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Transient elastography: A non-invasive tool for assessing liver fibrosis in HIV/HcV patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5225-5232页

作者： Valentina Li Vecchi Maurizio Soresi claudia colomba Giovanni Mazzola Pietro colletti Maurizio Mineo Paola Di carlo Emanuele La Spada Giovanni Vizzini Giuseppe Montalto Department of clinical Medicine and Emerging Pathologies University of Palermo Via del Vespro 141 90127 Palermo Italy Infectious Diseases Section Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Palermo Via del Vespro 129 90127 Palermo Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IsMeTT) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Via Tricomi 1 90127 Palermo Italy

AIM: To assess the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis c virus (HcV) and HIV/HcV patients using transient elastography, and to identify factors associated with ALF. METHODS: Between September 2008 and October 2009, 71 HIV mono-infected, 57 HIV/HcV co-infected and 53 HcV mono-infected patients on regular follow-up at our center were enrolled in this study. Alcohol intake, the main parameters of liver function, presence of HcV-RNA, HIV-RNA, duration of highly active anti-retroviraltherapy (HAART) and cD4 cell count were recorded. ALF was defined as liver stiffness (LS) ≥ 9.5 kPa. To estimate liver fibrosis (LF) a further 2 reliable biochemical scores, aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4, were also used. RESULTS: LS values of co-infected patients were higher than in either HIV or HcV mono-infected patients (χ 2M H = 4, P ct, LS ≥ 9.5 was significantly higher in co-infected than in HIV and HcV mono-infected pa-tients (χ 2 = 5, P co-infected than in HIV mono-infect-ed patients (P cV mono-infected patients. In HIV?HcV co-infected patients, the extent of LS was significantly associated with alcohol intake (P cD4+ cell count (P cV pa-tients, LS was correlated with alcohol intake (P cholesterol levels (P cV-and HIV-viremia were not significantly cor-related with LS. In addition, 20% of co-infected patients had virologically unsuccessful HAART; in 50% compliance was low, cD4+ levels were cells/mm 3 and LS was > 9.5 kPa. There was no significant correlation between extent of LF and HAART exposure or duration of HAART exposure, in particular with specific dideoxynucleoside analogues. cONcLUSION: ALF was more frequent in co-infected than mono-infected patients. This result correlated with lower cD4 levels. Protectiv

关键词： Liver fibrosis Transient elastography Aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index FIB-4 test Fibrosis evaluation Human immunodeficiency virus infection Hepatitis c virus infection

Dynamics of the ruminal microbial ecosystem, and inhibition of methanogenesis and propiogenesis in response to nitrate feeding to Holstein calves

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1205-1218页

作者： Abimael Ortiz-chura Jose Gere Gisela Marcoppido Gustavo Depetris Silvio cravero claudia Faverin cesar Pinares-Patino Angel cataldi d Maria E.ceron-cucchi Institute of Pathobiology CICVyA National Institute of Agricultural TechnologyIPVetUEDD INTA-CONICETHurlinghamC1686Argentina Engineering Research and Development Division National Technological University(UTN)National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)Buenos AiresC1179Argentina Agricultural Experimental Station of Balcarce National Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA)BalcarceB7620Argentina Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology IABIMONational Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA)National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)HurlinghamC1686Argentina The Agribusiness Group Lincoln UniversityPO Box 85016Lincoln7674New Zealand

It is known that nitrate inhibits ruminal methanogenesis,mainly through competition with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for available hydrogen(H2)and also through toxic effects on the ***,there is limited knowledge about its effects on the others members of ruminal microbiota and their *** this study,we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate inclusion on enteric methane(cH4)emission,temporal changes in ruminal microbiota,and fermentation in Holstein *** animals were maintained in individual pens for 45 *** were randomly allocated to either a control(cTR)or nitrate(NIT,containing 15 g of calcium nitrate/kg dry matter)*** emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)tracer *** microbiota changes and ruminal fermentation were evaluated at 0,4,and 8 h *** this study,feed dry matter intake(DMI)did not differ between dietary treatments(P>0.05).Diets containing NIT reduced cH4 emissions by 27%(g/d)and yield by 21%(g/kg DMI)compared to the cTR(Pcids(VFA)concentration did not differ between dietary treatments(P>0.05)but differed with time,and post-feeding(Pcreases in the concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and acetate were observed,whereas propionate decreased at 4 h post-feeding with the NIT diet(Pced the populations of total bacteria,total methanogens,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,and the abundance of Succiniclasticum,coprococcus,Treponema,Shuttlewortia,Succinivibrio,Sharpea,Pseudobutyrivibrio,and Selenomona(Pcter succinogenes,Atopobium and Erysipelotrichaceae L7 AE11 increased(Pconclusion,feeding nitrate reduces enteric cH4 emissions and the methanogens population,whereas it decreases the propionate concentration and the abundance of bacteria involved in the succinate and acrylate pathways.D

关键词： Methane emission Nitrate Microbiota Ruminal fermentation

Ibuprofen-Maltodextrin Interaction: Study of Enantiomeric Recognition and complex characterization

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第1期4卷 18-30页

作者： claudia Garnero carolina Aloisio Marcela Longhi Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba Argentina

The interaction between ibuprofen and maltodextrins with different dextrose equivalent was studied in solution and solid state in order to investigate the effect on the solubility of ibuprofen and to determine their usefulness in terms of chiral recognition. Apparent binding constants were calculated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments and solubility studies. The results showed an increase in the apparent solubility of ibuprofen in the presence of maltodextrins that depended on their ionization state. The freeze-drying method was used to prepare solid complexes, while physical mixtures were obtained by simple blending. These solid systems were characterized in the solid state using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Detailed nuclear magnetic resonance studies provided evidence of the influence of the type and concentration of the maltodextrin host on the chiral recognition of racemic ibuprofen, indicating that these linear ligands act as chiral selectors.

