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The Effects of Bio-inspired Electromagnetic Fields on Normal and Cancer Cells

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第5期16卷 943-953页

作者： Xuelei Liu Zongming Liu Zhenning Liu Shujun Zhang Kamal Bechkoum Michael clark Luquan Ren Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Educatiori) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineerings Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Department of Anesthesiology Jilin Cancer HospitalChangchun 130000China School of Computing and Technology University of GloucestershireThe ParkCheltenhamGL502RHUK Magnacare Health Groups 20-22 Pemberton Street Birmingham5186NYUK

The electromagnetic field(EMF)is one of many environmental factors,which earth creatures are exposed *** are many reports on the effects of EMF on living ***,since the mechanism has not yet been fiilly understood,the biological effects of EMF are still *** order to explore the effects of bio-inspired EMF(BIEMF)on normal and cancer cells,various cultured cells have been exposed to BIEMF of different directions,***,parallel and *** reduced ATP production in Hela and A549 cancer cells is found for the parallel and vertical *** careful examination on Hela cells has revealed a cell density dependent inhibition on colony *** morphological observation of BIEMF-exposed Hela cells has suggested that the retarded cell proli feration is probably caused by cell death via *** these results may afford new insights for cancer prevention and treatment.

关键词： electromagnetic fields(EMF) bio-inspired electromagnetic fields(BIEMF) directionality cancer cell proliferation

Technologies for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Energy in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1363-1370页

作者： ZHANG Qing-tao XIA Qing clark C K Liu Shu Geng Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Plant Sciences University of California

While the shortage of water and energy is a well-recognized worldwide natural resources issue, little attention has been given to irrigation energy efficiency. In this paper, we examine the potential energy savings that can be achieved by implementing improved irrigation technologies in China. The use of improved irrigation management measures such as a flow meter, irrigation scheduling, and/or regular maintenance and upgrades, typically reduces the amount of water pumped over the course of a growing season. The total energy saved by applying these improved measures could reach 20%, as compared with traditional irrigation methods. Two methods of irrigation water conveyance by traditional earth canal and low pressure pipeline irrigation （LPPI） were also evaluated. Our study indicated that LPPI could save 6.48x 109 kWh yr1 when applied to 11 Chinese provinces. Also, the COz emission was reduced by 6.72 metric tons per year. Among these 11 surveyed provinces, the energy saving potential for two provinces, Hebei and Shandong, could reach 1.45 x 109 kWh yr^-1. Using LPPI, potential energy saved and CO2 emissions reduced in the other 20 Chinese provinces were estimated at about 2.97×109 kWh yr-1 and 2.69 metric tons per year, respectively. The energy saving potential for Heilongjiang, a major agriculture province, could reach 1.77× 109 kWh yr-1, which is the largest in all provinces. If LPPI is applied to the entire country, average annual energy saving of more than 9 billion kWh and average annual CO2 emission reduction of more than 9.0 metric tons could be realized. Rice is one of the largest users of the world＇s fresh water resources. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation （ITI） can improve yield and water-use efficiency in paddy fields. The total increments of net output energy and yield by ITI in paddy fields across China could reach 2.5× 1016 calories and l07 tons, respectively. So far only a small part of agricultural land in China ha

关键词： water and energy efficiency irrigation management low pressure pipeline irrigation energy saving potential,intermittent irrigation

Evaluating and Mapping Grape Color Using Image-Based Phenotyping

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 95-105页

作者： A.N.Underhill C.D.Hirsch M.D.clark Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Grape berry color is an economically important trait that is controlled by two major genes influencing anthocyanin synthesis in the *** is often described qualitatively using six major categories;however,this is a subjective rating that often fails to describe variation within these six *** investigate minor genes influencing berry color,image analysis was used to quantify berry color using different color *** image analysis pipeline was developed and utilized to quantify color in a segregating hybrid wine grape population across two *** were collected from grape clusters immediately after harvest and segmented by color to determine the red,green,and blue(RGB);hue,saturation,and intensity(HSI);and lightness,red-green,and blue-yellow values(L∗a∗b∗)of *** analysis identified known major QTL for color on chromosome 2 along with several previously unreported smaller-effect QTL on chromosomes 1,5,6,7,10,15,18,and *** study demonstrated the ability of an image analysis phenotyping system to characterize berry color and to more effectively capture variability within a population and identify genetic regions of interest.

