmet inclusion criteria,69(78%)of whom received levothyroxine and steroids(ST/LT group)vs 19(22%)receiving steroids without levothyroxine(ST group).No differences were observed between the groups for gender,race,pertinent injury factors,age,or other hormone therapies used(P>0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of organ types per donor compared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no difference in the total number of organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining levothyroxine and steroid administration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the trauma patient *** to this study include

关键词： Organ donation Trauma Brain death Levothyroxine Hormone replacement therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro michael Wan Takura Darlington mukabeta Ella malev marketa Gross claudia Williams muhammad manjra Jan Herman Kuiper John murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty mETHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

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