关键词： Ibuprofen Maltodextrin chiral Recognition complex characterization Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Solubility Studies

Linking climate Variables with <i>Tuber borchii</i>Sporocarps Production

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Natural Resources 2014年第8期5卷 408-418页

作者： Elena Salerni claudia Perini Lorenzo Gardin BIOcONNET Biodiversity and Conservation Network Department of Life Science University of Siena Siena Italy Via Guerrazzi Firenze Italy

Tuber borchii is an ectomycorrhizal edible truffle, commonly called “bianchetto” (whitish truffle) to distinguish it from the more valuable white truffle found in Italy (T. magnatum). Although Tuber borchii also has a fairly high commercial value, information on its ecology, and especially its optimum rainfall and temperature values are lacking. In recent years the issue of climate change has steadily grown in importance, not only in the scientific world, but also politically and in civil society. Over the last century there has been a general increase in the temperature in Italy of about 1°c. Several studies have underlined how climatic changes influence the optimum growth and distribution of various species of truffle. This contribution aims to illustrate the fluctuation of T. borchii sporocarps production in different timescales and show how these alterations are driven by rainfall and temperature factors. The research, carried out in five different natural T. borchii production areas, reveals that the production of truffles is significantly higher after autumn months characterized by abundant rainfall and cold temperatures.

关键词： Tuber borchii Rainfall and Temperature Variations Fruiting Production Multiple Linear Regression General Linear Model

Non-Linear Semi-Quantum Hamiltonians and Its Associated Lie Algebras

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第20期5卷 3277-3296页

作者： claudia M. Sarris Angelo Plastino ciclo Bá sico comú n-cá tedra de Fí sica Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Laboratorio de Sistemas complejos Departamento de Matem&#225 tica Facultad de Ingenier&#237 a Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Instituto de Fí sica La Plata-ccT-cONIcET Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina Physics Department and IFISc-cSIc University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain

We show that the non-linear semi-quantum Hamiltonians which may be expressed as(whereis the set of generators of some Lie algebra and are the classical conjugated canonical variables) always close a partial semi Lie algebra under commutation and, because of this, it is always possible to integrate the mean values of the quantum degrees of freedom of the semi-quantum non-linear system in the fashion:(whereis the Maximum Entropy Principle density operator) and, so, these kind of Hamiltonians always have associated dynamic invariants which are expressed in terms of the quantum degrees of freedom’s mean values. Those invariants are useful to characterize the kind of dynamics (regular or irregular) the system displays given that they can be fixed by means of the initial conditions imposed on the semi-quantum non-linear system.

关键词： Non-Linear Semiquantum Dynamics Lie Algebras Maximum Entropy Principle

A simple and easy method to measure ammonia volatilization:Accuracy under field conditions

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 255-264页

作者： Márcio R.MARTINS Leonardo F.SARKIS Roni F.GUAREScHI camila A.SANTOS Selenobaldo A.c.SANT’ANNA Mohammad ZAMAN claudia P.JANTALIA Bruno J.R.ALVES Robert M.BODDEY Ednaldo S.ARAÚJO Segundo URQUIAGA Embrapa Agrobiology Rod.BR 465km 7Seropédica RJ CEP 23891-000(Brazil) Agroscope Research Division Agroecology and EnvironmentClimate and Agriculture GroupReckenholzstrasse 191Zurich 8046(Switzerland) Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ) Rod.BR 465km 7Seropédica RJ CEP 23891-000(Brazil) Soil and Water Management&crop Nutrition Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureP.O.Box 100Vienna A-1400(Austria)

Field studies on soil ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization are restricted in many countries owing to the high costs commonly demanded for accurate *** assessed the accuracy of a simple,open chamber design to capture NH_(3)under field conditions,as affected by different chamber placement ***-15 N was surface applied to lysimeters installed in the spaces between maize *** chambers made from plastic bottles were installed on each lysimeter with variations in i)N rates(3,8,13,and 18 g m^(-2)),ii)the height of the chamber above the soil surface(0,5,and 10 mm),and iii)chamber relocation(static ***).Reference lysimeters without chambers were used to measure NH_(3)losses by^(15)*** of NH_(3)-N accounted for more than 50%of the applied *** of the chambers had no impact on their NH_(3)-trapping efficiencies,proving to be an unnecessary *** in the height of the chambers above the soil surface affected the capture of NH_(3),but the results still maintained high linearity with the NH_(3)losses quantified by the reference method(R^(2)>0.98).When the same placement scheme used in the introductory study describing the chamber was utilized(static and touching the soil surface),we found a trapping efficiency of 60%,which was very similar to that(57%)obtained in the previous *** results show that this simple,open chamber design can be used with satisfactory accuracy under field conditions,provided that simple,standardized procedures are warranted.