关键词： Image image Mapping

Highly efficient NHC-iridium-catalyzedβ-methylation of alcohols with methanol at low catalyst loadings

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第8期64卷 1361-1366页

作者： Zeye Lu Qingshu Zheng Guangkuo Zeng Yunyan Kuang James H.clark Tao Tu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai200438China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of YorkYorkYO 105DDUK

The methylation of alcohols is of great importance since a broad number of bioactive and pharmaceutical alcohols contain methyl ***,a highly efficientβ-methylation of primary and secondary alcohols with methanol has been achieved by using bis-N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(bis-NHC-Ir)*** substrate scope and up to quantitative yields were achieved at low catalyst loadings with only hydrogen and water as *** protocol was readily extended to theβ-alkylation of alcohols with several primary *** experiments,along with DFT calculations and crystallographic studies,revealed that the ligand effect is critical to their excellent catalytic performance,shedding light on more challenging Guerbet reactions with simple alcohols.

关键词： hydrogen-borrowing ligand effect iridium N-heterocyclic carbene methylation

Understanding and Attribution of Extreme Heat and Drought Events in 2022: Current Situation and Future Challenges

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 1941-1951页

作者： Lixia ZHANG Xiaojing YU Tianjun ZHOU Wenxia ZHANG Shuai HU Robin clark State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Citie’s Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030 College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Met Office Hadley Centre ExeterEX13PBUK

Extreme weather events and their consequential impacts have been a key feature of the climate in recent years in many parts of the world,with many partly attributed to ongoing global-scale *** past year,2022,has been no exception,with further records being *** year was marked by unprecedented heatwaves and droughts with highly unusual spatial extent,duration and intensity,with one measure indicating an aggregated and overall intensity of extreme heat events worldwide not seen since at least *** extreme drought measured by surface soil moisture covered 47.3%of global land areas in 2022,which was the second most widespread year since ***,we examine notable events of the year in five major regions of the world:China’s Yangtze River region,western Europe,the western U.S.,the Horn of Africa and central South *** each event,we review the potential roles of circulation,oceanic forcing(especially the“triple-dip”La Niña)and anthropogenic climate change,with an aim of understanding the extreme events in 2022 from a global *** will serve as a reference for mechanism understanding,prediction and attribution of extreme events.

关键词： extreme event in 2022 heatwave drought detection and attribution

Calculation and interpretation of classical turning surfaces in solids

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 229-238页

作者： Aaron D.Kaplan Stewart J.clark Kieron Burke John P.Perdew Department of Physics Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Centre for Materials Physics Durham UniversityDurham DH13LEUK Departments of Chemistry and Physics University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Departments of Physics and Chemistry Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA

Classical turning surfaces of Kohn–Sham potentials separate classically allowed regions(CARs)from classically forbidden regions(CFRs).They are useful for understanding many chemical properties of molecules but need not exist in solids,where the density never decays to *** equilibrium geometries,we find that CFRs are absent in perfect metals,rare in covalent semiconductors at equilibrium,but common in ionic and molecular *** all materials,CFRs appear or grow as the internuclear distances are uniformly *** can also appear at a monovacancy in a *** with several approximate density functionals and codes confirm these behaviors.A classical picture of conduction suggests that CARs should be connected in metals,and disconnected in wide-gap insulators,and is confirmed in the limits of extreme compression and ***,many semiconductors have no CFR at equilibrium,a key finding for density functional ***,a strong correlation with insulating behavior can still be ***,equilibrium bond lengths for all cases can be estimated from the bond type and the sum of the classical turning radii of the free atoms or ions.

关键词： turning solids expanded

Low back pain and golf:A review of biomechanical risk factors

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第1期2卷 10-18页

作者： Nathan Edwards clark Dickin Henry Wang School of Kinesiology Ball State UniversityMuncieUnited States

Golf is an international sport played by a variety of age groups and fitness levels,and although golf has a low to moderate aerobic intensity level,injuries are common among professional and amateur *** amounts of force experienced during the golf swing can lead to injury when golfers lack appropriate strength or technique with the lower back most commonly *** has indicated that trunk muscle activation,hip strength and mobility,and pelvis and trunk rotation are associated with low back pain(LBP).Based on anecdotal evidence,golf practitioners specifically address issues in weight shift,lumbar positioning,and pelvis sequencing for golfers with *** review aims to elucidate the effects of proper and improper golf swing technique on LBP and to help golf practitioners understand how to approach the alleviation of LBP in their clientele.

关键词： Low back pain Golf Injury Biomechanics Risk factors

Assessment of an Evapotranspiration Deficit Drought Index in Relation to Impacts on Ecosystems

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第11期36卷 1273-1287页

作者： Xia ZHANG Mingxing LI Zhuguo MA Qing YANG Meixia LV Robin clark Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 1 3PB UK

Ecosystems have increasingly been subject to the challenge of heavy drought under global warming. To quantitatively evaluate the impacts of drought on ecosystems, it is necessary to develop a drought index that can sensitively depict the response of vegetation to drought evolution at a biological time scale. For the ability of direct connection between climate and ecosystem by deficit of evapotranspiration, in the present study, a drought index was defined based on standardized evapotranspiration deficit (SEDI), according to the difference between actual and potential evapotranspiration, to meet the need for highlighting drought impacts on ecological processes. Comparisons with traditional indices show that SEDI can reasonably detect droughts and climatic dry and wet transitions, especially at a monthly time scale, and can also regenerate long-term trends. Moreover, SEDI can more sensitively capture the biological changes of ecosystems in response to the dynamics of drought intensity, compared with the indices of precipitation and temperature. SEDI is more practical than the precipitation and temperature indices to highlight signals of biological effects in climate droughts. Hence, it has potential for use in assessments of climate change and its impact on ecosystems.

关键词： evapotranspiration drought index vegetation ecosystem leaf area index climate change

Energy expenditure and muscular activation patterns through active sitting on compliant surfaces

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 207-212页

作者： D.clark Dickin Rachel K.Surowiec Henry Wang Biomechanics Laboratory Ball State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA

Purpose: To test the effectiveness of sitting surfaces with varied amounts of stability on muscle activity and energy ***: Using a within-participants repeated measures design, 11 healthy young-adult females(age = 20.0 ± 1.8 years) were measured using indirect calorimetry to assess energy expenditure, and electromyography to assess muscular activation in trunk and leg musculature under 3different sitting surfaces: flat-firm surface, air-filled cushion, and a stability ball. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with follow-up pairwise contrasts used to determine the specific effects of sitting surface on muscle activation and energy ***: Significantly greater energy expenditure was recorded for the stability ball(p = 0.01) and the cushion(p = 0.03) over the flat surface(10.4% and 9.6% greater, respectively), with no differences between the ball and the cushion. Both the ball and the cushion produced higher tibialis anterior activation over the flat surface(1.09 and 0.63 root-mean-square millivolts(RMSmv), respectively), while the stability ball produced higher soleus activity over both cushion and flat surfaces(3.97 and 4.24 RMSmv, respectively). Additionally, the cushion elicited higher adductor longus activity over the ball and flat surfaces(1.76 and 1.81 RMSmv, respectively), but no trunk musculature differences were ***: Compliant surfaces resulted in higher levels of muscular activation in the lower extremities facilitating increased caloric *** the increasing trends in sedentary careers and the increases in obesity, this is an important finding to validate the merits of active sitting facilitating increased caloric expenditure and muscle activation.

关键词： Energy metabolism Electromyography Female Posture Sedentary lifestyle Workplace