关键词： ammonia collector chamber method field sampler gas emission low-cost chamber nitrogen cycling

critical Nitrogen Dilution curve in Processing Potato cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3144-3156页

作者： claudia Marcela Giletto Hernán Eduardo Echeverría Unidad Integrada FcA UNMdP-INTA Balcarce Argentina

The critical nitrogen dilution curve (cNDc) can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess crop N nutrition during the growing season. Potato cultivars have different biomass production and accumulation of N and consequently different growth patterns. These differences among cultivars may result in different cNDc. The aims were a) to determine the cNDc for different potato cultivars;b) to compare these curves with reference curves;and c) to assess the possibility of using the cNDc to estimate the N nutritional status of the crop. The biomass production and N concentration of shoots and tubers of potato cultivars Innovator, Gem Russet, Umatilla Russet, Bannock Russet and Markies Russet were measured. The harvest index (HI) and N harvest index (NHI) were determined. The coefficient a of the cNDc was similar among cultivars, while the coefficients b for Innovator and Gem Russet (-0.42 and -0.36, respectively) were smaller than those for the other cultivars (average -0.25). HI and NHI were greater in Innovator, smaller in Markies Russet, and intermediated in the other three cultivars. The coefficients b of the cNDc were correlated with HI and NHI (HI, r = -0.62, p ctively). The relationship between relative tuber yield (RY) and N nutrition index (NNI) was fit by a quadratic-plateau function. At similar situations of N deficiency, Innovator had lower yield and greater response to N rate than the other potato cultivars. The differences in HI and NHI among cultivars may explain the differences in the coefficient b of the cNDc. The NNI identified the status of N adequately in potato cultivars.

关键词： Harvest Index N Harvest Index coefficient of Dilution Processing Potato

Effect of vildagliptin as add-on therapy to a low-dose metformin

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World Journal of Diabetes 2010年第1期1卷 19-26页

作者： claudia Filozof Sherwyn Schwartz James E Foley Diabetes Principal Medical Scientific Expert Novartis Pharma AG Diabetes and Glandular Disease clinic Novartis Pharmaceuticals corporation

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of vildagliptin to low-dose metformin and compare it to an uptitration of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who have inadequate control with metformin ***:Eligible patients were randomized to receive vildagliptin 100 mg qd or metformin(500 mg qd for 2 wk and then 500 mg bid) added to open label me tformin 500 mg bid for the 24 *** primary endpoi nt was baseline to endpoint hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) ***:The adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c at the 24th wk was-0.51% in the vildagliptin/metformin group(mean baseline HbA1c:7.4%) and-0.37% in the metformin monothera py group(mean baseline HbA1c:7.3%).The mean diffe rence was-0.14% with 95% confidence Interval(-0.24%,-0.05%).As non-inf e riority(margin of 0.4%) was achieved,a test for superiority was *** test showed statistically significant superiority of the combination over monotherapy group(P = 0.002).Gastrointestinal(GI) adverse events were signif icantly more frequent in the metformin group than the combin ation group(21.0% vs 15.4%,P = 0.032).cONcLUSION:In patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin up to 1000 mg daily,the addition of vildagliptin 100 mg daily achieved larger HbA1c reduction with fewer GI events than with increa sing the metformin dose.

关键词： Vildagliptin Metformin Dipeptidyl peptid ase-4 Hemoglobin A1c Glucagon-like peptide-1 Gastrointestinal side effects

comparison of hepatitis c virus testing recommendations in high-income countries

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第10期10卷 743-751页

作者： Risha Irvin Kathleen Ward Tracy Agee Noele P Nelson claudia Vellozzi David L Thomas Alexander J Millman Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

AIM To investigate hepatitis c virus(HcV) testing recommendations from the United States and other high-income *** A comprehensive search for current HcV testing recommendations from the top quartile of United Nations Human Development Index(HDI) countries(very high HDI) was performed using Google and reviewed from May 1-October 30, 2014 and re-reviewed April 1-October 2, 2017. RESULTS Of the 51 countries identified, 16 had HcV testing recom-mendations from a government body or recommendations issued collaboratively between a government and a medical organization. Of these 16 countries, 15 had HcV testing recommendations that were primarily risk-based and highlight behaviors, exposures, and conditions that are associated with HcV transmission in that region. In addition to risk-based testing, the HcV Guidance Panel(United States) incorporates recommendations for aone-time test for individuals born during 1945-1965(the birth cohort) without prior ascertainment of risk into their guidance. In addition to the United States, six other countries either have an age-based testing recommendation or recommend one-time testing for all adults independent of risk factors typical of the region. cONcLUSION This review affirmed the similarities of the HcV Guidance Panel's guidance with those of recommendations from very high HDI countries.

关键词： Hepatitis c Testing Recommendations Mass screening Guidelines